INTRODUCTION

Lay nuns who represent the contemporary mainstream tradition of female Buddhist renunciation in Sri Lanka, such as Sumettā and Dhammādinnā, live in groups and village settings. As we have seen, they devote their lives to study and pūjā, as well as to service. In this chapter, I offer an account of lay nuns whose interpretation of female renunciation sets them apart from most women who have donned the ochre robe. While they do not typify contemporary female renunciation, their contribution and impact is influential. I also explore both the attitudes of monks toward lay nuns and lay nuns' opinions of their own tradition. All the lay nuns I interviewed, whether they conform to the mainstream tradition of female renunciation or not, see themselves as Theravā dins whose destiny it is to embody true Buddhism and protect its integrity.

Foremost among the renunciants I introduce in this chapter are Americans, Europeans, and an Australian who have all converted to Buddhism and donned the ochre robe. Their biographies suggest that their background and outlook are radically different from the Sinhala lay nuns we met in chapter 7. Though there are only a handful of western lay nuns in Sri Lanka, they are very prominent in the cities and villages around the island. Such women are often vociferous in their support of the tradition of Theravādin female renunciation and they, rather than Sinhala lay nuns, have become its spokespersons.

Others who do not typify the contemporary tradition of female renunciation in Sri Lanka are the cave-dwelling lay nuns of the Ruhunu National Forest.