Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T06:12:21.815Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 53 - Strokes and Substance Abuse

from Section 6 - Systemic Disorders That Also Involve the Cerebrovascular System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2018

Louis Caplan
Affiliation:
Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
José Biller
Affiliation:
Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alvaro, L. C., Iriondo, I., and Villaverde, F. J. 2002. Sexual headache and stroke in a heavy cannabis smoker. Headache, 42, 224.Google Scholar
Arora, A., Kumar, A., and Raza, M. N. 2013. “Legal high” associated with Wallenbeg syndrome. BMJ Case Rep, doi:10.1136/bcr-2013–009693.Google Scholar
Asplund, K., Nasic, S., Janlert, V., et al. 2003. Smokeless tobacco as a possible risk factor for stroke in men. A nested case–control study. Stroke, 34, 1754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, P. A., Pridmore, H. M., Krishnamurthy, V., et al. 2013. Cannabis, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack. A case-control study. Stroke, 44, 2327.Google Scholar
Baud, M. O., Brown, E. G., Singhal, N. S., et al. 2015. Immediate hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator injection in 2 cocaine users. Stroke, 46, e167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernson-Leung, M. E., Leung, L. Y., and Kumar, S. 2014. Synthetic cannabis and acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 23, 1239.Google Scholar
Bhalla, M. C. 2015. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage after heroin use. Am J Emerg Med, 33, 1109.e3.Google Scholar
Bhatnager, A., Whitsel, L. P., Ribisl, K. M., et al. 2014. Electronic cigarettes. A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 130, 1418.Google Scholar
Bolz, J., Meves, S. H., Kara, K., et al. 2015. Multiple cerebral infarctions in a young patient with heroin-induced hypereosinophilic syndrome. J Neurol Sci, 356, 193.Google Scholar
Boyko, O. B., Burger, P. C., and Heinz, E. R. 1987. Pathological and radiological correlation of subarachnoid hemorrhage in phencyclidine abuse: Case report. J Neurosurg, 67, 446.Google Scholar
Broderick, J. P., Viscoli, C. M., Brott, T., et al. 2003. Major risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young are modifiable. Stroke, 34, 1375.Google Scholar
Bruno, A., Nolte, K. B., and Chapin, J. 1993. Stroke associated with ephedrine use. Neurology, 43, 1313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brust, J. C. M. 2004. Neurological Aspects of Substance Abuse, 2nd edn. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Brust, J. C. M. 2016. Stroke and substance abuse. In Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, 6th edn, Grotta, J. C., Alpers, G. W., Broderick, J. P., et al. (eds), Elsevier, pp. 648–57.Google Scholar
Brust, J. C. M. 2013. Spice, pot, and stroke. Neurology, 81, 1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brust, J. C. M., Dickinson, P. C. T., Hughes, J. E. O., and Holtzman, R. N. N. 1990. The diagnosis and treatment of cerebral mycotic aneurysms. Ann Neurol, 27, 238.Google Scholar
Brust, J. C. M. and Richter, R. W. 1976. Stroke associated with addiction to heroin. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 39, 194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brust, J. C. M. and Richter, R. W. 1977. Stroke associated with cocaine abuse? N Y State J Med, 77, 1473.Google ScholarPubMed
Cagienard, F., Schultzi, T., and Reinhart, W. H. 2014. Cocaine in high concentrations inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 57, 385.Google Scholar
Chang, T. R., Kowalski, R. C., Caserta, P., et al. 2013. Import of acute cocaine use on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke, 44, 1825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chillar, R. K. and Jackson, A. L. 1981. Reversible hemiplegia after presumed intracarotid injection of Ritalin. N Engl J Med, 304, 1305.Google ScholarPubMed
Chiuve, S. E., Rexrode, K. M., Spiegelman, D., et al. 2008. Primary prevention of stroke by healthy lifestyle. Circulation, 118, 947.Google Scholar
Chokshi, S. K., Moore, R., Pandian, N. G., and Isner, J. M. 1989. Reversible cardiomyopathy associated with cocaine intoxication. Ann Intern Med, 111, 1039.Google Scholar
Christie, I. C., Price, J., Edwards, L., et al. 2008. Alcohol consumption and cerebral blood flow among older adults. Alcohol, 42, 269.Google Scholar
Citron, B. P., Halpern, M., McCarron, M., et al. 1970. Necrotizing angiitis associated with drug abuse. N Engl J Med, 283, 1003.Google Scholar
Derby, L. E., Myers, M. W., Jick, H., et al. 1999. Use of dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine and phentermine and the risk of stroke. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 47, 565.Google Scholar
Deusch, E., Kress, H. G., Kraft, B., et al. 2004. The procoagulatory effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human platelets. Anesth Analg, 99, 1127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darke, S., Kaye, S., and Duflou, J. 2006. Comparative cardiac pathology among deaths due to cocaine toxicity, opioid toxicity and non-drug-related causes. Addiction, 101, 1771.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desbois, A. C. and Cacoub, P. 2013. Cannabis-associated arterial disease. Ann Vasc Surg, 27, 996.Google Scholar
Ducros, A., Boukobza, M., Porcher, R., et al. 2007. The clinical and radiological spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. A prospective series of 67 patients. Brain, 130, 3091.Google Scholar
Eastman, J. W. and Cohen, S. N. 1975. Hypertensive crisis and death associated with phencyclidine poisoning. JAMA, 231, 1270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Esse, K., Fossati-Bellani, M., Traylor, A., et al 2011. Epidemic of illicit drug use, mechanisms of action/addiction, and stroke as a health hazard. Brain Behav 1, 44.Google Scholar
Feldmann, E., Broderick, J. P., Kernan, W. N., et al. 2005. Major risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in the young are modifiable. Stroke 36, 1881.Google Scholar
Freeman, M. J., Rose, D. Z., Myers, M. A., et al. 2013. Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana “Spice.” Neurology, 81, 2090.Google Scholar
Fuchs, F. D., Chambless, L. E., Whelton, P. K., et al. 2001. Alcohol consumption and the incidence of hypertension: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Hypertension, 37, 1242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gatringer, T., Enzinger, C., Fischer, R., et al. 2015. IV thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke and alcohol abuse. Neurology, 85, 1592–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geng, X., Elmadhoun, B. S., Peng, C., et al. 2015. Ethanol and normobaric oxygen. Novel approach in modulating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex after severe transient and permanent ischemic stroke. Stroke, 46, 492.Google Scholar
Giraldo, E. A., Yaqi, M. A., and Vaidean, C. D. 2012. A case–control study of stroke risk factors and outcomes in African-American stroke patients with and without crack-cocaine abuse. Neurocrit Care, 16, 273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Girot, M. 2009. Smoking and stroke. Presse Med, 38, 1120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, E. L., Nguyen, T. S., Ngai, A. C., and Winn, H. R. 1995. Differential effects of alcohols on intracerebral arterioles. Ethanol alone causes vasoconstriction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 15, 532.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, R., Kelly, K. M., Gabrielsen, T., et al. 1990. Multiple cerebral hemorrhages after smoking ‘crack’ cocaine. Stroke, 21, 957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hackam, D. G. 2015. Cannabis and stroke. Systematic appraisal of case reports. Stroke, 46, 852.Google Scholar
Hemachandra, D., McKetin, R., Cherbuin, N., et al. 2015. Heavy cannabis users at elevated risk of stroke: Evidence from a general population survey. Aust NZ J Public Health, doi: 10.1111/1753–6405.12477.Google Scholar
Herning, R. I., King, D. E., Better, W. C., and Cadet, J. L. 1999. Neurovascular deficits in cocaine users. Neuropharmacology, 21, 110.Google Scholar
Herning, R. I., Better, W. E., Tate, K., et al. 2005. Cerebrovascular perfusion in marijuana users during a month of monitored abstinence. Neurology, 64, 488.Google Scholar
Hillbom, M., Saloheimo, P., and Juvela, S. 2011. Alcohol consumption, blood pressure, and the risk of stroke. Curr Hypertens Rep, 13, 208.Google Scholar
Ho, E. L., Josephson, S. A., Lee, H. S., et al. 2009. Cerebrovascular complications of methamphetamine abuse. Neurocrit Care, 10, 295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hossain, M., Mazzone, P., Tierney, W., et al. 2011. In vitro assessment of tobacco smoke toxicity at the BBB: Do antioxidant supplements have a permissive role? BMC Neurosci, 12, 92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inal, T., Kose, A., Koksal, O., et al. 2014. Acute temporal lobe infarction in a young patient associated with marijuana abuse: An unusual cause of stroke. World J Emerg Med, 5, 72.Google Scholar
Ince, B., Benbir, G., Yuksel, O., et al. 2015. Both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke following high doses of cannabis consumption. Presse Med, 44, 106–7.Google Scholar
Jaffre, A., Ruidavets, J. B., Nasr, N., et al. 2015. Tobacco use and cryptogenic stroke in young adults. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, http://dx.doi.org/10.101.Google Scholar
Jones, R. T. 2002. Cardiovascular system effects of marijuana. J Clin Pharmacol, 103, 58S.Google Scholar
Jones, S. B., Loehr, L., Avery, C. L, et al. 2015. Midlife alcohol consumption and the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke, 46, 3124–30.Google Scholar
Jouanjus, E., Lapeyre-Mestre, M., Micallef, J., et al. 2014. Cannabis use: Signal of increasing risk of serious cardiovascular disorders. J Am Heart Assoc, 3, e.000638.Google Scholar
Judice, D. J., LeBlanc, H. J., and McGarry, P. A. 1978. Spinal cord vasculitis presenting as spinal cord tumor in a heroin addict. J Neurosurg, 48, 131.Google Scholar
Kadlecova, P., Andel, R., Mikulik, R., et al. 2015. Alcohol consumption at midlife and risk of stroke during 43 years of follow-up: Cohort and twin analysis. Stroke, 46, 627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, M. J., Levin, J. M., Ross, M. H., et al. 1998. Cocaine-induced cerebral vasoconstriction detected in humans with magnetic resonance angiography. JAMA, 279, 376.Google Scholar
Kernan, W. N., Viscoli, C. M., Brass, L. M., et al. 2000. Phenylpropanolamine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. N Engl J Med, 343, 1826.Google Scholar
Klatsky, A. L. 2007. Alcohol, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Res, 55, 237.Google Scholar
Klatsky, A. L. 2015. Alcohol and cardiovascular diseases: Where do we stand today? J Intern Med, 278, 238.Google Scholar
Kohsaka, S., Zhezen, J., and DiTullio, M. R. 2011. Alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis burden in the proximal thoracic aorta. Athersclerosis, 219, 794.Google Scholar
Larson, S. C., Akesson, A., and Wolk, A. 2015. Primary prevention of stroke by a healthy lifestyle in a high risk group. Neurology, 84, 224.Google Scholar
Latorre, J. G. S. and Schmidt, E. B. 2015. Cannabis, cannabinoids, and cerebral metabolism: Potential applications in stroke and disorders of the central nervous system. Curr Cardiol Rep, 17, 72.Google Scholar
Mathew, R. J., Wilson, W. I., and Davis, R. 2003. Postural syncope after marijuana. A transcranial Doppler study of the hemodynamics. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 75, 309.Google Scholar
Matteo, I., Pinedo, A., Gomez-Beldarrain, M., et al. 2005. Recurrent stroke associated with cannabis use. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 76, 435.Google Scholar
McCreary, M., Emerman, C., Hanna, J., and Simon, J. 2000. Acute myelopathy following intranasal insufflation of heroin: Case report. Neurology, 55, 316.Google Scholar
Miotto, K., Striebel, J., Cho, A. K., et al. 2013. Clinical and pharmacological aspects of bath salt use: A review of the literature and case reports. Drug Alcohol Depend, 132, 1.Google Scholar
Mittleman, M. A., Lewis, R. A., Maclure, M., et al. 2001. Triggering myocardial infarction by marijuana. Circulation, 103, 2805.Google Scholar
Morganstern, M. D., Viscoli, C. M., Kernan, W. N., et al. 2003. Use of ephedra-containing products and risk for hemorrhagic stroke. Neurology, 60, 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukamal, K. J., Ascherio, A., Mittleman, M. A., et al. 2005a. Alcohol and risk for ischemic stroke in men: The role of drinking patterns and usual beverage. Ann Intern Med, 142, 11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukamal, K. J., Chung, H., Jenny, N. S., et al. 2005b. Alcohol use and the risk of ischemic stroke among older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke, 36, 1830.Google Scholar
Mukamal, K. J., Longstreth, W. T., Mittleman, M. A., et al. 2001. Alcohol consumption and subclinical findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke, 32, 939.Google Scholar
Ntlholang, O., McDonagh, R., Nicholson, S., et al. 2015. Is intimal hyperplasia associated with cranial arterial stenosis in cannabis-associated cerebral infarction? Int J Stroke, 10, e56.Google Scholar
Nudelman, R. W. and Salcman, M. 1987. The birth of the blues. II. Blue movie. JAMA, 257, 3230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohita, T., Tanigawa, T., Tabata, M., et al. 2009. Effects of habitual alcohol intake on ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and its variability among Japanese men. Hypertension, 53, 13.Google Scholar
Oono, I. P., Mackay, D. F., and Pell, J. P. 2011. Meta-analysis of the association between secondhand smoke exposure and stroke. J Public Health, 11, 496.Google Scholar
Oyinlove, O., Nzeh, D., Yusef, A., et al. 2014. Ischemic stroke following abuse of marijuana in a Nigerian adult male. J Neurosci Rural Pract, 5, 417.Google Scholar
Palomaki, H., Kaste, M., Raininko, R. et al. 1993. Risk factors for cervical atherosclerosis in patients with transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke. Stroke, 24, 970.Google Scholar
Parker, M. J., Tarlow, M. J., and Milne-Anderson, J. 1984. Glue sniffing and cerebral infarction. Arch Dis Child, 59, 675.Google Scholar
Patra, I., Tatlor, B., Irving, H., et al. 2010. Alcohol consumption and the risk of morbidity and mortality for different stroke types: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 10, 258.Google Scholar
Pearson, J., Richter, R. W., Baden, M. M. et al. 1972. Transverse myelopathy as an illustration of the neurologic and neuropathologic features of heroin addiction. Hum Pathol, 3, 109.Google Scholar
Petitti, D. B., Sidney, S., Queensberry, C., and Bernstein, A. 1998. Stroke and cocaine or amphetamine use. Epidemiology, 9, 596.Google Scholar
Peyrot, I., Garsaud, A. M., Saint-Cyr, I., et al. 2007. Cannabis arteritis: A new case report and review of the literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereal, 21, 388.Google Scholar
Qureshi, A. I., Akber, M. S., Czander, E., et al. 1997. Crack cocaine use and stroke in young patients. Neurology, 48, 341.Google Scholar
Qureshi, A. I., Mohammad, Y., Suri, M. F., et al. 2001a. Cocaine use and hypertension are major risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in young African Americans. Ethn Dis, 11, 311.Google Scholar
Qureshi, A. I., Fareed, M., Suri, K., et al. 2001b. Cocaine use and the likelihood of non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation, 103, 502.Google Scholar
Qureshi, A. I., Suri, M. F., Yahia, A. M. 2001c. Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 49, 607.Google Scholar
Ray, W. Z., Krisht, K. M., Schabel, A., et al. 2013. Subarachnoid hemorrhage from a thoracic radicular artery pseudoanaurysm after methamphetamine and synthetic cannabinoid abuse: Case report. Global Spine J, 3, 119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ren, H., Du, C., Yuan, Z., et al. 2012. Cocaine-induced cortical micro-ischemia in the rodent brain: Clinical implications. Mol Psychiatr, 17, 1017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renard, D. and Gaillard, N. 2008. Brain hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm associated with chronic use of cannabis and buprenorphine. Cerebrovasc Dis, 25, 282.Google Scholar
Rose, D. Z., Guerrero, W. R., Mokin, M. V., et al. 2015. Hemorrhagic stroke following use of the synthetic marijuana “Spice.” Neurology, 85, 1177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, K., Lewis, L. B., and Nolen, J. D. L. 2003. Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke. A meta-analysis. JAMA, 289, 579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothrock, J. F., Rubenstein, R., and Lyden, P. D. 1988. Ischemic stroke associated with methamphetamine inhalation. Neurology, 38, 589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sacco, R. L., Elkind, M., Boden-Albala, B., et al. 1999. The protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on ischemic stroke. JAMA, 281, 53.Google Scholar
Santos, A. N., Rodrigues, M., Mare, R., et al. 2014. Recurrent stroke in a young cannabis user. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 26, e41.Google Scholar
Schifano, F., Oyefeso, A., Webb, L., et al. 2003. Review of deaths related to taking ecstasy, England and Wales, 1997–2000. Br Med J, 326, 80.Google Scholar
Seely, K. A., Lapoint, J., Moran, J. H., et al. 2012. Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 39, 234.Google Scholar
Shah, R. S. and Cole, J. W. 2010. Smoking and stroke: The more you smoke the more you stroke. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 8, 917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, N. N., Pan, Y., Muengtaweeponsa, S., et al. 2012. Cannabis-related stroke: Case series and review of the literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 21, 555.Google Scholar
Sloan, M. A., Duh, S.-H., Magder, L. S., et al. 2000. Marijuana and the risk of stroke. Stroke, 30, 57.Google Scholar
Sobel, J., Espinas, O. E., and Friedman, S. A. 1971. Carotid artery obstruction following LSD capsule injection. Arch Intern Med, 127, 290.Google Scholar
Sordo, L., Indave, B. I., Barrio, G., et al. 2014. Cocaine use and risk of stroke: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend, 142, 1.Google Scholar
Sull, J. W., Yi, S. W., Nam, C. M., et al. 2009. Binge drinking and hypertension on cardiovascular mortality in Korean men and women. A Kangwha Cohort Study. Stroke, 40, 2953.Google Scholar
Takematsu, M., Hoffman, R. S., Nelson, L. S., et al. 2014. A case of acute cerebral ischemia following inhalation of a synthetic cannabinoid. Clin Toxicol, 52, 973.Google Scholar
Ubogu, E. E. 2001. Amaurosis fugax associated with phencyclidine inhalation. Eur Neurol, 46, 98.Google Scholar
Van Tol, A. and Hendriks, H. D. 2001. Moderate alcohol consumption: Effects on lipids and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Lipidol, 12, 19.Google Scholar
Westover, A. N., McBride, S., Haley, R. W. 2007. Stroke in young adults who abuse amphetamines or cocaine: A population-based study of hospitalized patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 64, 495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolff, V., Armspach, J.-P., Lauer, V., et al. 2015. Ischaemic strokes with reversible vasoconstriction and without thunderclap headache: A variant of the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome? Cerebrovasc Dis, 39, 31.Google Scholar
Wolff, V., Lauer, V., Rouyer, O., et al. 2011. Cannabis use, ischemic stroke, and multifocal intracranial vasoconstriction: A prospective study of 48 consecutive young patients. Stroke, 42, 1178.Google Scholar
Wang, F., Wang, Y., Geng, X., et al. 2012. Neuroprotective effect of acute ethanol administration in a rat with transient cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 42, 205.Google Scholar
Woods, B. T. and Strewler, G. J. 1972. Hemiparesis occurring six hours after intravenous heroin injection. Neurology, 22, 863.Google Scholar
Zhang, C., Qin, Y.-Y., Chen, Q., et al. 2014. Alcohol intake and risk of stroke: A dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Cardiol, 174, 669.Google Scholar
Zheng, L., Wu, X., Dong, X., et al. 2015. Effects of chronic alcohol exposure on the modulation of ischemia-induced glutamate release via cannabinoid receptors in the dorsal hippocampus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 39, 1908.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×