The scholarship of our inner roles: role theory

Jacob Levy Moreno developed his own role theory from 1923 on. In contrast to sociological role theory, which is a theoretical concept and primarily seeks to describe certain phenomena, for example gender roles, Moreno focused on practical application. He worked with refugees, prostitutes, schoolchildren, companies, church groups and politicians. He worked with psychiatric clients as well as ordinary people. In addition to social roles, he also explored ‘psychodramatic roles’ (for example hero, explorer, movie star), where imagination is also gaining ground.

He did not stop here, as he looked at an individual through their relations. Therefore, he was intrigued by how one person's behaviour affects someone else or an entire group and, conversely, how they affect the person, that is, what interactions there are between different members (and their roles). He observed how the structure of a group can change and how its cohesion can be increased. I learnt most about its practical application from my mentor, Max Clayton, and through my personal experiences.

Moreno's role theory bridges the individual and the community, psychology and sociology, as it examines intrapersonal (intrapsychic) phenomena as well as interpersonal (interpsychic) interactions. Moreno believed that dramatic tools can not only help individuals as such, but are also able reshape the overall culture. He envisioned a new culture: a world more creative, spontaneous, healing and connected.

Moreno, just like his Australian disciple Max Clayton, believed in the liberating and healing power of self-expression. Role playing, drama techniques, as well as dance, song, music, drawing and myriad of other forms of creativity are opportunities for one to create something new. Everyone can be an artist. Life is also an art, when one lives with freedom of self-expression.

Our roles: authentically

Many of us decide to fulfil our social roles as best we can, and we dedicate much energy and effort to meet the perceived standards. That is, we try to be ‘good’ scientists, farmers, teachers, businessmen, spouses, fathers or mothers, according to the norms ingrained in us, with the hope to gain approval, admiration and respect.