Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the new edition
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Economic and ideological power relations
- 3 A theory of the modern state
- 4 The Industrial Revolution and old regime liberalism in Britain, 1760–1880
- 5 The American Revolution and the institutionalization of confederal capitalist liberalism
- 6 The French Revolution and the bourgeois nation
- 7 Conclusion to Chapters 4–6: The emergence of classes and nations
- 8 Geopolitics and international capitalism
- 9 Struggle over Germany: I. Prussia and authoritarian national capitalism
- 10 Struggle over Germany: II. Austria and confederal representation
- 11 The rise of the modern state: I. Quantitative data
- 12 The rise of the modern state: II. The autonomy of military power
- 13 The rise of the modern state: III. Bureaucratization
- 14 The rise of the modern state: IV. The expansion of civilian scope
- 15 The resistible rise of the British working class, 1815–1880
- 16 The middle-class nation
- 17 Class struggle in the Second Industrial Revolution, 1880–1914: I. Great Britain
- 18 Class struggle in the Second Industrial Revolution, 1880–1914: II. Comparative analysis of working-class movements
- 19 Class struggle in the Second Industrial Revolution, 1880–1914: III. The peasantry
- 20 Theoretical conclusions: Classes, states, nations, and the sources of social power
- 21 Empirical culmination – over the top: Geopolitics, class struggle, and World War I
- Appendix: Additional tables on state finances and state employment
- Index
- References
4 - The Industrial Revolution and old regime liberalism in Britain, 1760–1880
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 July 2013
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the new edition
- Preface
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Economic and ideological power relations
- 3 A theory of the modern state
- 4 The Industrial Revolution and old regime liberalism in Britain, 1760–1880
- 5 The American Revolution and the institutionalization of confederal capitalist liberalism
- 6 The French Revolution and the bourgeois nation
- 7 Conclusion to Chapters 4–6: The emergence of classes and nations
- 8 Geopolitics and international capitalism
- 9 Struggle over Germany: I. Prussia and authoritarian national capitalism
- 10 Struggle over Germany: II. Austria and confederal representation
- 11 The rise of the modern state: I. Quantitative data
- 12 The rise of the modern state: II. The autonomy of military power
- 13 The rise of the modern state: III. Bureaucratization
- 14 The rise of the modern state: IV. The expansion of civilian scope
- 15 The resistible rise of the British working class, 1815–1880
- 16 The middle-class nation
- 17 Class struggle in the Second Industrial Revolution, 1880–1914: I. Great Britain
- 18 Class struggle in the Second Industrial Revolution, 1880–1914: II. Comparative analysis of working-class movements
- 19 Class struggle in the Second Industrial Revolution, 1880–1914: III. The peasantry
- 20 Theoretical conclusions: Classes, states, nations, and the sources of social power
- 21 Empirical culmination – over the top: Geopolitics, class struggle, and World War I
- Appendix: Additional tables on state finances and state employment
- Index
- References
Summary
The British paradox is laid out in Chapter 1: Britain pioneered the Industrial Revolution – the greatest surge in collective power in world history – yet its distributive power relations saw no revolution. On the mainland, excluding Ireland, there was gradual representative reform and national consolidation. Why?
Revisionist economic historians have offered the simplest solution to the paradox: They take “Revolution” out of the Industrial Revolution. Industrialization, they say, was also gradual, with only moderate structural change. Some Marxists also downplay industrialization, emphasizing the earlier transition from feudalism to capitalism, now ending with a shift from agrarian-commercial to commercial-industrial capitalism, disturbed by early proletarian stirrings (E. P. Thompson 1963). Whigs see a more diffuse evolutionary modernization, seeing industrial capitalism as interacting with the early achievement of civil rights and constitutional government to develop steadily greater citizenship and democracy (Plumb 1950: 140; Marshall 1963). Moore (1973: chapter 1) combines Whig and Marxian views: Britain evolved through reform to democracy because of the absence of a landholding nobility using labor-repressive agriculture and the presence of a large bourgeoisie. Marxists and Whigs believe industrial capitalism forced democracy on the state. Tories disagree: The old regime still commanded ideology and the state and extracted deference well into the nineteenth century. Its eventual decline came more through its own mistakes and divisions than through pressures exerted by industrial society (Moore 1976; Clark 1985).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Sources of Social Power , pp. 92 - 136Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2012
References
1972. The Turnpike Road System of England, 1763–1844. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1983. Riots and Community Politics in England and Wales, 17901810. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
1983. Marriage Settlements, 1601–1740: The Adoption of the Strict Settlement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1976. Party Ideology and Party Politics at the Accession of George III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1982. Commercialization and politics. In The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth Century England, ed. , , and . London: Europa Press.Google Scholar
1977. Aristocratic indebtedness in the nineteenth century: the case re-opened. Economic History Review 2nd ser., 30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jr. 1977. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
1962. Wilkes, Wyville and Reform: The Parliamentary Reform Movement in British Politics, 1760–1785. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
1984. Stress and Stability in Late Eighteenth Century Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
1986. Whose nation? Class and national consciousness in Britain, 1750–1785. Past and Present, no. 113.Google Scholar
1983. British economic growth, 1700–1831: a review of the evidence. Economic History Review 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1985. British Economic Growth During the Industrial Revolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
1962. The Development of the Provincial Newspaper, 1700–1760. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
1972. Capital formation in Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution. In his Capital Formation in the Industrial Revolution. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
1982. The Victorian Economy. London: Methuen.
, et al. 1977. Churches and Churchgoers: Patterns of Church Growth in the British Isles Since 1700. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
1986. The role of gender in the “first industrial nation,” agriculture in England 1780–1850. In Gender and Stratification, ed. and . Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
, and . 1967. British Economic Growth, 1688–1959. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1988. England. In Nationalism in the Age of the French Revolution, ed. and . London: Hambledon Press.Google Scholar
1967. The home market and economic growth in England, 1750–1880. In Land, Labour and Population in the Industrial Revolution, ed. and . London: Arnold.Google Scholar
1974. Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1986. Pillars of Government and Other Essays on State and Society, c1770–c1880. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
1976. Religion and Society in Industrial England: Church, Chapel and Social Change, 1740–1914. London: Longman Group.Google Scholar
1988. Capitalism and the countryside in early modern Europe: interpretations, models, debates. Agricultural History 62.Google Scholar
1982. British industrialization before 1841: evidence of slower growth during the Industrial Revolution. Journal of Economic History 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1976. The Electorate and the National Will in the First Age of Party. Inaugural lecture, University of Lancaster.
1982a. The development of literacy: northern England, 1640–1750. Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 35.Google Scholar
1982b. The literacy myth: illiteracy in Scotland, 1630–1760. Past and Present, no. 96.Google Scholar
1984. Capitalism Divided?: The City and Industry in British Social Development. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1967. Agricultural productivity and economic growth in England, 1700–1760. In Agriculture and Economic Growth in England 1650–1815, ed. . London: Methuen.Google Scholar
1967. The community library: a chapter in English social history. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1981. Servants in Husbandry in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1963. Quantitative aspects of the economic growth of nations: VIII – distribution of income by size. Economic Development and Cultural Change 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1969. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1986. The British Economy Since 1700: A Macroeconomic Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1973. Technological progress and the Industrial Revolution, 1700–1914. In The Fontana Economic History of Europe. Vol. 3: The Industrial Revolution, ed. . London: Fontana.Google Scholar
, and . 1982. Revising England's social tables, 1688–1812. Explorations in Economic History 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and 1983. Reinterpreting Britain's social tables, 1688–1913. Explorations in Economic History 20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1983. State Economic Planning in a Capitalist Society: The Political Sociology of Economic Policy in Britain, 1940–1979. Ph.D. diss., London School of Economics.
1985. The Industrial Revolution, 1780–1860: a survey. In The Economics of the Industrial Revolution, ed. . London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
1974. Home demand and economic growth: A new view of the role of women and children in the Industrial Revolution. In his Historical Perspectives. Studies in English Thought and Society. London: Europa Press.Google Scholar
1982. Commercialization and the economy. In The Birth of a Consumer Society, ed. , , and .Google Scholar
, , and , eds. The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth Century England. London: Europa Press.
1988a. The decline of Great Britain and 1988b. The roots and contradictions of modern capitalism. Both in my States, War and Capitalism. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
1963. Citizenship and social class. In his Sociology at the Crossroads. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
, and . 1976. Taxation in Britain and France, 1715–1810. Journal of European Economic History 5.Google Scholar
1963. English Landed Society of the Eighteenth Century. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
1977. Demand versus supply in the Industrial Revolution. Journal of Economic History 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1985. The Industrial Revolution and the new economic history. In The Economics of the Industrial Revolution, ed. . London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
1977. Experience and Identity: Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760–1800. Manchester: Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1972. Editor's introduction. In his Science, Technology and Economic Growth in the Eighteenth Century. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
, and . 1969. Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
1983. History and Class: Essential Readings in Theory and Interpretation. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
1987. The Rise of English Nationalism. A Cultural History, 1740–1830. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
1985. Agriculture and the home market for English industry, 1660–1820. English Historical Review 100.Google Scholar
1982. Electoral Behavior in Unreformed England: Plumpers, Splitters and Straights. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1982. Commercialization and society. In The Birth of a Consumer Society, ed. , , and .Google Scholar
1952. The finances of the Liverpool and Manchester railway. Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1977a. The Victorian middle classes: wealth, occupation and geography. Economic History Review, 2nd ser., 30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1977b. Wealth, elites and the class structure of modern Britain. Past and Present, no. 76.Google Scholar
; , and . 1992. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
1981. Dimensions of literacy in England, 1750–1850. In Literacy and Social Development in the West: A Reader, ed. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
1985. Gentlemen dissenters: the social and political meanings of rational dissent in the 1770s and 1780s. The Historical Journal 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1972. Eighteenth-Century English Politics: Patrons and Place-Hunters. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
1939. The House of Commons, 1832–1901: A Study of Its Economic and Functional Character. Cardiff: University of Wales Press Board.Google Scholar
1963. English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
1985. Literacy and the Industrial Revolution. In The Economics of the Industrial Revolution, ed. . London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
1968. Middle class literacy in eighteenth century England: fresh evidence. In Studies in the Eighteenth Century, ed. . Canberra: Australian National University Press.Google Scholar
1955. The entrepreneur in the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Explorations in Entrepreneurial History 3.Google Scholar
1985. Urban growth and agricultural change: England and the Continent in the early modern period. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar