Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Observing temporal processes in nature
- Part II Application to specific questions
- 9 Evolution of synchronised and intermittent reproduction (masting) of trees: key role of regeneration dynamics
- 10 Spatiotemporal variation can promote coexistence more strongly than temporal variation
- 11 Roles of pollinator attraction and environmental fluctuation in inducing flowering synchrony
- 12 Temporal dynamics and the spread of insect resistance transgenes
- 13 Concluding remarks
- Index
- References
12 - Temporal dynamics and the spread of insect resistance transgenes
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 December 2013
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Observing temporal processes in nature
- Part II Application to specific questions
- 9 Evolution of synchronised and intermittent reproduction (masting) of trees: key role of regeneration dynamics
- 10 Spatiotemporal variation can promote coexistence more strongly than temporal variation
- 11 Roles of pollinator attraction and environmental fluctuation in inducing flowering synchrony
- 12 Temporal dynamics and the spread of insect resistance transgenes
- 13 Concluding remarks
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Crops can be made resistant to pestiferous insects by genetic modification. The possibility that the modified genetic material may escape into a population of wild relatives is a threat looming over all such endeavours. Since insect infestations fluctuate from year to year, or over longer periods (locusts are an extreme example), the fitness of transgenes escaped from agriculture will be affected by this temporal dynamic and that is the subject of this chapter.
There are two ways in which genetically modified crops may pose a threat to the environment. The first is by spreading beyond arable land and simply outcompeting wild relatives by virtue of the insect resistance modification. The second is by hybridising with wild relatives so that the insect resistance transgene invades and transforms the wild population. The first is unlikely; crops are selected for yield and require tender loving care in order to thrive. The second threat is more insidious and has usually been addressed through population genetics. The role of ecological interactions has been comparatively neglected and the effect on relative fitness of temporal fluctuations in various factors, such as herbivore densities, falls into this category.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Temporal Dynamics and Ecological Process , pp. 282 - 308Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2014
References
and (1994). Gene flow between cultivated and wild sunflowers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 89, 655–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (2003). Evidence for gene flow via seed dispersal from crop to wild relatives in Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae): consequences for the release of genetically modified crop species with weedy lineages. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270, 1565–1571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1993). Overcompensation by plants: herbivore optimization or red herring? Evolutionary Ecology 7, 109–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1995). Surveying patterns in the cost of resistance in plants. American Naturalist 148, 536–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (1999). Effect of late season insect infestation in yield, yield components and oil quality of Brassica napus, B. rapa, B. juncea and Sinapis alba in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 132, 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1989). Differential effects of above and below-ground insect herbivory during early plant succession. Oikos 54, 67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Fitness effects of transgenic disease resistance in sunflowers. Science 300, 1250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2001). Reversing insect adaptation to transgenic insecticidal plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268, 1475–1480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2003). Quantifying and testing coexistence mechanisms arising from recruitment fluctuations. Theoretical Population Biology 64, 345–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1990). Geometry, heterogeneity and competition in variable environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 330, 165–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1989). Short-term instabilities and long-term community dynamics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4, 293–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , et al. (2004) Aerodynamics of wind pollination in a zoophilous flower, Brassica napus. Functional Ecology 18, 861–866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2004). The effect of patch size and separation on bumblebee foraging in oilseed rape: implications for gene flow. Journal of Applied Ecology 41, 539–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2002). A model of pollinator-mediated gene flow between plant populations with numerical solutions for bumblebees pollinating oilseed rape. Oikos 98, 375–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2002). Potential for the environmental impact of transgenic crops. Nature Biotechnology 20, 567–574.Google ScholarPubMed
, and (1999). Comparison of seedling and adult palatability in annual and perennial plants. Functional Ecology 13, 546–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1975). Competition and stand structure in some even-aged plant monocultures. Journal of Ecology 63, 311–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(1972). The effects of stochastic environments on allele frequencies in natural populations. Theoretical Population Biology 3, 241–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(2003). GM Science Review (First Report): an Open Review of the Science Relevant to GM Crops and Food Based on Interests and Concerns of the Public. London: Department of Trade and Industry, pp. 109–114.Google Scholar
, and (1995). An experimental field study of the effects of mollusc grazing on seedling recruitment and survival in grassland. Journal of Ecology 83, 621–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2001). Herbivory, serotiny and seedling defence in Western Australian Proteaceae. Oecologia 126, 409–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1963). Major mortality factors in the population dynamics of the diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Cust.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 32, 55–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (1998). Fitness of backcross and F2 hybrids between weedy Brassica napa and oilseed rape (B. napus). Heredity 81, 436–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2004). Population genetics of transgene containment. Ecology Letters 7, 213–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1992). The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Quarterly Review of Biology 67, 283–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1992). Demography of an age-structured annual: resampled projection matrices, elasticity analyses, and seed bank effects. Ecology 73, 1082–1093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2002). Coexistence and relative abundance in forest tree species. Nature 417, 437–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (2003). Communications arising (reply): competition and coexistence in forest trees. Nature 422, 587.Google Scholar
and (2005). A new application of storage dynamics: differential sensitivity, diffuse competition and temporal niches. Ecology 86 1012–1022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2006). An analytical model assessing the potential threat to natural habitats from insect resistance transgenes: continuous transgene input. Biology Letters 2, 293–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , , and (2005). An analytical model assessing the potential threat to natural habitats from insect resistance transgenes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 272, 1759–1767.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2005). Juvenile growth and palatability in congeneric British herbs. American Journal of Botany 92, 1586–1589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1998). Potential persistence of transgenes: seed performance of transgenic canola and wild × canola hybrids. Ecological Applications 8, 1180–1195.Google Scholar
, , , and (1998). Long-term introgression of crop genes into wild sunflower populations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 96, 339–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1965). The pests of cultivated plants in Finland 1965. Maatal Ja Koetoim 20, 185–195.Google Scholar
, , and (2002). Male fitness of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), weedy B. rapa and their F1 hybrids when pollinating B. rapa seeds. Heredity 89, 212–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1994). Will hybrids of genetically modified crops invade natural communities? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9, 85–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
and (2001). The biological reality of species: gene flow, selection, and collective evolution. Taxon 50, 47–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (1983). Seed survival and periodicity of seedling emergence in eight species of Cruciferae. Annals of Applied Biology 103, 301–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, , et al. (2003). A Bt transgene reduces herbivory and enhances fecundity in wild sunflowers. Ecological Applications 13, 279–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(2003) Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses. Quarterly Review of Biology 78, 23–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, , and (1997). Increased fitness of transgenic insecticidal rapeseed under insect selection pressure. Molecular Ecology 6, 773–779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (2003). Transgene introgression from genetically modified crops to their wild relatives. Nature Reviews: Genetics 4, 806–817.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
(1997). Belgian migrating Lepidoptera. Available at: .
, , , and (1997). The persistence of cultivar alleles in wild populations of sunflowers five generations after hybridization. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95, 33–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar