Irish inhabitants of the 'four obedient shires' - a term commonly used to describe the region at the heart of the English colony in the later Middle Ages - were significantly anglicised, taking on English names, dress, and even legal status. However, the processes of cultural exchange went both ways. This study examines the nature of interactions between English and Irish neighbours in the four shires, taking into account the complex tensions between assimilation and the preservation of distinct ethnic identities and exploring how the common colonial rhetoric of the Irish as an 'enemy' coexisted with the daily reality of alliance, intermarriage, and accommodation. Placing Ireland in a broad context, Sparky Booker addresses the strategies the colonial community used to deal with the difficulties posed by extensive assimilation, and the lasting changes this made to understandings of what it meant to be 'English' or 'Irish' in the face of such challenges.

Winner, 2019 James S. Donnelly, Sr, Prize for Books on History and Social Sciences, American Conference for Irish Studies

Winner, 2019 Donald Murphy Prize for Distinguished First Books, American Conference for Irish Studies

'… I would recommend this book. It is engaging, informative, and helps to unravel and explain some of the more complex relationships between the English and the Irish in the four counties at the heart of the English colony in later medieval Ireland. It makes a significant contribution to the scholarship, and encourages us to rethink our assumptions about ethnicity in the Middle Ages.'

Michael Potterton Source: American Historical Review

‘… this book is indispensable for anyone interested in colonial Ireland in the fifteenth century. Booker’s deeply researched monograph offers a wealth of evidence and a variety of sources worth mining in future studies.'

Kathryn Lavezzo Source: Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies