Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gq7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T09:04:49.564Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Maritime relations between the Indian Ocean and the China Sea in the Middle Ages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2017

Angela Schottenhammer
Affiliation:
University of Salzburg
Get access

Summary

ABSTRACT. From the time of Antiquity, maritime relations were established between China, Southeast Asia and India. Aided by the expansion of Buddhism, these relations were in full development prior to the Muslim merchants imposing their presence as of the 7th century by means of the strong ties between the China of the Tang and the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. Under the Song, maritime commerce was liberalized. The Chinese spread through Southeast Asia; the port of Guangzhou was on the rise. For ideological reasons, the Ming forbade maritime commerce except for seven naval expeditions led by Zheng He in the 15th century to affirm Chinese domination over the seas.

RÉSUMÉ. Dès l'Antiquité, des relations maritimes se sont établies entre la Chine et l'Asie du Sud-est et l'Inde. Favorisées par l'expansion du bouddhisme, ces relations sont en plein essor, avant que les marchands musulmans s'imposent à partir du VIIe siècle, en instaurant des relations intenses entre la Chine des Tang et le califat abbasside et umayyade. Puis sous les Song, le commerce maritime est libéralisé : les Chinois se répandent en Asie du Sud-est ; le port de Guangzhou est en plein essor. Les Ming, pour des raisons idéologiques, interdisent le commerce maritime, à l'exception des sept expéditions navales conduites par Zheng He au XVe siècle, pour affirmer la domination chinoise des mers.

The China Sea was definitely already connected with the Indian Ocean in early antiquity. Indian ports, for example, served as important trans-shipment centres for trade between China and the markets in the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea since at least the first century B.C. But maritime relations were not yet routinized at that time. This situation gradually changed. The seafaring trade of the Roman Empire connected south-eastern Europe and the Orient with the west coast of India, the Red Sea to the Arabian Sea and ports in India, and from there links existed that led into the China Seas, even though they were not yet routine. From the Chinese perspective, the search for the riches of the south constituted a major motivation to look to the southern seas.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×