On 2 August 1964, President Johnson reported that the North Vietnamese attacked US boats in the Gulf of Tonkin, triggering expanded US involvement in the Vietnam War. To punish the Việt Minh and curtail the increasing reputation of revolutionary forces in the South, President Johnson quickly launched a siege named Operation Rolling Thunder, which stretched from early 1965 to late 1968. This incursion, unlike most previous sieges, took advantage of high-tech US Air Force equipment to devastatingly drop bombs throughout the North. In response, Hồ Chí Minh publicly called for the whole country to rise up against US imperialism in 1966. Echoing the national struggle against the US Army, documentaries and newsreels were produced to mobilize the people for the ‘sacred resistance against Americans in Vietnam’ (Cuộc kháng chiến chống Mỹ thần thánh). Engaging with the Gulf of Tonkin incident, Ngọc Quỳnh's ĐẦU SÓNG NGỌN GIÓ (ON TOP OF THE WAVE, ON TOP OF THE WIND, 1967) weaves together a story about an island (in an unidentified location in North Vietnam) and its role against the US forces with a theme of women's changing roles. The film documents the process of women's transformation cinematically portrayed as a journey of women leaving private spaces for entry into the public realm.