Although the German-speaking states had a long tradition of midwives' participation in the public sphere, their craft did not begin to transform into a modern profession until the very end of the nineteenth century. Picking up from Chapter 1, and covering the years from 1885 through to the 1920s, this chapter examines the active role midwives took in carving out occupational authority in the new public sphere of institutionalized medicine. While the previous centuries saw government and church officials systematically chip away at midwives' authority and expertise, the decades of the Wilhelminian and Weimar eras saw a committed group of midwives reassert their right to occupational autonomy. Due in large part to the efforts of one woman, Olga Gebauer, midwives established the recognized markers of professionalization, including a membership association and trade journal, both of which allowed them to insert their voices into the written record.