Introduction

The function of policy analysis and performance auditing (since the 1990s) has been well developed over time in the Netherlands. This chapter describes how policy advice is generated and used at the ‘highest level’, that is, the Council of State and the Netherlands Court of Audit (Algemene Rekenkamer; ARK), which have long played an important role in attempting to improve policy analysis, evaluation and performance budgeting (Sterck et al, 2006). Whereas many of the institutions involved in policy analysis that are discussed in other chapters have their roots in the 20th century (see Chapter Nine), these two institutions (especially the Council of State) have much longer roots in Dutch history. In spite of, or perhaps rather because of, their long history, the role of these institutions for Dutch politics and policymakers remains highly relevant. In addition, attention will be given to the role of the National Ombudsman regarding policy analysis and research.

The chapter describes both the ex ante and the ex post dimension of these institutions: before decision-making in Parliament and after a programme has been implemented (see also Chapter Six). The main question is: how do these important institutions provide the thorough policy analysis and evaluation function that can be expected at this high level of national government? In addition to a description of their approaches and examples of their reports, the ambition to be both factual and responsive to society's needs and the use of open data and new media will be discussed.

Policy analysis and policy evaluation in the Netherlands at the highest level: setting the stage

The ARK has an important ex post evaluation role. In general, the ARK investigates whether central government revenue and expenditure are received and spent correctly and whether central government policy is implemented as intended. In its performance audits and evaluation studies, the ARK investigates whether the ministers’ policies are effective: do they produce the intended results? The ARK also audits the implementation of policy: does the minister do what has been agreed and are the results good for society. Government policy might not achieve the intended results for various reasons. In its analysis, the ARK tries to find explanations and identify trends.