Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Ecology, sustainable development, and IPM: the human factor
- 2 From simple IPM to the management of agroecosystems
- 3 Populations, metapopulations: elementary units of IPM systems
- 4 Arthropod pest behavior and IPM
- 5 Using pheromones to disrupt mating of moth pests
- 6 Nutritional ecology of plant feeding arthropods and IPM
- 7 Conservation, biodiversity, and integrated pest management
- 8 Ecological risks of biological control agents: impacts on IPM
- 9 Ecology of natural enemies and genetically engineered host plants
- 10 Modeling the dynamics of tritrophic population interactions
- 11 Weed ecology, habitat management, and IPM
- 12 The ecology of vertebrate pests and integrated pest management (IPM)
- 13 Ecosystems: concepts, analyses, and practical implications in IPM
- 14 Agroecology: contributions towards a renewed ecological foundation for pest management
- 15 Applications of molecular ecology to IPM: what impact?
- 16 Ecotoxicology: The ecology of interactions between pesticides and non-target organisms
- Index
- References
2 - From simple IPM to the management of agroecosystems
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Ecology, sustainable development, and IPM: the human factor
- 2 From simple IPM to the management of agroecosystems
- 3 Populations, metapopulations: elementary units of IPM systems
- 4 Arthropod pest behavior and IPM
- 5 Using pheromones to disrupt mating of moth pests
- 6 Nutritional ecology of plant feeding arthropods and IPM
- 7 Conservation, biodiversity, and integrated pest management
- 8 Ecological risks of biological control agents: impacts on IPM
- 9 Ecology of natural enemies and genetically engineered host plants
- 10 Modeling the dynamics of tritrophic population interactions
- 11 Weed ecology, habitat management, and IPM
- 12 The ecology of vertebrate pests and integrated pest management (IPM)
- 13 Ecosystems: concepts, analyses, and practical implications in IPM
- 14 Agroecology: contributions towards a renewed ecological foundation for pest management
- 15 Applications of molecular ecology to IPM: what impact?
- 16 Ecotoxicology: The ecology of interactions between pesticides and non-target organisms
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
In this brief essay I want to highlight some of the changes that have taken place in integrated pest management (IPM) over recent decades or that may become more important in our work:
from “magic bullet” to community level protection grounded in ecological theory
invasibility
from local to regional control of pests and vectors
redefining pest and disease resistance
preparing for uncertainty
relaxing the boundary conditions: from protecting a given crop or farm to asking what kind of agriculture is compatible with gentle technology and sustainability
the breeding of support species and guiding herbivore evolution
commercialization of IPM
a research perspective.
Early IPM was aimed at reducing the use of pesticides, especially the most toxic ones. Biological control was an obvious answer to the problem. Even before natural enemies could be used to replace the chemicals, ideas such as damage threshold or economic threshold allowed decisions to be made in each cropping season rather than by a fixed calendar schedule for spraying. This led to many ingenious monitoring methods to determine when intervention was required. Meanwhile, researchers sought out natural enemies of the pests and attempted to introduce them either to become established members of the community or through repeated release. Introduction of natural enemies is the stage of input substitution, in which a specific agent is used to control a particular pest. These biological agents were clearly gentler toward the environment and toward farm workers than the chemical pesticides but were conceptually similar and have been regarded as pesticides with wings, another kind of magic bullet.
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- Chapter
- Information
- Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2007
References
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