Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1 Concepts and problems
- 2 Nonequilibrium in communities
- 3 Interspecific competition: definition and effects on species
- 4 Interspecific competition: effects in communities and conclusion
- 5 Noncompetitive mechanisms responsible for niche restriction and segregation
- 6 Patterns over evolutionary time, present mass extinctions
- 7 Some detailed examples at the population/metapopulation level
- 8 Some detailed examples at the community level
- 9 Some detailed biogeographical/macroecological patterns
- 10 An autecological comparison: the ecology of some Aspidogastrea
- 11 What explains the differences found? A summary, and prospects for an ecology of the future
- References
- Taxonomic index
- Subject index
- References
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 September 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1 Concepts and problems
- 2 Nonequilibrium in communities
- 3 Interspecific competition: definition and effects on species
- 4 Interspecific competition: effects in communities and conclusion
- 5 Noncompetitive mechanisms responsible for niche restriction and segregation
- 6 Patterns over evolutionary time, present mass extinctions
- 7 Some detailed examples at the population/metapopulation level
- 8 Some detailed examples at the community level
- 9 Some detailed biogeographical/macroecological patterns
- 10 An autecological comparison: the ecology of some Aspidogastrea
- 11 What explains the differences found? A summary, and prospects for an ecology of the future
- References
- Taxonomic index
- Subject index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Nonequilibrium Ecology , pp. 189 - 215Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006
References
(1983). The theory of limiting similarity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 14, 359–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aho, J. M. (1990). Helminth communities of amphibians and reptiles: comparative approaches to understanding patterns and processes. In , and , eds., Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes. London, Chapman and Hall, pp. 157–195.Google Scholar
, and (2002). Global biodiversity, biochemical kinetics, and the energetic-equivalence rule. Science 297, 1545–1548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1995). Palaeontology. Adaptation and community ecology: a response to Walter and Patterson (1994). Australian Journal of Ecology 19, 241–250.Google Scholar
(1970). Introduction to the Study of Animal Populations, 2nd edn., London, Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1954). The Distribution and Abundance of Animals. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
and (1997). Evolution of freshwater eels. Naturwissenschaften 84, 17–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2001). Molecular phylogeny and evolution in the freshwater eel, genus Anguilla. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20, 450–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1974). Observations on the occurrence of Diclidophora merlangi (Trematoda: Monogenea) on the gills of whiting, Gadus merlangus. Journal of Fish Biology 4, 27–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2000). Faunal diversity across a sandy shore. Marine Ecology Progress Series 196, 49–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armsworth, P. R. (2002). Recruitment limitation, population regulation and larval connectivity in reef fish metapopulations. Ecology cit. Doherty (2002).CrossRef
(1940). Der prozentuelle Anteil der Parasiten auf und in Tieren im Rahmen des aus Deutschland bisher bekannten Tierartenbestandes. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 121, 684–689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982). The Evolutionary Consequences of Interspecific Competition. Advances in Ecological Research, London, New York, Academic Press, pp. 127–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, J. S. F. (1983). Interspecific competition. In , and , eds., The Genetics and Biology of Drosophila. London, Academic Press, pp. 285–341.Google Scholar
Barker, R. D. (1987). The diet of herbivores in the sheep rangelands. In , and eds., Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 69–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1996). Rate of rbcL gene sequence evolution and species diversification in flowering plants (angiosperms). Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 263, 589–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1990). Interactions between the acanthocephalans Pomporhynchus laevis and Acanthocephalus anguillae in rainbow trout: testing an exclusion hypothesis. Parasitology 100, 435–444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1997). Séquences d'AND mobiles et évolution du génome. Pour Sci., Hors. Sér. Janvier 97, 106–109. (cit. Harmelin-Vivien 2002).Google Scholar
and (1981). Population Ecology. A Unified Study of Animals and Plants. Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Melbourne, Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
, and (1990). Ecology. Individuals, Populations and Communities, 2nd edn. Boston, Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
and (1982). A comparison between species diversity of polychaetes from tropical and temperate structurally similar rocky intertidal habitats. Journal of Biogeography 9, 371–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). Diversification and extinction in the history of life. Science 268, 52–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1998). Analyzing diversification through time: reply to Sepkoski and Miller. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13, 201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2001). Speciation in the fossil record. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16, 405–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, (1987). Equilibrium or nonequilibrium: is that the question?Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 68, 500–502.Google Scholar
, and (2002). The occurrence of species flocks in the nematode genus Cloacina (Strongyloidea: Cloacininae), parasitic in the stomachs of kangaroos and wallabies. Australian Journal of Zoology 50, 597–620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, D. J. (1974). Stability in host-parasite systems. In and , eds., Ecological Stability. London, Chapman and Hall, pp. 71–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Testing the link between the latitudinal gradient in species richness and rates of molecular evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16, 200–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1996). Determinants of rate variation in mammalian DNA sequence evolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 43, 610–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, J. H. (1975). Geographical ecology of desert rodents. In and , eds., Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cambridge, Mass. and London, Belknap Press of Harvard University, pp. 315–341.Google Scholar
and (1989). Macroecology: the division of food and space among species on continents. Science 243, 1145–1150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1979). Granivory in desert ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10, 201–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2004). Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 85, 1771–1789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burr, B. M. and Page, L. M. (1986). Zoogeography of the lower Ohio-upper Mississippi basin. In and , eds., The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. London, Wiley, pp. 287–324.Google Scholar
Bush, A. O. (1990). Helminth communities in avian hosts: determinants of patterns. In , and , eds., Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes. London, Chapman and Hall, pp. 197–232.Google Scholar
and (1984). Character divergence in two species of trematodes (Pharyngostomoides: Strigeoidea). Journal of Parasitology 70, 315–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1992). Geographical distribution and host specificity of ectoparasites of Australian bream, Acanthopagrus spp. (Sparidae). Folia Parasitologica 39, 249–264.Google Scholar
and (1993). Population dynamics of red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) in relation to rainfall in the South Australian pastoral zone. Journal of Applied Ecology 30, 444–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979). Ecological observations on Cerithium moniliferum Kiener (Gastropoda: Cerithiidae) and its trematode parasites at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 30, 365–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cappucino, N. (1995). Novel approaches to the study of population dynamics. In and , eds., Population Dynamics. New Approaches and Synthesis. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 3–16.Google Scholar
(1999). Latitude and rates of diversification in birds and butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society London 266, 1221–1225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978). Predator-mediated coexistence: a non-equilibrium model. American Naturalist 112, 127–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caswell, H. and Cohen, J. E. (1993). Local and regional regulation of species-area relations: a patch-occupancy model. In and , eds., Species Diversity in Ecological Communities. Historical and Geographical Perspectives. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, pp. 99–107.Google Scholar
Caughley, G. (1987a). Introduction to the sheep rangelands. In , and , eds., Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caughley, G.(1987b). Ecological relationships. In , and , eds., Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 159–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and , eds. (1987). Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978). Predator-prey theory and variability. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9, 288–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981). Models for spatially distributed populations: the effect of within-patch variability. Theoretical Population Biology 19, 288–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982). The stabilizing effect of a random environment. Journal of Mathematical Ecology 15, 1–36.Google Scholar
Chesson, P. L.(1986). Environmental variation and the coexistence of species. In and , eds., Community Ecology. New York, Harper and Row, pp. 240–256.Google Scholar
Chesson, P. L. and Case, T. J. (1986). Overview: nonequilibrium community theories: chance, variability, history, and coexistence. In and , eds., Community Ecology. New York, Harper and Row, pp. 229–239.Google Scholar
and (2003). Structure of patch-reef fish assemblages at St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, and One Tree Reef, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 249, 277–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2004). Computer simulations of history of life: speciation, emergence of complex species from simple organisms, and extinctions. Physica A- Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 340, 685–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1977). Theories of Populations in Biological Communities. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , eds., (2004). Soay Sheep. Dynamics and Selection in an Island Population. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
, , and (1991). Persistent instability and population regulation in Soay sheep. Journal of Animal Ecology 60, 593–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1974). Competition and the Structure of Bird Communities. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
and , eds., (1975). Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cambridge, Mass. and London, Belknap Press of Harvard University.Google Scholar
Colwell, R. K. (1984). What's new? Community ecology discovers biology. In , and , eds., (1984). A New Ecology. Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. New York, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 387–396.Google Scholar
(2001). Parasitism. The Ecology and Evolution of Intimate Interactions. Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
, and (1989). Regional diversity, local community structure and vacant niches: the herbivorous arthropods of bracken in South Africa. Ecological Entomology 14, 365–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connell, J. H. (1975). Some mechanisms producing structure in natural communities: a model and evidence from field experiments. In and , eds., Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, pp. 460–490.Google Scholar
(1978). Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199, 1302–1309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1979). Tropical rain forests and coral reefs as open non-equilibrium systems. Symposia of the British Ecological Society 20, 141–163.Google Scholar
(1980). Diversity and the coevolution of competitors, or the ghost of competition past. Oikos 35, 131–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1983). On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. American Naturalist 122, 661–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2000). Seedling dynamics over thirty-two years in a tropical rain forest tree. Ecology 81, 568–584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1984). Compensatory recruitment, growth, and mortality as factors maintaining rain forest tree diversity. Ecological Monographs 54, 141–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1978). Species number and compositional similarity of the Galapagos flora and avifauna. Ecological Monographs 48, 219–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1986). Competition, scientific method, and null models in ecology. American Scientist 74, 155–162.Google Scholar
(1993). The competition controversy in community ecology. Biology and Philosophy 8, 359–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985a). Local and regional richness of cynipine gall wasps on California oaks. Ecology 66, 1247–1260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985b). Species assemblages of cynipid gall wasps are not saturated. American Naturalist 126, 565–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Unsaturation and regional influences on species richness in ecological communities: a review of the evidence. Ecoscience 6, 303–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornell, H. V.(2001). Diversity, community/regional level. In , ed., Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, vol. 32. New York, Academic Press, pp. 161–177.Google Scholar
Cornell, H. V. and Karlson, R. H. (1997). Local and regional processes as controls of species richness. In and , eds., Spatial Ecology. The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, pp. 250–268.Google Scholar
and (1992). Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the richness of ecological communities: a theoretical perspective. Journal of Animal Ecology 61, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time. Diversity and Distributions 7, 175–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawley, M. J. (1990). The population dynamics of plants. In Hassell, M. P. and May, R. M., eds., Population, Regulation and Dynamics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B330, 125–140.
, , and (2003). Fundamental causes of the global patterns of species range and richness. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 50, 192–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1991). Energy and large-scale patterns of animal and plant-species richness. American Naturalist 137, 27–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1987). Large scale biogeographical patterns of species richness of trees. Nature 329, 326–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1993). Species relationships in a marine gastropod-trematode ecological system. Biological Bulletin 184, 25–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1859). On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Facsimile 1964, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
(1971). Competition, disturbance, and community organization: The provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky intertidal community. Ecological Monographs 41, 351–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1987). Equilibrium and nonequilibrium concepts in ecological models. Ecological Monographs 57, 1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1996). Regulation and Stabilization Paradigms in Population Ecology. London, Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
and (1994). Density dependence in time series observations of natural populations: estimation and testing. Ecological Monographs 64, 205–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1973). Distributional ecology of New Guinea birds. Science 179, 759–769.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diamond, J.(1975). Assembly of species communities. In and , eds., Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, pp. 342–344.Google Scholar
, , and (1993). Mammals of particular conservation concern in the Western Division of New South Wales. Biological Conservation 65, 219–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1957). Discussion, from Andrewartha, H. G.: the use of conceptual models in population ecology. Cold Spring Harbour Symposia on Quantitative Biology, p. 235.Google Scholar
, and (2000). The relationship in lake communities between primary productivity and species richness. Ecology 81, 2662–2679.Google Scholar
Doherty P. J. (2002). Variable replenishment and the dynamics of reef fish populations. In , ed., Coral Reef Fishes. Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem. Amsterdam, Academic Press, pp. 327–355.Google Scholar
and (1988). The replenishment of coral reef fish populations. Oceanography and Marine Biology 26, 487–551.Google Scholar
(1980). An experimental study of interspecific competition between the iguanid lizards Sceloporus merriami and Urosaurus ornatus. Ecological Monographs 50, 309–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987). Size ratios and artifacts: Hutchinson's rule revisited. American Naturalist 129, 1–17.Google Scholar
, , , , and (2003). Park's Tribolium competition experiments: a non-equilibrium species coexistence hypothesis. Journal of Animal Ecology 72, 703–712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1973). Changing concepts of the balance of nature. The Quarterly Review of Biology 48, 322–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1977). Ecoscience. Population, Resources, Environment. San Francisco, W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
(1979). Studies on the host-parasite relationship of the parasitic prosobranch Thyca cristallina and the asteroid starfish Linckia laevigata. Journal of Zoology 187, 369–391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1946). Competition and the structure of ecological communities. Journal of Animal Ecology 15, 54–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1994). The biology and status of the long-billed Corella in Australia. Proceedings of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 5, 211–247.Google Scholar
, and (1990). Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes. London, New York, Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Farrell, E. J. (1998). Fasciola hepatica in the New England Region of New South Wales. BSc. Honours thesis, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
, , , , and (1996). Simplifying the jargon of community ecology: a conceptual approach. American Naturalist 147, 282–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ed., (1999). Ecology 1999 and Tomorrow. Copenhagen, Nordic Ecological Society Oikos.Google Scholar
(1975). Area, continental drift and mammalian diversity. Paleobiology 1, 189–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrester, C. E., Vance, R. R. and Steele, M. A. (2002). Simulating large-scale population dynamics using small-scale data. In , ed., (2002). Coral Reef Fishes. Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem. Amsterdam, Academic Press, pp. 275–301.Google Scholar
and (1998). Global patterns of tree species richness in moist forests: another look. Oikos 81, 598–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). A globally consistent richness-climate relationship for angiosperms. American Naturalist 161, 523–536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2004). Evolutionary Analysis. 3rd edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Pearson Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
and (1987). Site-finding and pairing of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) on the chick chorioallantois. Journal of Parasitology 73, 546–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1980). In vitro pairing of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) metacercariae and adults, and characterisation of worm products involved in chemoattraction. Journal of Parasitology 66, 1014–1018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1997). Ectoparasites of the whitespotted rabbitfish, Siganus sutor (Valenciennes, 1835) off the Kenyan coast: distribution within the host population and site selection on the gills. Parasitology 115, 69–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geller, W. and Gude, H. (1989). Lake Constance – the largest German lake. In Lampert, W. and Rothaupt, K. O., eds., Limnology in the FRG. 24th Congress of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology.
(1980). The equilibrium theory of island geography: fact or fiction. Journal of Biogeography 7, 209–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giller, P. S. and Gee, J. H. R. (1987). The analysis of community organization: the influence of equilibrium, scale and terminology. In and , eds., Organization of Communities Past and Present. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific, pp. 519–542.Google Scholar
, , , and (2002). Effects of size and temperature on developmental time. Nature 417, 70–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1926). The individualistic concept of the plant association. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 53, 7–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1987). Helminth parasites of sympatric salamanders: ecological concepts at infracommunity, component and compound community levels. American Midland Naturalist 118, 289–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994). Parasitoids: Behavioural and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
and (2001). Scale and species numbers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16, 400–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gosper D. M. (1992) The ecology of parasites of Anguilla reinhardtii (long-finned eel) and Anguilla australis (short-finned eel). BSc Honours thesis, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
and (2002). Species co-occurrence: a meta-analysis of J. M. Diamond's assembly rules model. Ecology 83, 2091–2096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2002). Co-occurrence of ectoparasites of marine fishes: null model analysis. Ecology Letters 5, 86–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972). Convergent and divergent character displacement. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 4, 39–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, P. R. and Schluter, D. (1984). Interspecific competition inferred from patterns of guild structure. In , , and , eds., Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, pp. 201–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1904). The origin and distribution of the chestnut-backed chickadee. Auk 21, 364–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanski, I. (1997). Predictive and practical metapopulation models: the incidence function approach. In and (1997). Spatial Ecology: the Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. Princeton N.J., Monographs in Population Biology, no. 30. Princeton University Press, pp. 21–45.Google Scholar
Hanski, I. and Gilpin, M. E. (1991). Metapopulation dynamics: a brief history and conceptual domain. In and , eds., Metapopulation Dynamics: Empirical and Theoretical Investigations. London, Academic Press, pp. 3–16.Google Scholar
Hanski, I. and Kuussaari, M. (1995). Butterfly metapopulation dynamics. In and , eds., Population Dynamics. New Approaches and Synthesis. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 149–171.Google Scholar
and (2002). Extinction debt at extinction threshold. Conservation Biology 16, 666–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1993). Density dependence, population persistence, and largely futile arguments. Oecologia 95, 595–598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harmelin-Vivien, M. L. (2002). Energetics and fish diversity on coral reefs. In , ed., Coral Reef Fishes. Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem. Amsterdam, Academic Press, pp. 265–274.Google Scholar
(1986). Phytoplankton Ecology. Structure, Function and Fluctuation. London, Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassell, M. P. and May, R. M., eds., (1990). Population, Regulation and Dynamics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 330, 121–304.
and (1993a). Coexistence in helminths of the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus. I. Patterns of co-occurrence. Journal of Animal Ecology 62, 221–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1993b). Coexistence in helminths of the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus. II. Intestinal distribution and interspecific interactions. Journal of Animal Ecology 62, 230–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1993). Complex interactions between dispersal and dynamics: lessons from coupled logistic equations. Ecology 74, 1362–1372.Google Scholar
and (1992). African fig wasp communities: undersaturation and latitudinal gradients in species richness. Journal of Animal Ecology 61, 361–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (2003). Energy, water, and broad-scale geographic patterns of species richness. Ecology 84, 3105–3117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1998). Assemblages of ectoparasites of a pelagic fish, slimy mackerel (Scomber australasicus) from Southeastern Australia. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 263–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994). Biodiversity – the diversification of life in a non-equilibrium world. Biodiversity Letters 2, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1999). The two coexisting ecological paradigms. Acta Biotheoretica 47, 141–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2004). On the generality of the latitudinal diversity gradient. American Naturalist 163, 192–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1978) Distribution of some parasites of freshwater eels in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 12, 179–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1980a) Distribution of helminths in the digestive tracts of New Zealand freshwater eels. 1. Distribution of digeneans. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 14, 329–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1980b) Distribution of helminths in the digestive tracts of New Zealand freshwater eels. 2. Distribution of nematodes. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 14, 339–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, (1980) Distribution of helminths in the digestive tracts of New Zealand freshwater eels. 3. Interspecific associations and conclusions. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 14, 349–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hixon, M. A. and Webster, M. S. (2002). Density dependence in reef fish populations. In , ed., Coral Reef Fishes. Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem. Amsterdam, Academic Press, pp. 303–325.Google Scholar
and (2002). Competition for shelter space causes density-dependent predation mortality in damselfishes. Ecology 83, 2855–2868.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1973). Site selection by parasitic helminths: interspecific interactions, site segregation, and their importance to the development of helminth communities. Canadian Journal of Zoology 51, 333–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1987). The structure of helminth communities. International Journal for Parasitology 17, 203–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmes, J. C.(1990). Helminth communities in marine fishes. In , and , eds., Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes. London, New York, Chapman and Hall, pp. 101–130.Google Scholar
Holmes, J. C. and Price, P. W. (1986). Communities of parasites. In and , eds., Community Ecology: Pattern and Process. Melbourne, Blackwell Scientific Publishing, pp. 187–213.Google Scholar
and (1993). Comment arising from a paper by Wolda and Dennis: using and interpreting the results of tests for density dependence. Oecologia 95, 592–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1980). Seed predation and the coexistence of tree species in tropical forests. Oikos 35, 214–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubbell, S. P.(2001). The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.
Hubbell, S. P. and Foster, R. B. (1986). Biology, chance, and history and the structure of tropical rain forest tree communities. In and , eds., Community Ecology. New York, Harper and Row, pp. 314–329.Google Scholar
Hubbell, S. P., Condit, R. and Foster, R. B. (1990). Presence and absence of density dependence in a neotropical tree community. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London Series B330, 269–281.CrossRef
, , , , , , and (1999). Light gap disturbances, recruitment limitation, and tree diversity in a neotropical forest. Science 283, 554–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1958). Experimental studies on predation: dispersion factors and predator–prey oscillations. Hilgardia 27, 343–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003). Climate change and Australia: trends, projections and impacts. Australian Ecology 28, 423–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2002). Biodiversity hotspots, centres of endemicity, and the conservation of coral reefs. Ecology Letters 5, 775–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1948). Circular causal systems in ecology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 50, 221–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1957). Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbour Symposium on Quantitative Biology 22, 415–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1959). Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals?American Naturalist 93, 145–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1991). Extinctions: a paleontological perspective. Science 253, 754–757.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1993). The tropics as a source of evolutionary novelty through geological time. Nature 364, 142–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1996). Paleobiology, community ecology, and scales of ecological pattern. Ecology 77, 1367–1378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , and (2003). The impact of the pull of the Recent on the history of marine diversity. Science 300, 1133–1135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1992). The roles of ecological and evolutionary influences in providing structure to parasite species assemblages. Journal of Parasitology 78, 630–640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , , and (1995). Species density distributions as null models for ecologically significant interactions of parasite species in an assemblage. Ecological Modelling 77, 189–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2004). Reproductive barriers between congeneric monogenean parasites (Dactylogyrus: Monogenea): attachment apparatus morphology or copulatory organ incompatibility?Parasitology Research 92, 95–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1981). The effects of provision of food in winter on a population of the Great Tit Parus major and the Blue Tit P. caeruleus. Ornis Scandinaviae 12, 244–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamegai, S. (1986). Studies on Diplozoon nipponicum Goto, 1891. The gathering phenomenon of diporpae and the effect of cortisone acetate on the union of diporpae. In , ed., Parasitology-Quo Vadit 2. Handbook, program and abstracts. 6th International Congress of Parasitology, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, p. 161.Google Scholar
, and (2004). Energy gradients and the geographical distribution of local ant diversity. Oecologia 140, 407–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1993). The Origins of Order. Self-organization and Selection in Evolution. New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(2002). Character displacement in giant rhinoceros beetles. American Naturalist 159, 255–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1970). The production, transfer and assimilation of spermatophores by Entobdella soleae, a monogenean kin parasite of the common sole. Parasitology 60, 301–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988). The monogenean skin parasite Entobdella soleae: movement of adults and juveniles from host to host (Solea solea). International Journal for Parasitology 18, 313–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985). Site segregation by species of Acanthocephala in fish, with special reference to eels, Anguilla anguilla. Parasitology 90, 375–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, C. R.(1990). Helminth communities in freshwater fish: structured communities or stochastic assemblages. In , and , eds., Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes. London, New York, Chapman and Hall, pp. 131–156.Google Scholar
(1992). Field evidence for interactions between the acanthocephalans Acanthocephalus anguillus and A. luci in eels Anguilla anguilla. Ecological Parasitology 11, 122–134.Google Scholar
(1995). Richness and diversity of macroparasite communities in tropical eels Anguilla reinhardtii in Queensland, Australia. Parasitology 111, 233–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , (1994). Regional versus local helminth parasite richness in British freshwater fish: saturated or unsaturated parasite communities?Parasitology 109, 175–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1996). The number of niches in intestinal helminth communities of Anguilla anguilla: are there enough spaces for parasites?Parasitology 113, 293–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1997). Composition and structure of helminth communities in eels Anguilla anguilla from Italian lagoons. Journal of Helminthology 71, 35–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982). Density-dependent mechanisms in the regulation of intestinal helminth populations. Parasitology 84, 573–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiener, A. and Richard-Vindard, G. (1972). Fishes of the continental waters of Madagascar. In and , eds., Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar. The Hague, W. Junk B.V. Publishing, pp. 477–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1983). The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. New York, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, M. (2003). Faunal survey. II. The distribution of digenean trematodes within the New England Tablelands. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum.
(2000). Why are there global gradients in species richness? Mountains might hold the answer. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15, 513–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985). Ecology. The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. New York, Harper and Row.Google Scholar
(1991). The experimental paradigm and long-term population studies. Ibis 133, 3–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Ecology: the Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. 5th edn. San Francisco, Addison Wesley.Google Scholar
, and (2002). Spatial and temporal variations in the trematode component community of the mudsnail Hydrobia ventrosa in relation to the occurrence of waterfowl as definitive hosts. Journal of Parasitology 88, 1075–1086.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuris, A. M. (1990). Guild structure of larval trematodes in molluscan hosts: prevalence, dominance and significance of competition. In , and , eds., Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes. London, Chapman and Hall, pp. 69–100.Google Scholar
and (1994). Community structure: larval trematodes in snail hosts. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25, 189–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1994). Analysis of larval trematode communities. Ecology 75, 2275–2285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, A. and Maillard, C. (1974). Parasitisme branchial simultane par deux especies de Diplectanum Diesing, 1858 (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea) chez Dicentrarchus labrax (L., 1758) (Teleosteen). Comptes Rendus Academie de Sciences, Paris, 279 (D), 1345–1347.
Lambert, A. and Maillard, C.(1975). Repartition branchiale de deux monogenes: Diplectanum aequans (Wagener 1857) Diesing, 1858 et Diplectanum laubieri Lambert et Maillard, 1974 (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea) parasites simultanes de Dicentrarchus labrax (teleosteen). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee50, 691–699.CrossRef
and (1993). Global patterns of tree species richness in moist forests: energy-diversity theory does not account for variation in tree species richness. Oikos 67, 325–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982). Vacant niches and unsaturated communities: a comparison of bracken herbivores at sites on two continents. Journal of Animal Ecology 51, 573–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawton, J. H.(1984a). Herbivore community organization: general models and specific tests with phytophagous insects. In , and , eds., A New Ecology. Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. New York, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 329–352.Google Scholar
Lawton, J. H.(1984b). Non-competitive populations, non-convergent communities, and vacant niches: the herbivores of bracken. In , , and , eds., Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, pp. 67–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2000). Community Ecology in a Changing World. Nordbünte, Oldendorf, Ecology Institute.Google Scholar
Lawton, J. H., and MacGarvin, M. (1986). The organization of herbivore communities. In and , eds., Community Ecology: Pattern and Process. Melbourne, Blackwell Scientific Publishing, pp. 163–186.Google Scholar
and (1981). Community patterns and competition in folivorous insects. American Naturalist 118, 317–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawton, J. H., Lewinsohn, T. M. and Compton, S. G. (1993). Patterns of diversity for insect herbivores on bracken. In and , eds., Species Diversity in Ecological Communities. Historical and Geographical Perspectives. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, pp. 178–184.Google Scholar
, , , and (2004). Competition and mutualism among the gut helminths of a mammalian host. Nature 428, 840–845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1968). The effect of varying the initial numbers on the outcome of competition between two Tribolium species. Journal of Animal Ecology 37, 9–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1974). Gyrodactylus alexanderi: reproduction, mortality, and effect on its host Gasterosteus aculeatus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 52, 827– 833.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1970). Community equilibria and stability, and an extension of the competitive exclusion principle. American Naturalist 104, 413–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998). Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems. Ecosystems 1, 431–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2000). Multiple scales and the maintenance of biodiversity. Ecosystems 3, 498–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1974). Disturbance, patch formation, and community structure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 71, 2744–2747.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1981). Selection of intermediate rates of increase in parasite–host systems. American Naturalist 117, 308–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Likens, G. E. (1975). Primary production of inland ecosystems. In and , eds., Primary Productivity in the Biosphere. Berlin, Springer Verlag, pp. 185–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1999). Phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes and the evolution of parasitism. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 68, 257–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Niche separation in sympatric jackals (Canis mesomelas and Canis adustus). Journal of Zoology (London) 259, 143–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1985). Temporal and spatial variability in insect grazing of the canopies of five Australian rainforest species. Australian Journal of Ecology 10, 7–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Short-term temporal patterns of early recruitment of coral reef fishes in the tropical eastern Pacific. Marine Biology 142, 399–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972). Geographic Ecology: Patterns in the Distribution of Species. New York, Harper and Row.Google Scholar
and (1967). The limiting similarity, convergence and divergence of coexisting species. American Naturalist 101, 377–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1963). An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography. Evolution 17, 373–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacArthur, R. H. and Wilson, E. O.(1967). The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.
(1984). Divergent structure in fish taxocenes of north temperate streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 41, 330–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1993) What metazoan parasites tell us about the evolution of American and European eels. Evolution 47, 1632–1635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1996) On the distribution and abundance of eel parasites in Nova Scotia: influence of pH. Journal of Parasitology 82, 389–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1998). Comparison of richness and diversity of macroparasite communities among eels from Nova Scotia, the United Kingdom and Australia. Parasitology 116, 73–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2004). Latitudinal variation in genetic divergence of populations and the potential for future speciation. Evolution 58, 938–945.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1993). Body size, metabolic rate, generation time, and the molecular clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 90, 4087–4091.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1995). First survey of insects feeding on Pteridium aquilinum in Brazil. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 39, 151–156.Google Scholar
(1973). Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
(1986). The search for patterns in the balance of nature: advances and retreats. Ecology 67, 1115–1126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1978). Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interactions. II. Destabilizing processes. Journal of Animal Ecology 47, 249–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1972). Niche overlap as a function of environmental variability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 69, 1109–1113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayr, E. (1976). Bird speciation in the tropics. In , ed., Evolution and the Diversity of Life. Cambridge Mass. and London, Belknap Press, pp. 176–187.Google Scholar
(2003). A test of the unified neutral theory of biodiversity. Nature 422, 881–885.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1996). When history matters: scale, time, climate and tree diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 5, 309–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987). Pluralism in ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18, 321–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middleton, D. (1993). Persistence of managed populations: simple models and an application to the Islay Barnacle Goose population. Dissertation. Department of Statistics and Modelling Science. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland (cit. Murdock 1994).
(1967). Pattern and Process in Competition. Advances in Ecological Research 4, London, Academic Press, pp. 1–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1996). The effects of disturbance architecture on landscape-level population dynamics. Ecology 77, 375–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1994). Metabolic rate, generation time and the rate of molecular evolution in birds. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution 3, 344–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , and (2003). Patterns and processes in reef fish diversity. Nature 42, 933–936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1999). Aggregation and species coexistence of ectoparasites of marine fishes. International Journal for Parasitology 29, 663–672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2002). Order in parasite communities of marine fish is explained by epidemiological processes. Parasitology 124, S57–S63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2003), How parasites divide resources: a test of the niche apportionment hypothesis. Journal of Animal Ecology 72, 757–764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1987). Morphological assortment in introduced Hawaiian passerines. Evolutionary Ecology 1, 113–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyle, P. B. and Herbold, B. (1987). Life-history patterns and community structure in stream fishes of western North America: comparisons with eastern North America and Europe. In , and , eds., Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, pp. 25–32.Google Scholar
Myers, N. (1997). The niche diversity of biodiversity issues. In , and , eds., Biodiversity II. Understanding and Perfecting our Biological Resources. Washington, Joseph Henry Press, pp. 125–138.Google Scholar
(1997). A simple population model with qualitatively uncertain dynamics. Journal of Theoretical Biology 189, 399–411CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nichols, S. P. (1996). Nematodes of rabbits and hares of eastern Australia. BSc. Honours thesis, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
(1933). The balance of animal populations. Journal of Animal Ecology 2, 132–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1954). An outline of the dynamics of animal populations. Australian Journal of Zoology 2, 9–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1993). Echinostoma trivolvis: mating behavior of adults raised in hamsters. Parasitology Research 79, 130–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2003). Parasite infracommunity diversity in eels: a reflection of local component community diversity. Parasitology 127, 475–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (2002). Low host specificity of herbivorous insects in a tropical forest. Nature 416, 841–844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1994). Superinfection, metapopulation dynamics, and the evolution of diversity. Journal of Theoretical Biology 170, 95–114.Google Scholar
, , and (1998). Non-interactive fish communities in the coastal streams of North-western France. Journal of Animal Ecology 67, 472–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1962). Natural selection and ecological theory. American Naturalist 46, 257–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2002). Transient dynamics in metapopulation response to perturbation. Theoretical Population Biology 61, 285–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2002). Advances in ecological understanding: by Kuhnian revolution or conceptual evolution?Ecology 83, 1553–1559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pandian, T. J. and Vivekanadan, E. (1985). Energetics of feeding and digestion. In and , eds., Fish Energetics – New Perspectives. London, Croom Helm, pp. 99–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1954). Experimental studies of interspecies competition. II. Temperature, humidity, and competition in two species of Tribolium. Physiological Zoology 27, 177–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pence, D. B. (1990). Helminth communities of mammalian hosts: concepts at the infracommunity, component and compound community. In , and , eds., Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes. London, New York, Chapman and Hall, pp. 233–260.Google Scholar
, and (1989). The maintenance of species diversity by disturbance. Quarterly Review of Biology 64, 393–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1973). The structure of lizard communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4, 53–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1980). Non-equilibrium coexistence of plants. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 107, 238–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978). An experimental approach to the effects of predictability on community structure. American Zoologist 18, 797–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Host introductions and the geography of parasite taxonomic diversity. Journal of Biogeography 30, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1997). Comparing the richness of metazoan ectoparasite communities of marine fishes: controlling for host phylogeny. Oecologia 110, 278–283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (2003). The relationship between species richness and productivity in parasite communities. Oecologia 137, 277–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1977). General concepts of the evolutionary biology of parasites. Evolution 31, 405–420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1980). Evolutionary Biology of Parasites. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
Price, P. W.(1983). Communities of specialists: Vacant niches in ecological and evolutionary time. In , and , eds., Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Price, P. W.(1984). Alternative paradigms in community ecology. In , and , eds., A New Ecology. Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 353–383.Google Scholar
Price, P. W., Gaud, W. S, and Slobodchikoff, C. N. (1984). Introduction: is there a new ecology? In , and , eds., A New Ecology. Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. New York, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 1–11.Google Scholar
, and , eds., (1984). A New Ecology. Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. New York, John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Priddle, D. (1987). The mobility and habitat utilisation of kangaroos. In , and , eds., Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 100–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1971). The feeding ecology of five sympatric finch species. Ecology 52, 557–566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1993). Captive breeding – a useful tool in the preservation of biodiversity?Biodiversity and Conservation 2, 428–437.Google Scholar
and (2001). Multiscale assessment of patterns of avian species richness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 98, 4534–4539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1985). Microhabitats of gill parasites (Monogenea and Copepoda of teleosts (Scomberoides spp.)). International Journal for Parasitology 15, 385–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1926). Die Grundgesetzmässigkeiten im Aufbau der Vegetationsdecke. Botanisches Centralblatt, N.F. 7, 453–455.Google Scholar
(1976a). Insect plant patterns and relationships in the stem-boring guild. American Midland Naturalist 99, 98–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1976b). Competition and coexistence within a guild of herbivorous insects. Ecology 57, 76–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rensch, B. (1954). Neuere Probleme der Abstammungslehre. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart.
(2004). A comprehensive framework for global patterns in biodiversity. Ecology Letters 7, 11–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1999). Spatial scaling laws yield a synthetic theory of biodiversity. Nature 400, 557–562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1991). Increases in surgeonfish populations after mass mortality of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum in Panama indicate food limitation. Marine Biology 11, 437–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). Competitive ability and the potential for lotteries among territorial reef fishes. Oecologia 103, 180–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1996). Interspecific competition controls abundance and habitat use of territorial Caribbean damselfishes. Ecology 77, 885–899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Population maintenance among tropical reef fishes: inferences from small-island endemics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, 5667–5670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1986). Interference competition structures habitat use in a local assemblage of coral reef surgeonfishes. Ecology 67, 1372–1383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1987). The environment of the Australian sheep rangelands. In Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 14–34.Google Scholar
(1968). Die Entwicklung von Multicotyle purvisi. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 30, 278–280.Google Scholar
(1972). The Aspidogastrea, especially Multicotyle purvisi Dawes 1941. Advances in Parasitology 10, 77–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1973). Structure and development of Lobatostoma manteri sp.nov. (Trematoda, Aspidogastrea) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Parasitology 66, 63–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1975). Early development and pathogenesis of Lobatostoma manteri Rohde (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea). International Journal for Parasitology 5, 597–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1976b). Monogenean gill parasites of Scomberomorus commersoni Lacépède and other mackerel on the Australian east coast. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 51, 49–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohde, K.(1977a). Species diversity of monogenean gill parasites of fish on the Great Barrier Reef. Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium Miami-Florida, pp. 585–591.
(1977b). A non-competitive mechanism responsible for restricting niches. Zoologischer Anzeiger 199, 164–172.Google Scholar
(1977c). Habitat partitioning in Monogenea of marine fishes. Heteromicrocotyla australiensis, sp. nov. and Heteromicrocotyloides mirabilis, gen. and sp. nov. (Heteromicrocotylidae) on the gills of Carangoides emburyi (Carangidae) on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 53, 171–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1978a). Latitudinal differences in species diversity and their causes. I. A review of the hypotheses explaining the gradients. Biologisches Zentralblatt 97, 393–403.Google Scholar
(1978b). Latitudinal gradients in species diversity and their causes. II. Marine parasitological evidence for a time hypothesis. Biologisches Zentralblatt 97, 405–418.Google Scholar
(1978c). Latitudinal differences in host specificity of marine Monogenea and Digenea. Marine Biology 47, 125–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979a). A critical evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors responsible for niche restriction in parasites. American Naturalist 114, 648–671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979b). The buccal organ of some Monogenea Popyopisthocotylea. Zoologica Scripta 8, 161–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1980a). Warum sind ökologische Nischen begrenzt? Zwischenartlicher Antagonismus oder innerartlicher Zusammenhalt?Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 33, 98–102.Google Scholar
(1980b). Comparative studies on microhabitat utilization by ectoparasites of some marine fishes from the North Sea and Papua New Guinea. Zoologischer Anzeiger 204, 27–63.Google Scholar
(1980c). Diversity gradients of marine Monogenea in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Experientia 36, 1368–1369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohde, K.(1980d). Species diversification, with special reference to parasites. Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Australian Society for Parasitology, Adelaide.
(1980e). Host specificity indices of parasites and their application. Experientia 36, 1369–1371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981a). Niche width of parasites in species-rich and species-poor communities. Experientia, 37, 359–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981b). Population dynamics of two snail species, Planaxis sulcatus and Cerithium moniliferum, and their trematode species at Heron island, Great Barrier Reef. Oecologia 49, 344–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982). Ecology of Marine Parasites. St. Lucia. Brisbane, University of Queensland Press.Google Scholar
Rohde, K.(1984). Ecology of marine parasites. In Kinne, O. and Bulnheim, H. P., eds., Diseases of Marine Organisms, Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 37, 5–33.CrossRef
(1985). Increased viviparity of marine parasites at high latitudes. Hydrobiologia 127, 197–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1986). Differences in species diversity of Monogenea between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Hydrobiologia 137, 21–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1989). Simple ecological systems, simple solutions to complex problems? Evolutionary Theory 8, 305–350.Google Scholar
(1991). Intra- and interspecific interactions in low density populations in resource-rich habitats. Oikos 60, 91–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1992). Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: the search for the primary cause. Oikos 65, 514–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohde, K.(1993). Ecology of Marine Parasites. 2nd edn. Wallingford, UK, CAB – International (Commonwealth Bureaux of Agriculture).
(1994a). Niche restriction in parasites: proximate and ultimate causes. Parasitology 109, S69–S84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1994b). The minor groups of parasitic Platyhelminthes. Advances in Parasitology 33, 145–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1997). The larger area in the tropics does not explain latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Oikos 79, 169–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998a). Latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Area matters, but how much? Oikos 82, 184–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1998b). Is there a fixed number of niches for endoparasites of fish? International Journal for Parasitology 28, 1861–1865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohde, K.(1999). Latitudinal gradients in species diversity and Rapoport's rule revisited: a review of recent work, and what can parasites teach us about the causes of the gradients? Ecography, 22, 593–613 (invited Minireview on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Nordic Ecological Society Oikos). Also published in , ed., Ecology 1999 and Tomorrow. University of Lund, Sweden, Oikos Editorial Office, pp. 73–93.Google Scholar
(2001a). Spatial scaling laws may not apply to most animal species. Oikos 93, 499–504CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohde, K.(2001b). The Aspidogastrea: an archaic group of Platyhelminthes. In and , eds., Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. London and New York, Taylor and Francis, pp. 159–167.Google Scholar
Rohde, K.(2001c). Parasitism. In ed., Encyclopedia of Biodiversity Vol. I. New York, Academic Press, pp. 463–484.Google Scholar
(2002). Ecology and biogeography of marine parasites. Advances in Marine Biology 43, 1–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rohde, K.(2005b). Eine neue Ökologie. Aktuelle Probleme der evolutionären Ökologie. Naturwissen schaftliche Rundschau (in press).
and (2000). Oceanic barriers as indicated by scombrid fishes and their parasites. International Journal for Parasitology 30, 579–583.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1998). Latitudinal differences in species and community richness and in community structure of metazoan endo- and ectoparasites of marine teleost fish. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 461–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rohde, K. and Hobbs, R. (1986). Species segregation: Competition or reinforcement of reproductive barriers? In , and , eds., Parasite lives. Papers on Parasites, their Hosts and their Association to Honour J. F. A. Sprent. St. Lucia, London, New York, University of Queensland Press, pp. 89–199.Google Scholar
and (1988) Rarity in marine Monogenea. Does an Allee-effect or parasite-induced mortality explain truncated frequency distributions? Biologisches Zentralblatt 107, 327–338.Google Scholar
and (2001). Fuzzy chaos: reduced chaos in the combined dynamics of several independently chaotic populations. American Naturalist 158, 553–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rohde, K. and Rohde, P. P.(2005). The ecological niches of parasites. In: Rohde, K. ed., Marine Parasitology. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne (in press).
, and (1994). A tropical assemblage of ectoparasites: gill and head parasites of Lethrinus miniatus (Teleostei, Lethrinidae). International Journal for Parasitology 24, 1031–1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1995). Aspects of the ecology of metazoan ectoparasites of marine fishes. International Journal for Parasitology 25, 945–970.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1980). Ectoparasitic Monogenea, Digenea, and Copepoda from the gills of some marine fishes of New Caledonia and New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 14, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (1998). Nestedness in assemblages of metazoan ecto- and endoparasites of marine fish. International Journal for Parasitology 28, 543–549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1995). Species Diversity in Space and Time. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1997). Species diversity and latitude: listening to area's signal. Oikos 80, 172–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1970). Population ecology of desert rodent communities: body size and seed-husking as bases for heteromyid coexistence. Ecology 51, 217–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1999). The echo pattern of species diversity: pattern and processes. Oikos 22, 614–628.Google Scholar
(1979). The taxonomy and site specificity of the ectoparasitic metazoans on the black bream, Acanthopagrus australis (Günther), in northern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplement 84.Google Scholar
Roughgarden, J. (1989). The structure and assembly of communities. In , and , eds., Perspectives in Ecological Theory. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, pp. 203–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1998). Marine latitudinal diversity gradients: tests of causal hypotheses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 95, 3699–3702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1981) Fundamental concepts and methodology for the analysis of animal population dynamics, with special reference to univoltine species. Ecological Monographs 51, 473–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1977). Maintenance of high diversity in coral reef fish communities. American Naturalist 111, 337–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sale, P. F.(1991). Reef fish communities: open nonequilibrial systems. In , ed., The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 564–598.Google Scholar
Sale, P. F.(2002). The science we need to develop more effective management. In , ed., Coral Reef Fishes. Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem. Amsterdam, Academic Press, pp. 361–376.Google Scholar
, ed. (2002). Coral reef fishes. Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem. Amsterdam, Academic Press.Google Scholar
and (2000). Density-dependence at some time and place? Oecologia 124, 166–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , and (1984) Large scale spatial and temporal variation in recruitment to fish populations on coral reefs. Oecologia 64, 191–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1962). Gause's hypothesis in relation to the oxyuroid populations of Testudo graeca. Journal of Parasitology 48, 36.Google Scholar
(1963). Niche diversification in a parasitic species flock. Nature 198, 404–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1983). Field experiments on interspecific competition. American Naturalist 122, 240–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoener, T. W.(1986a). Overview: kinds of ecological communities-ecology becomes pluralistic. In and , eds., Community Ecology. New York, Harper and Row, pp. 467–479.Google Scholar
Schoener, T. W.(1986b). Resource partitioning. In and , eds., Community Ecology: Pattern and Process. Melbourne, Blackwell Scientific Publishing, pp. 91–126.Google Scholar
Shepherd, J. G. and Cushing, D. H. (1990). Regulation in fish populations: myth or mirage In Hassell, M. P. and May, R. M., eds., Population, Regulation and Dynamics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B330, 151–164.
Short, J. (1987). Factors affecting food intake of rangeland herbivores. In , and , eds., Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 84–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2000). Dispersal limitation, invasion resistance, and the structure of pond zooplankton communities. Ecology 81, 3074–3086.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shurin, J. B. and Srivastava, D. S. (in press) New perspectives on local and regional diversity: Beyond saturation. In , and eds., Metacommunities. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press.
, , and (2000). Local and regional zooplankton species richness: a scale-independent test for saturation. Ecology 81, 3062–3072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1990). Phylogeny and Classification of Birds. A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
, and (2003). Population regulation of a dominant rain forest tree by a major seed predator. Ecology 84, 431–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1980). The dynamics of a grassland ecosystem: botanical equilibrium in the park grassland experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology 17, 491–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2001). Introduction to Plant Population Biology. 4th edn. Oxford, Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
(1974). Equilibrium theory of island biogeography and ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5, 161–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1976). Species turnover and equilibrium island biogeography. Science 194, 572–578.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1978). Using island biogeographic distributions to determine if colonisation is stochastic. American Naturalist 112, 713–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1970). Experimental zoogeography of islands. A two-year record of colonization. Ecology 51, 934–937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2000). Co-existence of nine gill ectoparasites (Dactylogyus: Monogenea) parasitising the roach Rutilus rutilus (L.): history and present ecology. International Journal for Parasitology 30, 1077–1088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2001a). Order and disorder in ectoparasite communities: the case of congeneric gill monogeneans (Dactylogyrus spp.). International Journal for Parasitology 31, 1205–1210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2001b). Aggregation of congeneric parasites (Monogenea: Dactylogyrus). Parasitology 123, 599–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2001c). Morphometric correlates of host specificity in Dactylogyrus species (Monogenea) parasites of European Cyprinid fish. Parasitology 123, 169–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (2002). Morphology and coexistence of congeneric ectoparasite species: reinforcement of reproductive isolation? Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 76, 125–135.Google Scholar
Sinclair, A. R. E. (1979). The eruption of the ruminants. In and , eds., Serengeti – the Dynamics of an Ecosystem. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, pp. 82–103.Google Scholar
(1985). Does interspecific competition or predation shape the African ruminant community? Journal of Animal Ecology 54, 899–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (1993). How much do we know about the current extinction rate? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8, 375–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sousa, W. P. (1990). Spatial scale and the processes structuring a guild of larval trematode parasites. In , and , eds., Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes. London, New York, Chapman and Hall, pp. 41–67.Google Scholar
(1992). Interspecific interactions among larval trematode parasites of freshwater and marine snails. American Zoologist 32, 583–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1993). Interspecific antagonism and species coexistence in a diverse guild of larval trematode parasites. Ecological Monographs 63, 103–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Using local-regional richness plots to test for species saturation: pitfalls and potentials. Journal of Animal Ecology 68, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1997). Spore-feeding: a new, regionally vacant niche for bracken herbivores. Ecological Entomology 22, 475–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2005). Evolutionary ecology in-silico: evolving food webs, migrating population and speciation. Physica A 352, 202–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). Prehistoric extinctions of Pacific island birds. Biodiversity meets zooarchaeology. Science 267, 1123–1131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1969). Generation and maintenance of gradients in taxonomic diversity. Science 164, 947–949.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1989). The latitudinal gradients in geographical range: how so many species co-exist in the tropics. American Naturalist 133, 240–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiassny, M. L. J. and Raminosoa, N. (1994). The fishes of the inland waters of Madagascar. In , and , eds., Biological Diversity in African Fresh- and Brackish Water Fishes. Tervuren, Belgique, Annales Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, pp. 133–149.Google Scholar
Strong, D. R., Jr. (1981). The possibility of insect communities without competition.: Hispine beetles on Heliconia. In and , eds., Insect Life History Patterns: Habitat and Geographic Variation, New York, Springer-Verlag, pp. 183–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strong, D. R., Jr.(1984). Density-vague ecology and liberal population regulation in insects. In , and , eds., A New Ecology. Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 313–327.Google Scholar
, and (1979). Tests of community-wide character displacement against null hypotheses. Evolution 33, 897–913.Google ScholarPubMed
, and (1984). Insects on Plants. Community Patterns and Mechanisms. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific.Google Scholar
Sugihara, G., Grenfell, B. and May, R. M. (1990). Distinguishing error from chaos in ecological time. In Hassell, M. P. and May, R. M., eds., Population, Regulation and Dynamics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B330, 235–251.
and (2003). Comparative foraging ecology of five sympatric terns at a sub-tropical island in the eastern Indian Ocean. Journal of Zoology (London) 259, 219–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarr, H. L. A. (1969). Contrast between fish and warm blooded vetebrates in enzyme systems of intermediary metabolism. In and , eds., Fish in Research. New York, Academic Press, pp. 155–174.Google Scholar
and (1977). Sympatric speciation based on allelic changes in three loci: evidence from natural populations in two habitats. Science 197, 1298–1299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1987). Food specificity in predaceous insects: a comparative ecophysiological and genetic study. Evolutionary Ecology 1, 175–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1973). On the notion of favourableness in plant ecology. American Naturalist 107, 481–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1980). Saturation of bird communities in the West Indies. American Naturalist 116, 178–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1969). Colonization of secondary habitats by Peruvian birds. Ecology 50, 765–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1982). Resource Competition and Community Structure. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Google ScholarPubMed
and (1997). Spatial Ecology: The Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. Monographs in Population Biology, no. 30. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Tilman, D., Lehman, C. L. and Kareiva, P. (1997). Population dynamics in spatial habitats. In and , eds., Spatial Ecology: the Role of Space in Population Dynamics and Interspecific Interactions. Monographs in Population Biology, no. 30. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, pp. 3–20.Google Scholar
, and (1935). Über die Natur der Genmutation und der Genstruktur. Nachrichten aus der Biologie der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Göttingen 1, 189–245.Google Scholar
(1990). Niche apportionment or random assortment: species abundance patterns. Journal of Animal Ecology 59, 1129–1146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1999). Species Coexistence: Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives. Oxford, Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
, , and (1990). Intercontinental comparison of small-lake fish assemblages: the balance between local and regional processes. American Naturalist 136, 345–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torchin M. and Kuris A. (2005). Introduced parasites and the use of parasites for controlling introduced pest species. In , ed. Marine Parasites. An Introduction, Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing.
, , , and (2003). Introduced species and their missing parasites. Nature 421, 628–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
. and (1998). Evolution of freshwater eels of the genus Anguilla: a probable scenario. Environmental Biology of Fishes 52, 139–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2002) Migration, speciation, and the evolution of diadromy in anguillid eels. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 59, 1989–1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turchin, P. (1995). Population regulation: old arguments and a new synthesis. In and , eds., Population Dynamics: New Approaches and Synthesis. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 19–41.Google Scholar
, and (1994). Swallowtail Butterflies of the Americas. Gainsville, Scientific Publishing.Google Scholar
Underwood, T. (1986). The analysis of competition by field experiments. In and , eds., Community Ecology: Pattern and Process. Melbourne, Blackwell Scientific Publishing, pp. 240–268.Google Scholar
, and (2003). Mollusc species diversity in the Southeastern Pacific: why are there more species towards the pole? Ecography 26, 129–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2002). Colonization rates and distances of a host butterfly and two specific parasitoids in a fragmented landscape. Journal of Animal Ecology 71, 639–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1947). The natural control of population balance in the knapweed gall-fly (Urophora jaceana). Journal of Animal Ecology 16, 139–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2001). Sympatric speciation in animals: the ugly duckling grows up. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16, 381–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and . (2003). Neutral theory and relative species abundance in ecology. Nature 424, 1035–1037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Von Bertalanffy, L.(1973). General System Theory. Harmondsworth, Penguin University Books.
, , , , , , and (1999). The relationship between productivity and species richness. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30, 257–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1979). Austrobilharzia terrigalensis: a schistosome dominant in interspecific interactions in a molluscan host. International Journal for Parasitology 9, 137–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1984). Equilibrium models of evolutionary diversity and the number of empty niches. American Naturalist 124, 887–899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walter, G. H. (1995). Species concepts and the nature of ecological generalizations about diversity. In and , eds., Speciation and the Recognition Concept. Baltimore and London, John Hopkins University Press, pp. 191–224.Google Scholar
and (2000). The structure of the two ecological paradigms. Acta Biotheoretica 48, 15–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1994). The implications of palaeontological evidence for theories of ecological communities and species richness. Australian Journal of Ecology 19, 241–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1995). Levels of understanding in ecology: interspecific competition and community ecology. Australian Journal of Ecology 20, 463–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkinson, A. R. (1997). Plant population dynamics. In , ed., Plant Ecology, 2nd edn. Oxford, Blackwell Science, pp. 359–400.Google Scholar
(2003). Temporal density dependence and population regulation in a marine fish. Ecology 84, 623–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1988). The population dynamics of reef fishes. Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium I, 144–155.Google Scholar
(1993). The Inadequate Environment: Nitrogen and the Abundance of Animals. Berlin, Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1974). Habitat heterogeneity and avian community structure in North American grasslands. American Midland Naturalist 91, 195–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiens, J. A.(1984). Resource systems, populations, and communities. In , and , eds., A New Ecology. Novel Approaches to Interactive Systems. New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 397–436.Google Scholar
Willig, M. R. (2001). Latitude, common trends within. In , ed., Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, vol.3. New York, Academic Press, pp. 701–714.Google Scholar
, and (2003). Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 34, 273–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975). The adequacy of body size as niche difference. American Naturalist 109, 769–784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. S.(1969). The species equilibrium. In and , eds., Diversity and Stability in Ecological Systems. Brookhaven Symposia in Biology, no.22. Upton, New York, Brookhaven National Laboratory, pp. 38–47.Google Scholar
and (1969). Experimental zoogeography of islands. Defaunation and monitoring techniques. Ecology 50, 267–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1986). Theory and Applications of Cellular Automata: Advanced Series on Complex Systems. Singapore, World Scientific Publishing.Google Scholar
Wolfram, S.(2002). A New Kind of Science. Champaign, Il., Wolfram Media Inc.
and (1996). Nested subset analysis of colonisation-dominated communities: metazoan ectoparasites of marine fish. Oikos 75, 471–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2003). Energy and the rate of evolution: inferences from plant rDNA substitution rates in the Western Pacific. Evolution 57, 2893–2898.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2002). Plant diversity in tropical forests: a review of mechanisms of species coexistence. Oecologia 130, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1962). Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
and (2002). A statistical thermodynamic model of the organizational order of vegetation. Ecological Modelling 153, 69–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1974a). Innerartliche Kommunikationssysteme bei Bohrfliegen. Biologie in unserer Zeit 6, 147–153.Google Scholar
(1974b). Das Treffpunkt-Prinzip als Kommunikationsstrategie und Isolationsmechanismus bei Bohrfliegen (Diptera: Trypetidae). Entomologia Germanica 1, 11–20.Google Scholar
and (1984). Sympatrische und parapatrische Artbildung. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 22, 211–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar