Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution
- 2 Morphology and evolution of the spider monkey, genus Ateles
- 3 The taxonomic status of spider monkeys in the twenty-first century
- Part II Ecology
- Part III Behavior and reproduction
- Part IV Interactions with humans
- Index
- References
3 - The taxonomic status of spider monkeys in the twenty-first century
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2010
Edited by
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution
- 2 Morphology and evolution of the spider monkey, genus Ateles
- 3 The taxonomic status of spider monkeys in the twenty-first century
- Part II Ecology
- Part III Behavior and reproduction
- Part IV Interactions with humans
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Spider monkeys are known by multiple names to local cultures, many of which reflect their acrobatic agility in the trees, or their various differences in coat color. Some indigenous groups also apply names that reference the blue eyes exhibited in some forms of spider monkey (Konstant et al., 1985). Within the scientific literature they occupy various positions in the taxonomic relationships among members of the Atelinae subfamily (see Rosenberger et al., this volume), and have been included in vast numbers of upper-level taxonomic surveys. It is thus surprising that their species-level taxonomic status has been the subject of only a few discriminate character-based investigations over the previous century.
Pelage variation in Ateles is substantial and has been the primary characteristic considered in previous categorizations of spider monkeys. Given the wide variation in coat colors among spider monkeys, it is not surprising that the first systematic study of Ateles taxonomy (Kellogg and Goldman, 1944) relied primarily on pelage. They initially identified four species and 16 different subspecies of Ateles (Kellogg and Goldman, 1944). These subspecies represent racially identifiable groups (Kellogg and Goldman, 1944) that can theoretically be identified based on a combination of different pelage characteristics. In this chapter, I provide a review of the various studies of spider monkey taxonomy and the scientific methods used to discern relationships.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Spider MonkeysThe Biology, Behavior and Ecology of the Genus Ateles, pp. 50 - 78Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
References
(1989). A role for molecular genetics in the recognition and conservation of endangered species. Trends Ecol. Evol., 4, 279–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1980). Party composition in spider monkeys of Tikal, Guatemala: a comparison of stationary vs. moving observers. Primates, 21, 123–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1988). Rapport preliminaire sur les singes de la region montangneuse de Hunachaca, Bolivie. Folia Primatol., 49, 182–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, K. S. (1987). Conclusions, synthesis, and alternative hypotheses. In Biogeography and Quaternary History in Tropical America, ed. and , Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 175–210.Google Scholar
(1994). Amazonian speciation: a necessarily complex model. J. Biogeogr., 21, 5–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003). Patterns of behavior across reproductive states of free-ranging female black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 124, 166–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1990). Feeding ecology of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) at Tikal, Guatemala. Hum. Evol., 5, 269–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castellanos, H. G. and Chanin, P. (1996). Seasonal differences in food choice and patch preference of long-haired spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth). In Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates, ed. , and , New York: Plenum Press, pp. 451–466.CrossRef
Coates, A. G. and Obando, J. A. (1996). The geologic evolution of the Central American isthmus. In Evolution and Environment in Tropical America, ed. , and , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 21–56.Google Scholar
, , , and (1976). Ecology, population characteristics, and sympatric association in primates: a socio-bioenergetic analysis of howler and spider monkeys in Tikal, Guatemala. Yrbk. Phys. Anthropol., 20, 96–135.Google Scholar
Colinvaux, P. A. (1996). Quaternary environmental history and forest diversity in the Neotropics. In Evolution and Environment in Tropical America, ed. , and , Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 359–406.Google Scholar
and (2000a). Phylogenetic relationships of spider monkeys (Ateles) based on mitochondrial DNA variation. Int. J. Primatol., 21, 381–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2000b). Biogeographic and ecological forces responsible for speciation in Ateles. Int. J. Primatol., 21, 421–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2001). Nuclear DNA variation among spider monkeys (Ateles). Mol. Phylo. Evol., 19, 67–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988). Deep-history biogeography: retrieving the historical pattern of evolving continental biotas. Syst. Zool., 37, 221–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (1997). Recent observations of Nicaraguan primates and a preliminary conservation assessment. Neotrop. Primates, 5, 71–74.Google Scholar
(1986). The status of howler, spider and capuchin monkey populations in Belize, Central America. Primate Rep., 14, 161.Google Scholar
and (1996). Application of parsimony analysis of endemicity in Amazonian biogeography: an example with primates. Biol. J. Lin. Soc., 59, 427–437.Google Scholar
and (1990). Chromosomal distinction between the red-faced and black-faced black spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus paniscus and A. p. chamek). Zoo Biol., 9, 307–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Fiore, A. and Campbell, C. J. (2007). The atelines: variation in ecology, behavior, and social organization. In Primates in Perspective, ed. , , , and , Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 155–185.Google Scholar
, , and (1998). Molecular systematics and paleobiogeography of the South American sigmodontine rodents. Mol. Biol. Evol., 15, 35–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1988). Tropical rain forest conversion and perspectives in the conservation of wild primates (Alouatta and Ateles) in Mexico. Am. J. Primatol., 14, 315–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , and (1988). Spider monkey home ranges: a comparison of radio telemetry and direct observation. Am. J. Primatol., 16, 19–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1992). New data on the distribution of primates in the region of the confluence of the Jiparana and Madeira rivers in Amazonas and Rondonia, Brazil. Goeldiana Zoologia, 11, 1–13.Google Scholar
Ferrari, S. F. and Lopes, M. A. (1996). Primate populations in eastern Amazonia. In Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates, ed. , and , New York: Plenum Press, pp. 53–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1996). Platyrrhines in pimenta bueno, Rondonia, Brazil. Neotrop. Primates, 4, 151–153.Google Scholar
, , et al. (1995). Primates and conservation in the Guajara-Mirim state park, Rondonia, Brazil. Neotrop. Primates, 3, 81–82.Google Scholar
Freese, C. (1976). Censusing Alouatta palliata, Ateles geoffroyi, and Cebus capucinus in the Costa Rican dry forest. In Neotropical Primates: Field Studies and Conservation, ed. and , Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences, pp. 4–9.Google Scholar
, and (1991). Morphometric analyses of Ateles: systematic and biogeographic implications. Am. J. Primatol., 25, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (1975). Banding patterns of the chromosomes of Ateles geoffroyi with description of two cases of pericentric inversion. J. Med. Primatol., 4, 108–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1993). Effects of habitat fragmentation on howler monkey (Alouatta palliata mexicana) and spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus) populations in Veracruz state, Mexico. Am. J. Primatol., 30, 312–313.Google Scholar
, , and (1996). Influence of tropical rainforest fragmentation on mammal communities in French Guiana: short-term effects. Acta Oecol., 17, 673–684.Google Scholar
(1989). A Theory of Human and Primate Evolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 127–131.Google Scholar
Haffer, J. (1982). General aspects of the refuge theory. In Biological Diversification in the Tropics, ed. , New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 5–22.Google Scholar
Haffer, J. (1987). Quaternary history of tropical America. In Biogeography and Quaternary History in Tropical America, ed. and , Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 1–18.Google Scholar
(1997). Alternative models of vertebrate speciation in Amazonia: an overview. Biodiv. Conserv., 6, 451–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). A giant new world monkey from the Pleistocene of Brazil. J. Hum. Evol., 28, 189–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernandez-Camacho, J. and Cooper, R. W. (1976). The nonhuman primates of Colombia. In Neotropical Primates: Field Studies and Conservation, ed. and , Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, pp. 35–69.Google Scholar
(1968). Metachromism or the principle of evolutionary change in mammalian tegumentary colors. Evolution, 22, 556–575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1969). The evolution of mammals in southern continents. VI. The recent mammals of the neotropical region: a zoogeographic and ecological review. Quart. Rev. Biol., 44, 1–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1996). Molecular Systematics, 2nd edn. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, pp. 243–245.Google Scholar
and (2002). Geographic distribution and abundance of woolly (Lagothrix cana) and spider (Ateles chamek) monkeys in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. Am. J. Primatol., 56, 57–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (1998). Immobilization and health assessment of free-ranging black spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus chamek). Am. J. Primatol., 44, 107–123.3.0.CO;2-#>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimbel, W. H. and Martin, L. B. (1993). Species and speciation: conceptual issues and their relevance for primate evolutionary biology. In Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution, ed. and , New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1997). New World Primates: Ecology, Evolution and Behavior. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, pp. 192–199.Google Scholar
Klein, L. L. and Klein, D. B. (1977). Feeding behavior of the Colombian spider monkey. In Primate Ecology, ed. , London: Academic Press, pp. 153–185.Google Scholar
, and (1985). Spider monkeys in captivity and in the wild. Primate Conserv., 5, 82–109.Google Scholar
, and (1980). Chromosomal variation and zoogeography in Ateles. Int. J. Primatol., 1, 223–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1987). Conservation status of Ateles fusciceps fusciceps in northwestern Ecuador. Int. J. Primatol., 8, 513.Google Scholar
(1987). A population survey of Alouatta palliata, Cebus capucinus and Ateles geoffroyi at Palo Verde, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 35, 345–347.Google Scholar
, , et al. (1997). Radiation and speciation of spider monkeys, genus Ateles from the cytogenetic viewpoint. Am. J. Primatol., 42, 167–178.3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1993). What is mtDNA good for in the study of primate evolution?Evol. Anthropol., 2, 2–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1981). Estimates of reproductive parameters for free-ranging Ateles geoffroyi. Primates, 22, 574–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, J. (1993). Inbreeding and outbreeding in primates: what's wrong with “the dispersing sex”? In The Natural History of Inbreeding and Outbreeding, ed. , Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
, , and (2005). Phylogenetic relationships among some Ateles species: the use of chromosomic and molecular characters. Primates, 46, 155–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norconck, M. A., Sussman, R. W. and Phillips-Conroy, J. P. (1996). Primates of Guyana shield forests. In Adaptive Radiations of Neotropical Primates, ed. , and , New York: Plenum Press, pp. 69–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1995). Status, distribution and viability of wild populations of Ateles belzebuth marginatus. Neotrop. Primates, 3, 17–18.Google Scholar
(1998). Diet and feeding ecology of Ateles belzebuth belzebuth at Maraca ecological station, Roraima, Brazil. Folia Primatol., 69, 61–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, and (1989). The karyotype of Ateles paniscus paniscus (Cebidae, Primates): 2n = 32. Revista Brasilia Genetica, 12, 543–551.Google Scholar
, , et al. (1997). Phylogeny and evolution of selected primates as determined by sequences of the e-globin locus and 5′ flanking regions. Int. J. Primatol., 18, 261–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1996). The molecular phylogeographic bridge between deep and shallow history in continental biotas. Trends Ecol. Evol., 11, 207–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1977). Laboratory and feral hybridization of Ateles geoffroyi panamensis Kellogg and Goldman, 1944, in Panama. Primates, 18, 235–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1996). The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. East Hampton, NY: Pogonias Press, pp. 107–117.Google Scholar
, , , and (2005). A multiforest comparison of dietary preferences and seed dispersal by Ateles spp. Int. J. Primatol., 26(5), 1017–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , , and (2000). An assessment of the diversity of new world primates. Neotrop. Primates, 8, 61–93.Google Scholar
, and (1993). Contribution of genetic distances studies to the taxonomy of Ateles, particularly Ateles paniscus paniscus and Ateles paniscus chamek. Int. J. Primatol., 14, 895–903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1993). Molecular phylogeny of the new world monkeys. Mol. Phylogen. Evol., 2, 225–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (1991). Metachromism and its phylogenetic implications for the genus Eulemur (Prosimii: Lemuridae). Folia Primatol., 57, 221–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003). Seasonal variation in association patterns of wild spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth belzebuth) at La Macarena, Colombia. Primates, 44, 83–90.Google ScholarPubMed
and (1993). The diversification of South American murid rodents: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequence data for the Akodontine tribe. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 50, 149–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1998). Effects of fruit patch availability on feeding subgroup size and spacing patterns in four primate species at Tinigua National Park, Colombia. Int. J. Primatol., 19, 313–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1995). A survey of the distribution and density of the primates of Guyana. Int. J. Primatol., 16, 761–790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1987). Sex ratio and maternal rank in wild spider monkeys: when daughters disperse. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 20, 421–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1988). Demography, ranging patterns, and activity budgets of black spider monkeys (Ateles paniscus chamek) in the Manu national park, Peru. Am. J. Primatol., 15, 45–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1990). Fission-fusion social organization in Ateles and Pan. Int. J. Primatol., 11, 47–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2002). A census of mammal populations in Punta Leona private wildlife refuge, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 50, 134–141.Google ScholarPubMed
Van der Hammen, T. (1982). Paleoecology of tropical South America. In Biological Diversification in the Tropics, ed. , New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 60–66.Google Scholar
van Roosmalen, M. G. M. (1980). Habitat preferences, diet, feeding strategy, and social organization of the black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus paniscus) in Surinam. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Wageningen, Netherlands.
, , and (1996). Notes on a distributional river boundary and southern range extension for two species of Amazonian primates. Neotrop. Primates, 4, 149–151.Google Scholar
(1986). The isthmian link, antitropicality and American biogeography: distributional history of the Atherinopsinae (Pisces: Atherinidae). Syst. Zool., 35, 176–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1983). Primates of the World: Distribution, Abundance, and Conservation. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, pp. 246–256.Google Scholar
(1991). Conservation of Mexican spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus) on the west end of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Mexico. Am. J. Primatol., 24, 108.Google Scholar
(2003). Multivariate analysis of organismal and habitat parameters in two Neotropical primate communities. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 123, 181–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5
- Cited by