This chapter first shows how policies of assimilation and integration in Turkey impacted on the social, economic, and political positioning of the Kurds in the 2000s. It then applies arguments from the second chapter to the contemporary relationship between the Kurds and the state in Turkey. Multiculturalism is often referenced by a range of political institutions and political actors who appeal to its ideas when they discuss and reflect on the outstanding problems that affect Kurds in Turkey. This chapter shows how further violations of Kurds’ freedom and equalities are being justified in terms of these frameworks, and so it provides key empirical evidence for the main argument of this book. Ethnocentric multiculturalism is subjected to scrutiny in order to establish whether or not its approaches can actually bring about equality and freedom in Turkey. The chapter also elaborates on the need for a new approach which would draw on moderate multiculturalist theory as opposed to ethnocentric multiculturalism to provide solutions that are best-suited to the realities of the situation at hand.