Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- BOOK XX WILLIAM III AND PARLIAMENT DURING THE WAR WITH FRANCE, 169O–1697
- INTRODUCTION
- CHAP. I Formation of the Grand Alliance. Beginning and character of the War
- CHAP. II William III in 1691. Reduction of Ireland
- CHAP. III Parliamentary Grants. Glencoe
- CHAP. IV The War in 1692, 1693. Battle of La Hogue
- CHAP. V Tories and Whigs in the Sessions of 1692 and 1693
- CHAP. VI National Debt, and Bank of England. Campaign of 1694
- CHAP. VII Parliamentary Proceedings in the Session of 1694, 1695. Death of Queen Mary
- CHAP. VIII Campaign of 1695. Parliament of 1695, 1696
- CHAP. IX French and Jacobite schemes of invasion: the Plot of 1696
- CHAP. X Association. The two Banks. Victory of the Whigs
- CHAP. XI The Peace of Ryswick
- BOOK XXI THE LATER YEARS OF WILLIAM III, 1697—1702
- BOOK XXII REVIEW OF ENGLISH HISTORY TO THE YEAR 1760
CHAP. V - Tories and Whigs in the Sessions of 1692 and 1693
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 June 2011
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- BOOK XX WILLIAM III AND PARLIAMENT DURING THE WAR WITH FRANCE, 169O–1697
- INTRODUCTION
- CHAP. I Formation of the Grand Alliance. Beginning and character of the War
- CHAP. II William III in 1691. Reduction of Ireland
- CHAP. III Parliamentary Grants. Glencoe
- CHAP. IV The War in 1692, 1693. Battle of La Hogue
- CHAP. V Tories and Whigs in the Sessions of 1692 and 1693
- CHAP. VI National Debt, and Bank of England. Campaign of 1694
- CHAP. VII Parliamentary Proceedings in the Session of 1694, 1695. Death of Queen Mary
- CHAP. VIII Campaign of 1695. Parliament of 1695, 1696
- CHAP. IX French and Jacobite schemes of invasion: the Plot of 1696
- CHAP. X Association. The two Banks. Victory of the Whigs
- CHAP. XI The Peace of Ryswick
- BOOK XXI THE LATER YEARS OF WILLIAM III, 1697—1702
- BOOK XXII REVIEW OF ENGLISH HISTORY TO THE YEAR 1760
Summary
Thus the great powers struggled with one another, and neither could get the upper hand. France, inherently the weaker by sea, had yet once more succeeded in dealing a sharp blow at England which was naturally the stronger on that element. On the other side, the power which, by reason of its experience and organisation was the stronger on land, nevertheless at a decisive moment was forced to give way before the other party which had hitherto been the weaker. Still no peace was possible between them. Their antagonism had in it something that was of import for all times.
The one of these two great political bodies represented the combined Germanic and Romance monarchy in its fullest unity of development. In the provinces of the French kingdom the old institutions of the estates were not absolutely destroyed, but had been made subservient to the crown. Religion and culture, war and state, external and internal affairs, alike showed a unity in which one will was dominant—a will which at the same time was in harmony with the ideas of the nation. In this absolute subordination of all lay the unity and strength of the French monarchy. It was a despotism willingly obeyed.
In England, on the contrary, the authority of the highest power was closely attached to the will of Parliament, without which it would not have been obeyed, and which was also only carried on by means of continual opposition and party strife.
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- A History of EnglandPrincipally in the Seventeenth Century, pp. 58 - 71Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010