This illuminating book examines the origins and evolution of labor market policy in Western Europe in three phases: a manpower revolution during the 1960s and 1970s; a phase of international disagreement about the causes of and remedies for unemployment, which triggered a variety of policy responses in the late 1970s and 1980s; and, finally, the emergence of an activation paradigm in the late 1990s, the influence of which continues to reverberate today. J. Timo Weishaupt contends that the evolution of labor market policy is determined not only by historical trajectories or coalitional struggles, but also by policy makers' changing normative and cognitive beliefs. Including case studies of Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, this study will be of value to anyone interested in labor market policy and its governance.