This concluding chapter brings together the arguments of the four chapters in order to assess broader changes and continuities in Roman musical culture during the period under consideration in the book. While the ideological frameworks underpinning musical discourses remained largely constant over time, and competing political actors continued to use music for their own ends, it is notable that the gradual evolution of Roman society and politics prompted new types of engagement with music. This has important ramifications for our understanding of Rome’s relationship with Greek culture, as well as the interactions between elites and non-elites.