Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. Hydrodynamic Control of Wave Energy Devices
  • Cited by 38
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
September 2016
Print publication year:
2016
Online ISBN:
9781139942072
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139942072
Subjects:
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Engineering, Thermal-Fluids Engineering, Oceanography and Marine Science
Information

Book description

With this self-contained and comprehensive text, students and researchers will gain a detailed understanding of the fundamental aspects of the hydrodynamic control of wave energy converters. Such control is necessary to maximise energy capture for a given device configuration and plays a major role in efforts to make wave energy economic. Covering a wide range of disciplines, the reader is taken from the mathematical and technical fundamentals, through the main pillars of wave energy hydrodynamic control, right through to state-of-the-art algorithms for hydrodynamic control. The various operating principles of wave energy converters are exposed and the unique aspects of the hydrodynamic control problem highlighted, with a variety of potential solutions discussed. Supporting material on wave forecasting and the interaction of the hydrodynamic control problem with other aspects of wave energy device optimisation, such as device geometry optimisation and optimal device array layout, is also provided.

Reviews

'… the object of the book is a natural marriage between wave energy and control engineering. As a whole, the book can provide those involved in the development of wave energy converters, especially in tasks related to hydrodynamic modelling and power take-off, with the background required to use the tools of control engineering to improve the design and performance of the converter. Conversely, the book gives the control engineer the hydrodynamics and related fundamentals to move forward in his wave energy conversion studies. Boxes and numerical examples can be found along the text for better understanding of the theory. The book is highly recommended for all professionals and researchers involved in the design and control of wave energy converters. It is also suitable as a textbook for postgraduate studies in this field.'

António F. O. Falcão Source: Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

Contents

Contents
References
References
[1] Lamb, H. Hydrodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 1932. 6th ed.Reprinted by Dover, 1945.
[2] Stoker, JJ. Water Waves: Mathematical Theory with Applications. John Wiley & Sons,New York; 1958. Wiley Classics Library Edition, 1992.
[3] Kinsman, B. Wind Waves: Their Generation and Propagation on the Ocean Surface.Prentice-Hall, Englewood-Cliffs, NJ,; 1964. Reprinted by Dover, NY, 1984.
[4] Whitham, GB. Linear and Nonlinear Waves. John Wiley & Sons, New York; 1973.
[5] Wehausen, JV. Motion of floating bodies. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 1971;3:237-268.
[6] Newman, JN. Marine Hydrodynamics. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; 1978.
[7] Lewis, EV. Principles of Naval Architecture, vol. 2. Society of Naval Architects and MarineEngineers, Jersey City, NJ; 1988, chapter 4.
[8] Mei, CC. The Applied Dynamics of Ocean Surface Waves. World Scientific, Singapore;1992, chapter 7.
[9] Salter, SH. Absorbing wave makers and wide tanks. In: Wiegel, RL, editor. Proc. Confer-ence on Directional Wave Spectra Applications, Berkeley, CA, 1981.
[10] Thorpe, T. An overview of wave energy technologies: Status, performance and costs.1998. Available at www.citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.466.3188&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[11] EIA. Annual Energy Outlook. U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2014. 0383(2014).Available at: www.eia.gov.
[12] IEA. World Energy Projected Outlook, 2012. Available at: www.eia.gov.
[13] Van Vuuren, DP, Nakicenovic, N, Riahi, K, Kammen, D, Modi, V, Nilsson, M, et al. An energy vision: The transformation towards sustainability - interconnected challenges andsolutions. Current Opinion on Environmental Sustainability. 2012;4:18-34.
[14] Electric Power Research Institute. Mapping and Assessment of the United States OceanWave Energy Resource. EPRI; 2011. 1024637. Prepared by G. Hagerman and G. Scott.
[15] Ross, D. Power from Sea Waves. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; 1995. Firstpublished in 1981.
[16] McCormick, ME. Ocean Wave Energy Conversion. John Wiley & Sons, New York; 1981.Reprinted with revisions by Dover, 2007.
[17] Salter, SH. Wave power. Nature. 1974 June;720-724.
[18] Masuda, Y. Wave activated generator. In: Proc. International Colloquium on the Exposition of Oceans, Bordeaux, France, 1971.
[19] Bessho, M. Feasibility study of a floating type wave absorber. In: Proc. 34th Japan Towing Tank Conference, 1973. 351
[20] Evans, DV. A theory for wave power absorption by oscillating bodies. Journal of FluidMechanics. 1976;77(1):1-25.
[21] Newman, JN. The interaction of stationary vessels with regular waves. In: Proc.11th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, London, 1976, pp. 491-501.
[22] Mei, CC. Power extraction from water waves. Journal of Ship Research. 1976;20:63-66.
[23] Mehlum, E, Stammes, JJ. Power production based on focusing ocean swells. In: Proc. 1st Symposium on Wave Energy Utilization, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1979. pp. 29-35.
[24] McCormick, ME. Analysis of a wave energy conversion buoy. Journal of Hydronautics. 1974;8(3):77-82.
[25] Whittaker, TJT, McPeake, FA, Barr, AG. The development and testing of a wave-activated navigational buoy with a Wells turbine. Journal of Energy Resources Technology.1985;107(2):268-273.
[26] Maeda, H, Tanaka, H, Kinoshita, T. Theoretical and experimental study on wave powerabsorption. In: Inui, T, editor. Proc. 13th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics. The Ship building Association of Japan, 1980, pp. 857-876.
[27] Dean, WR. On the reflection of surface waves by a submerged circular cylinder. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1948;44:483-491.
[28] Ursell, F. Surface waves on deep water in the presence of a submerged circular cylinder I. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1950;46:141-152.
[29] Ogilvie, TF. First- and second-order force on a cylinder submerged under a free surface. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 1963;16:451-472.
[30] Evans, DV, Jeffrey, DC, Salter, SH, Taylor, JRM. Submerged cylinder wave energy device:Theory and experiment. Applied Ocean Research. 1979;1(1):3-12.
[31] French, MJ. Invention and Evolution: Design in Nature and Engineering. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 1988.
[32] Budal, K, Falnes, J. Wave power conversion by point absorbers. Norwegian MaritimeResearch. ;6(4):2-11.
[33] Budal, K, Falnes, J. Interacting point absorbers with controlled motion. In: Count, BM,editor. Power from Sea Waves. Academic Press, London, 1980, pp. 381-399.
[34] Falnes, J, Lillebekken, PM. Budal's latching-controlled-buoy type wave power plant. In:Lewis, AW, Thomas, GP, editors. Proc. Fifth European Wave Energy Conference, Cork, Ireland, 2003. Proc. (2005).
[35] Masuda, Y. Experimental full-scale results of wave power machine Kaimei in 1978. In:Proc. 1st International Symposium on Wave Energy Utilization, Gothenburg, Sweden,1979. pp. 349-360.
[36] Miyazaki, T. Japanese wave energy devices. In: Proc. First European Wave EnergySymposium, Edinburgh, UK, 1993, pp. 15-20.
[37] Whittaker, TJT, McIllwaine, SJ, Raghunathan, S. A review of the Islay shoreline wavepower station. In: Proc. First European Wave Energy Symposium, Edinburgh, UK, 1993,pp. 283-286.
[38] Ravindran, M, Koola, P. Energy from sea waves: The Indian wave energy program. CurrentScience. 1991;60:676-680.
[39] Falcao, AFO. Wave energy utilization: A review of the technologies. Renewable andSustainable Energy Reviews. 2010;14:899-918.
[40] Eidsmoen, H. On the theory and simulation of heaving-buoy wave-energy converters withcontrol. PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 1995.
[41] Hotta, H. R & D on wave power in Japan. In: Proc. Second European Wave EnergySymposium, 1995. Lisbon, Portugal.
[42] Washio, Y, Osawa, H, Imai, M, Korde, UA, Ito H. The offshore floating wave energydevice Mighty Whale. In: Proc. 1st Coastal Environment Science and Technology PanelMeeting-US Japan Conf. on Utilization of Natural Resources, Hayama, Japan, 1998.
[43] Pelamis Wave Power. Pelamis: P-750 Wave Energy Converter, 2009. Available at:www.pelamiswave.com.
[44] Friis-Madsen, E, Sorensen, HC, Parmeggiani, S. The development of a Wave Dragon 1.5MW demonstrator. In: Proc. 4th International Conference on Ocean Energy, Dublin, October 2012.
[45] Hansen, RH, Kramer, MM. Modeling and control of the Wave Star prototype. In: Proc. 9thEuropean Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Southampton, UK, 2011, paper 163.
[46] Nolte, J, Ertekin, RC, Davis, EP. In-Ocean experiments of a wave energy conversiondevice moored to an anchor and to a drogue. Journal of Ocean Technology. 2013 March;8(1):72-85.
[47] Korde, UA. Development of a reactive control apparatus for a fixed two-dimensionaloscillating water column wave energy device. Ocean Engineering. 1991;18(5):465-483.
[48] Nise, N. Control Systems Engineering, 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York; 2011.
[49] Ogata, K. Modern Control Engineering, 6th ed. Prentice Hall/Pearson, Southampton, NJ; 2010.
[50] Dorf, RC, Bishop, RH. Modern Control Systems, 12th ed. Prentice Hall/Pearson, Southampton, NJ; 2011.
[51] Schetzen, M. The Volterra and Wiener Theories of Nonlinear Systems. John Wiley & Sons, New York; 1980.
[52] Friedland, B. Control System Design; An Introduction to State-Space Methods. McGraw-Hill, New York; 1986. Reissued by Dover, 2005.
[53] Evans, DV. Power from water waves. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 1981;13:157-187.
[54] Packard, A, Doyle, J. The complex structured singular value. Automatica. 1993;29(1):71-109.
[55] Petersen, I, Ugrinovskii, V, Savkin, A. Robust Control Design Using H∞ Methods. Springerl, Berlin; 2000.
[56] Press, WH, Teukolsky, SA, Vetterling, WT, Flannery, BP. Numerical Recipes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 1988.
[57] Soeterboek, R. Predictive Control: A Unified Approach. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1992.
[58] Rao, S. Mechanical Vibrations, 5th ed. Prentice Hall/Pearson, Southampton, NJ; 2010.
[59] Meirovitch, L. Analytical Methods in Vibrations. Macmillan; 1967.
[60] Greenberg, MD. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall/Pearson, Southampton, NJ; 1998.
[61] Brown, J, Churchill, R. Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems, 8th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York; 2011.
[62] Sarpkaya, T, Issacson, M. Mechanics of Wave Forces on Offshore Structures. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York; 1981.
[63] Cummins, W. The impulse response function and ship motions. Schiffetechnik. 1962;47:101-109.
[64] Wehausen, JV. Causality and the radiation condition. Journal of Engineering Mathematics.1992;26:153-158.
[65] Wehausen, JV, Laitone, EV. Surface Waves vol. 9 of Handbuch der Physik. Flugge, S,editor. Springerl-Verlag, Berlin; 1960.
[66] Falnes, J. Ocean Waves and Oscillating Systems: Linear Interactions Including WaveEnergy Extraction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 2002.
[67] Gran, S. Lectures in Ocean Engineering: Waves and Wave Forces. University of Oslo and A/S Veritas, Norway; 1987.
[68] Longuet-Higgins, MS. The statistical analysis of a random moving surface. PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A. 1957;249:321-387.
[69] Longuet-Higgins, MS. Statistical properties of wave groups in a random sea state. Philo-sophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A. 1984;312(1521):219-250.
[70] Goda, Y. Random Seas and Design of Maritime Structures, 2nd ed. World Scientific, Singapore; 2000.
[71] Falcao, AFO. Phase control through load control of oscillating body wave energyconverters with hydraulic PTO system. Ocean Engineering. 2008;35:358-366.
[72] Salter, SH. Recent progress on ducks. In: Proc. 1st Symposium on Wave Energy Utilization,Gothenburg, Sweden, 1979.
[73] Belmont, MR. A lower bound estimate of the gains stemming from quiescent periodpredictive control using conventional sea state statistics. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2009;1:063104.
[74] Taylor, JRM. High pressure hydraulics. In: Cruz, J, editor. Ocean Wave Energy: CurrentStatus and Future Perspectives. Springerl, Berlin; 2008, pp. 189-285.
[75] Yeung, RW. A singularity distribution method for free surface flow problems. Dept. of Naval Architecture, University of California, Berkeley; 1973. NA-73-6.
[76] WAMIT. WAMIT User Manual. Wamit Inc.; 2013. Version 7.
[77] HYDRAN. A Computer Program for the Hydroelastic Response Analysis of Ocean Structures. Offcoast Inc., Kailua, HI; 2012. Version 5.1.7.
[78] Ertekin, RC, Riggs, HR, Che, XL, Du, SX. Efficient methods for hydroelastic analysis of very large floating structures. Journal of Ship Research. 1993;37(1):58-76.
[79] Havelock, T. Waves due to a floating sphere making periodic heaving oscillations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 1955;231(1184):1-7.
[80] Bessho, M. On time-reversed velocity potentials in the theory of water waves. Journal of Society of Naval Architects of Kansai. 1975;159.
[81] Salter, SH, Lin, CP. Wide tank efficiency measurements on a model of the sloped IPS buoy. In: Proc. 3rd European Wave Energy Conference, Patras, Greece, 1998.
[82] Falnes, J, Kuniawan, A. Fundamental formulae for wave energy conversion. Royal Society Open Science. 2015;2(14305):1-34.
[83] Falnes, J, Hals, J. Heaving buoys, point absorbers and arrays. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A. 2012;370:246-277.
[84] Evans, DV. Some analytic results for two and three dimensional wave-energy absorbers. In: Count, BM, editor. Power from Sea Waves. Academic Press, UK; 1980, pp. 212-249.
[85] Bessho, M. On boundary value problems of an oscillating body floating on water. Memoirs of the Defense Academy of Japan. 1968;8(1):183-200.
[86] Evans, DV. Wave power absorption by systems of oscillating surface pressure distributions. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 1982 1;114:481-499.
[87] Stansell, P, Pizer, DJ. Maximum wave power absorption by attenuating line absorbers undervolume constraints. Applied Ocean Research. 2013;40:83-93.
[88] Falnes, J, McIver, P. Surface wave interactions with systems of oscillating bodies andpressure distributions. Applied Ocean Research. 1985;7(4):225-234.
[89] Thomas, GP, Evans, DV. Arrays of three-dimensional wave-energy absorbers. Journal ofFluid Mechanics. 1981;108:67-88.
[90] Mei, CC. Hydrodynamic principles of wave power extraction. Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society of London, Series A. 2012;370:208-234.
[91] Garnaud, X, Mei, CC. Bragg Scattering and wave-power extraction by an array ofsmall buoys. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A.2010;466:79-106.
[92] Salter, SH. Development of the duck concept. In: Proc. Wave Energy Conference, 1978. Heathrow, UK.
[93] Budal, K, Falnes, J. Optimum operation of improved wave power converter. Marine ScienceCommunication. 1977;3:133-150.
[94] Skyner, D. Solo duck linear analysis. Technical Report, University of Edinburgh, 1987.
[95] Nebel, P. Maximizing the efficiency of wave-energy plants using complex conjugate control. Proc IMechE Part I - Journal of Systems and Control Engineering. 1992;206(4):225-236.
[96] Falnes, J. On non-causal impulse response functions related to propagating water waves. Applied Ocean Research. 1995;17(6):379-389.
[97] Korde, UA. On a near-optimal control approach for a wave energy converter in irregularwaves. Applied Ocean Research. 2014;46:79-93.
[98] Belmont, MR, Horwood, JMK, Thurley, RWF, Baker, J. Filters for linear sea-waveprediction. Ocean Engineering. 2006;33(17-18):2332-2351.
[99] Korde, UA. Near-optimal control of a wave energy device using deterministic-modeldriven incident wave prediction. Applied Ocean Research. 2015;53:31-45.
[100] Gradshteyn, IS, Ryzhik, IM. Table of Integrals, Series, and Products, 5th ed. Jeffrey, A,editor. Academic Press, San Diego, CA; 1994.
[101] Naito, S, Nakamura, S. Wave energy absorption in irregular waves by feedforward controlsystem. In: Evans, DV, Falcão, AF de O, editors. Proc. IUTAM Symp. Hydrodynamics ofWave Energy Utilization. Springerl Verlag, Berlin; 1985, pp. 269-280.
[102] Dannenberg, J, Naaijen, P, Hessner, K, Boom, den H, Reichert, K. The On board Waveand Motion Estimator OWME. In: Proc. International Society of Offshore and PolarEngineers Conference, Beijing, China, 2010.
[103] Wu, G. Direct simulation and deterministic prediction of large-scale nonlinear wave field.PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004.
[104] Korde, UA. Performance of 2 two-body heaving axisymmetric wave energy convertersunder control in irregular waves. In: Proc. 11th European Wave and Tidal EnergyConference, Nantes, France, 2015.
[105] Falnes, J. Wave-energy conversion through relative motion between two single-modeoscillating bodies. In: Proc. ASME Offshore Mechanics and Arctic EngineeringConference, Lisbon, Portugal, 1998.
[106] Fusco, F, Ringwood, J. A Study of the prediction requirements in real-time control of waveenergy converters. IEEE Trans on Sustainable Energy. 2012;3(1):176-184.
[107] Babarit, A, Clement, AH. Optimal latching control of a wave energy device in regular andirregular waves. Applied Ocean Research. 2006;28:77-91.
[108] Fuat, K. Time domain prediction of power absorption from ocean waves with latchingcontrol. Renewable Energy. 2010;35(2):423-434.
[109] Candido, JJ, Justino, PAPS. Modelling, control and Pontryagin maximum principle for atwo-body wave energy device. Renewable Energy. 2011;36(5):1545-1557.
[110] Cretel, JAM, Lightbody, G, Thomas, GP, Lewis, AW. Maximisation of energy capture bya wave-energy point absorber using model predictive control. In: IFAC World Congress,2011. pp. 3714-3721.
[111] Falcao, A, Justino, P, Henriques, J, Andre, J. Reactive versus latching phase control of atwo-body heaving wave energy converter. In: Proc. 10th European Control Conference(ECC), Budapest, Hungary, 2009.
[112] Scruggs, JT, Lattanzio, SM, Taflanidis, AA, Cassidy, II. Optimal causal control of a waveenergy converter in a random sea. Applied Ocean Research. 2013;42:1-15.
[113] Schoen, MP, Hals, J, Moan, T. Wave prediction and robust control of heaving wave energydevices for irregular waves. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2011;26(2):627-638.
[114] Bacelli, G, Gilloteaux, JC, Ringwood, J. A Predictive controller for a heaving buoyproducing potable water. In: Proc. European Control Conference (ECC), Budapest, Hungary, 2009, pp. 3755-3760.
[115] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. Short-term wave forecasting for real-time control of wave energyconverters. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2010 July;1(2):99-106.
[116] O'sullivan, D, Griffiths, J, Egan, MG, Lewis, AW. Development of an electrical powertake off system for a sea-test scaled offshore wave energy device. Renewable Energy.2011;36(4):1236-1244.
[117] Costello, R, Ringwood, JV, Weber, J. Comparison of two alternative hydraulic PTO conceptsfor wave energy conversion. In: Proc. 9th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference(EWTEC), Southampton, UK, 2011.
[118] Tedeschi, E, Carraro, M, Molinas, M, Mattavelli, P. Effect of control strategies and powertake-off efficiency on the power capture from sea waves. IEEE Transactions on EnergyConversion. 2011;26(4):1088-1098.
[119] Ricci, P, Lopez, J, Santos, M, Ruiz-Minguela, P, Villate, JL, Salcedo, F, et al. Control strategiesfor a wave energy converter connected to a hydraulic power take-off. IET RenewablePower Generation. 2011;5(3):1236-1244.
[120] Wamit, Wamit Inc. Version 64, 2008.
[121] Perez, T, Fossen, TI. Time-vs. frequency-domain identification of parametric radiation force models for marine structures at zero speed. Modeling, Identification and Control.2008;29:1-19.
[122] Fusco, F, Ringwood, J. Suboptimal causal reactive control of wave energy convertersusing a second order system model. In: Proc. International Society of Offshore and PolarEngineers (ISOPE), Maui, HI, 2011.
[123] Quine, B, Uhlmann, J, Durrant-Whyte, H. Implicit Jacobians for Linearised State estimationin nonlinear systems. In: Proc. American Control Conference, Seattle, WA, 1995.
[124] Budal, K, Falnes, J. The Norwegian wave-power buoy project. In: Proc. SecondInternational Symposium on Wave Energy Utillization, Trondheim, June 1982.
[125] Boashash, B. Estimating and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal. II.Algorithms and applications. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1992;80(4):540-568.
[126] Boashash, B. Estimating and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal. I.Fundamentals. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1992;80(4):520-538.
[127] Shek, JHK, Macpherson, DE, Xiang, J. Reaction force control of a linear electrical generatorfor direct drive wave energy conversion. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2007;1:17-24.
[128] Wu, F, Zhang, XP, Ju, P, Sterling, MJH. Optimal control for AWS-based wave energyconversion system. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2009;24(4):1747-1755.
[129] Morari, M, Evanghelos, Z. Robust Process Control. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ;1989.
[130] Sa da Costa, J, Beirao, P, Valerio, D. Internal model control applied to the Archimedes waveswing. In: Proc. 16th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science(CSCS), Bucharest, Romania, 2007.
[131] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. Hierarchical robust control of oscillating wave energy converterswith uncertain dynamics. IEEE Trans on Sustainable Energy. 2014;5:958-966.
[132] Ochi, MK. Ocean Waves: The Stochastic Approach. Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, UK; 1998.
[133] Figwer, J. A new method of random time-series simulation. Simulation Practice andTheory. 1997;5:217-324.
[134] Hals, J, Falnes, J, Moan, T. Constrained optimal control of a heaving buoy wave-energyconverter. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. 2011;133(1):011401-011415.
[135] Falnes, J. Ocean Waves and Oscillating Systems: Linear Interactions Including Wave-Energy Extraction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 2002.
[136] Falnes, J. Wave-energy conversion through relative motion between two single-mode oscil-lating bodies. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. 1999;121(1):32-38.
[137] Kracht, P. Adaptive WEC control: Wave prediction and its implementation on controlsystems of wave-energy converters. Frauenhofer IWES; 2013.
[138] Kracht, P, Perez-Becker, S, Richard, J, Fischer, B. Performance improvement of a pointabsorber wave energy converter by application of an observer-based control: Results fromwave tank testing. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications. 2015;in press.
[139] Jones, D. Wave energy conversion; 1977. US Patent 4355511 A.
[140] Hoskin, RE, Count, BM, Nichols, NK, Nicol, DAC. Phase control for the oscillating water column. In: Evans, DV, Falcão, AF de O, editors. Proc. IUTAM Symposium onHydrodynamics of Wave Energy Utilization. Springer-Bucharest Verlag, Berlin; 1985, pp. 257-268.
[141] Salter, SH, Taylor, JRM, Caldwell, NJ. Power conversion mechanisms for wave energy. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M, Journal of Engineeringfor the Maritime Environment. 2002;216:1-27.
[142] Falcao, AFO, Justino, PAP. OWC wave energy devices with air flow control. OceanEngineering. 1999:1275-1295.
[143] Korde, UA. Phase control of floating bodies from an on-board reference. Applied OceanResearch. 2001;23:251-262.
[144] Babarit, A, Clement, AH. Optimal latching control of a wave energy device in regular andirregular waves. Applied Ocean Research. 2006;28(2):77-91.
[145] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. A Study of the prediction requirements in real-time control ofwave energy converters. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2012;3(1):176-184.
[146] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. A simple and effective real-time controller for wave energyconverters. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2013;4(1):21-30.
[147] Lanczos, C. The Variational Principles of Mechanics. University of Toronto Press, Toronto;1970. Reprinted by Dover, 1986.
[148] Weinstock, R. Calculus of Variations. McGraw-Hill, New York; 1952. Reprinted by Dover,1974.
[149] Stengel, RF. Optimal Control and Estimation. John Wiley & Sons, New York; 1986.Reprinted by Dover, 1994.
[150] Korde, UA, Schoen, MP, Lin, F. Strategies for time-domain control of wave energy devicesin irregular waves. In: Proc. 11th International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers(ISOPE) Conference, Stavanger, Norway, 2002.
[151] Widder, DV. Advanced Calculus. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1947. Reprinted byDover, 1989.
[152] Gelfand, IM, Fomin, SV. Calculus of Variations. Translated by Silverman, RA. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1963. Reprinted by Dover, 1991.
[153] Korde, UA. Latching control of deep water wave energy devices using an active reference. Ocean Engineering. 2002;29:1343-1355.
[154] Eidsmoen, H. Optimum control of a floating wave-energy converter with restrictedamplitude. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. 1996;118(2):96-102.
[155] Hals, J, Falnes, J, Moan, T. Constrained optimal control of a heaving buoy wave energyconverter. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. 2011;133(1):1-15.
[156] Li, G, Belmont, MR. Model predictive control of sea wave energy converters. Part I: aconvex approach for the case of single device. Renewable Energy. 2014;69:453-463.
[157] Finlayson, BA, Scriven, LE. The method of weighted residuals - a review. AppliedMechanics Reviews. 1966 Sep;19(9):735-748.
[158] Bacelli, G, Ringwood, JV, Gilloteaux, JC. A control system for a self-reacting point absorberwave energy converter subject to constraints. In: Proc. IFAC World Congress, Milan,2011, vol. 18, pp. 11387-11392.
[159] Herber, DR, Allison, JT. Wave energy extraction maximization in irregular ocean wavesusing pseudospectral methods. In: Proc. 2013 ASME Design Engineering TechnicalConference, No. DETC2013-12600, ASME, Portland, OR, 2013.
[160] Elnagar, G, Kazemi, MA, Razzaghi, M. The pseudospectral Legendre method fordiscretizing optimal control problems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 1995;40:1793-1796.
[161] Bacelli, G. Optimal control of wave energy converters. PhD thesis, National University ofIreland Maynooth, 2014.
[162] Bacelli, G, Ringwood, JV. Nonlinear optimal wave energy converter control with applicationto a flap-type device. In: IFAC World Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, 2014.
[163] Budal, K, Falnes, J. A resonant point absorber of ocean-wave power. Nature. 1975Aug;256(5517):478-479. (With corrigendum in Vol.257, p.626).
[164] Ogilvie, T. Recent progress toward the understanding and prediction of ship motions. In:Proc. Fifth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Bergen, Norway, 1964.
[165] Damaren, CJ. Time-domain floating body dynamics by rational approximation of the radi-ation impedance and diffraction mapping. Ocean Engineering. 2000 Jun;27(6):687-705.
[166] Bacelli, G, Balitsky, P, Ringwood, JV. Coordinated control of arrays of wave energydevices - benefits over independent control. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.2013;4(4):1091-1099.
[167] Carcas, M. The pelamis wave energy converter. Ocean Power Delivery Ltd., 2010:10.
[168] Whittaker, T, Folley, M. Nearshore oscillating wave surge converters and the development of Oyster. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A:Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2012;370(1959):345-364.
[169] Draper, M. More than just a ripple: Ocean Power Technologies sets its sights high. Refocus.2006;7(1):54-56.
[170] Sandvik, CM. Wave-to-Wire Model of the wave energy converter Bolt2: Control and powerextraction with an all-electric power take-off system. PhD thesis, Norwegian Universityof Science and Technology, 2012.
[171] Garnaud, X, Mei, CC. Wave-power extraction by a compact array of buoys. Journal ofFluid Mechanics. 2009;635:389-413.
[172] Antonutti, R, Hearn, GE. Optimisation of Point-Absorber Arrays. In: Proc. 9th EuropeanWave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC), Southampton, UK, 2011.
[173] Garnaud, X, Mei, CC. Comparison of wave power extraction by a compact array of smallbuoys and by a large buoy. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2010 Nov;4(6):519-530.
[174] Falnes, J. Radiation impedance matrix and optimum power absorption for interactingoscillators in surface waves. Applied Ocean Research. 1980 Apr;2(2):75-80.
[175] Justino, PAP, Clément, AH. Hydrodynamic performance for small arrays of submergedspheres. In: Proc. 5th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC), Cork,Ireland, 2003, pp. 266-273.
[176] Child, BMF, Venugopal, V. Non-optimal tuning of wave energy device arrays. In: Proc.2nd International Conference on Ocean Energy (ICOE), Brest, France, 2008.
[177] Bellew, S, Stallard, T, Stansby, PK. Optimisation of a heterogeneous array of heaving bodies.In: 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC), Uppsala, Sweden, 2009.
[178] Backer, De G, Vantorre, M, Beels, C, Rouck, De J, Frigaard, P. Power absorption by closelyspaced point absorbers in constrained conditions. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2010Nov;4(6):579-591.
[179] Ricci, P, Saulnier, JB, Falcão, AF de O. Point-absorber arrays: A configuration study off thePortuguese West-Coast. In: 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC),Porto, Portugal, 2007.
[180] Folley, M, Whittaker, TJT. The effect of sub-optimal control and the spectral waveclimate on the performance of wave energy converter arrays. Applied Ocean Research.2009;31(4):260-266.
[181] Cruz, J, Sykes, R, Siddorn, P, Taylor, RE. Estimating the loads and energy yield of arraysof wave energy converters under realistic seas. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2010Nov;4(6):488-497.
[182] Westphalen, J, Bacelli, G, Balitsky, P, Ringwood, JV. Control strategies for arrays ofwave energy devices. In: 9th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC),Southampton, UK, 2011.
[183] Bacelli, G, Ringwood, J. Constrained control of arrays of wave energy devices. InternationalJournal of Marine Energy. 2013;3-4(0):e53-e69.
[184] Douglas, JF, Gasiorek, JM, Swaffield, JA. Fluid Mechanics, 5th ed. Pearson/Prentice Hall, Southampton, NJ; 2005.
[185] Bellew, S, Stallard, T. Linear modelling of wave device arrays and comparison toexperimental and second order models. In: International Workshop for Water Waves andFloating Bodies, Harbin, China, 2010, pp. 2-5.
[186] Bhinder, MA, Babarit, A, Gentaz, L, Ferrant, P. Assessment of Viscous Damping via3D-CFD modelling of a floating wave energy device. In: 9th European Wave and TidalEnergy Conference (EWTEC), Southampton, UK, 2011.
[187] Terra, GM, van de BergWJ, Maas, LRM. Experimental verification of Lorentz’ linearizationprocedure for quadratic friction. Fluid Dynamics Research. 1995;36:175-188.
[188] Folley, M, Whittaker, TWT, van't, Hoff J. The design of small seabed-mounted bottom-hinged wave energy converters. In: 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference(EWTEC), Porto, Portugal, 2007.
[189] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. A Study of the prediction requirements in real-time control of waveenergy converters. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2012 Jan;3(1):176-184.
[190] Kwakernaak, H, Sivan, R. Linear Optimal Control Systems, vol. 172. Wiley-Interscience,New York; 1972.
[191] Folley, M, Whittaker, T. The adequacy of phase-averaged models for modelling wavefarms. ASME Conference Proceedings. 2011;2011(44373):663-671.
[192] Babarit, A. Impact of long separating distances on the energy production of two interactingwave energy converters. Ocean Engineering. 2010;37(8-9):718-729.
[193] Babarit, A, Borgarino, B, Ferrant, P, Clément, A. Assessment of the influence of the distancebetween two wave energy converters on energy production. IET Renewable PowerGeneration. 2010 Nov;4(6):592-601.
[194] Korde, UA. Control system applications in wave energy conversion. In: Proc. OCEANS2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition, Providence, RI; 2000;3:1817-1824.
[195] Falnes, J. A review of wave-energy extraction. Marine Structures. 2007;20:285-201.
[196] Tedd, J, Knapp, W, Frigaard, P, Kofoed, JP. Turbine control strategy including wave prediction for overtopping wave energy converters. CA-OE Workshop, Uppsala, 2005.
[197] Tedd, J, Frigaard, P. Short term wave forecasting, using digital filters, for improved control of wave energy converters. In: Proc. International Offshore and Polar EngineeringConference, Lisbon, Portugal, 2007, pp. 388-394.
[198] Frigaard, P, Brorsen, M. A time-domain method for separating incident and reflectedirregular waves. Coastal Engineering. 1995;24:205-215.
[199] Fusco, F. Forecasting requirements in the optimal control of wave energy converters.EE/2009/2/JVR. Dept. of Electronic Engineering, National University of IrelandMaynooth, 2009.
[200] Korde, UA. Efficient primary energy conversion in irregular waves. Ocean Engineering.1999;26:625-651.
[201] Schoen, MP, Hals, J, Moan, T. Wave prediction and fuzzy logic control of wave energyconverters in irregular waves. In: Proc. 16th Mediterranean Conference on Control andAutomation, Ajaccio, Corsica, France, 2008, pp. 767-772.
[202] Van Den, Boomh. OWME project makes technological breakthrough.Marin Report. 2009.
[203] Fusco, F, Gilloteaux, JC, Ringwood, J. A Study on prediction requirements in time-domain control of wave energy converters. In: Proc. Control Applications in Marine Systems(CAMS), Rostock, Germany, 2010, pp. 405-410.
[204] Cruz, J. Ocean Wave Energy: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Springer-Verlag;2008,
[205] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. Linear Models for short term wave forecasting. In: Proc. WorldRenewable Energy Congress (WRECX), Glasgow, UK, 2008, pp. 1030-1035.
[206] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. A Study on short-term sea profile prediction for wave energyapplications. In: Proc. 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC),Southampton, UK, 2009, pp. 756-765.
[207] Nolan, G, Ringwood, JV, Holmes, B. Short term wave energy variability off the west coastof Ireland. In: Proc. 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC), Porto,Portugal, 2007.
[208] Fusco, F. Short-Term wave forecasting as a univariate time series problem. EE/2009/3/JVR.Dept. of Electronic Engineering, National University of Ireland Maynooth, 2009.
[209] Harvey, AC. Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter. CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge, UK; 1989.
[210] Young, PC, Pedregal, DJ, Tych, W. Dynamic harmonic regression. Journal of Forecasting.1999;18:369-394.
[211] Box, GEP, Jenkins, GM, Reinsel, GC. Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control.Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1994.
[212] Shook, DS, Mohtadi, C, Shah, SL. Identification for long-range predictive control. IEEProceedings D (Control Theory and Applications). 1991;138(1):75-84.
[213] Norgaard, M, Ravn, O, Poulsen, NK, Hansen, LK. Neural Networks for Modelling andControl of Dynamic Systems. Springerl, Heidelberg, Germany; 2000.
[214] Wilamowski, BM, Iplikci, S, Kaynak, O, Efe, MO. An algorithm for fast convergence intraining neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. 2001:1778-1782.
[215] Mackay, DJ. Introduction to Gaussian Processes. In: Proc. Neural Networks and MachineLearning Conference, 1997, pp. 133-165.
[216] Robert, CP, Casella, G. Monte Carlo Statistical Methods. Springerl, Heidelberg, Germany;2004.
[217] Isermann, R. Fault-Diagnosis Systems: An Introduction from Fault Detection to FaultTolerance. Springerl, Heidelberg, Germany; 2006.
[218] Esteves, R, Valente, A, Costa, M, Reis, F, Azevedo, EB. Dados direccionais de agitaçãomarítima nos Açores (Projecto CLIMAAT-CLIMA e Meteorologia dos ArquipélagosAtlânticos). 6s Jornadas Portuguesas de Engenharia Costeira e Portuária, PIANC, Funchal;2009.
[219] Azevedo, EB, Rodrigues, MC. Projectos CLIMAAT & CLIMARCOST Clima e Meteo-rologia dos Arquipélagos Atlânticos, Clima Marítimo e Costeiro. Workshop Intenacionalsobre Clima e Recursos Naturais nos Países de Língua Portuguesa, WSCRA08. 2008;.
[220] Barrera, C, Azevedo, EB, Rueda, MJ, Gelado, MD, O L. Real-time monitoring networkin the Macaronesian region as a contribution to the Coastal Ocean Observations Panel(COOP). Journal of Operational Oceanography. 2008;1:59-69.
[221] Ochi, MK. Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes. Wiley Inter-Science, New York;1990.
[222] Bernhard, HP. A tight upper bound on the gain of linear and nonlinear predictorsfor stationary stochastic processes. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1998Nov;46(11):2909-2917.
[223] Shannon, CE. The mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal.1948;(27):379-423.
[224] Hong, X, Billings, SA. Time Series Multistep-ahead predictability estimation and ranking. Journal of Forecasting. 1999;18:139-149.
[225] Tedd, J, Frigaard, P. Short term wave forecasting, using digital filters, for improved controlof wave energy converters. In: Proc. International Offshore and Polar EngineeringConference, Lisbon, Portugal, 2007, pp. 388-394.
[226] Belmont, MR, Horwood, JMK, Thurley, RWF, Baker, J. Shallow angle wave profilingLIDAR. Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 2007;24(6):1150-1156.
[227] Halliday, JR, Dorrell, DG, Wood, AR. An application of the fast fourier transform to theshort-term prediction of sea wave behaviour. IEEE Transactions on Renewable Energy.2011 June;36(6):1685-1692.
[228] Belmont, M, Horwood, J, Thurley, R, Baker, J. Filters for linear sea-wave prediction. OceanEngineering. 2006 Dec;33(17-18):2332-2351.
[229] Voronovich, V, Holmes, B, Thomas, GP. A preliminary numerical and experimental studyof wave prediction. In: Proc. 6th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC),Glasgow, UK, 2005, pp. 535-542.
[230] Monk, K, Conley, D, Lopes, M, Zou, Q. Pneumatic power regulation by wave forecastingand real-time relief valve control for an OWC. In: Proc. European Wave and Tidal EnergyConference Series, Aalborg, Denmark, 2013.
[231] Paparella, F, Monk, K, Winands, V, Lopes, M, Conley, D, Ringwood, JV. Up-wave andautoregressive methods for short-term wave forecasting for an oscillating water column. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2015;6(1):171-178.
[232] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. Short-term wave forecasting for real-time control of wave energyconverters. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2010 July;1(2):99-106.
[233] Korde, UA. Up-wave surface elevation for smooth hydrodynamic control of wave energyconversion in irregular waves. In: Proc. OCEANS'13 MTS/IEEE, San Diego, 2013.
[234] Shook, DS, Mohtadi, C, Shah, SL. Identification for long-range predictive control. IEEProceedings D - Control Theory and Applications.1991;138:75-84.
[235] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. A study on the prediction requirements in real-time control ofwave energy converters. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2012;3(1):176-184.
[236] Paparella, F, Monk, K, Winands, V, Lopes, M, Conley, D, Ringwood, JV. Benefits of up-wavemeasurements in linear short-term wave forecasting for wave energy applications. In:Proc. IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control, Antibes, France, 2014.
[237] Fusco, F, Ringwood, JV. A model for the sensitivity of non-causal control of wave energyconverters to wave excitation force prediction errors. In: Proc. 9th European Wave andTidal Energy Conference (EWTEC), Southampton, UK, 2011.
[238] Kovaltchouk, T, Rongere, F, Primot, M, Aubry, J, Ahmed, HB, Multon, B. Model predictivecontrol of a direct wave energy converter constrained by the electrical chain using anenergetic approach. In: European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Nantes, 2015, pp.07D3-1-1-07D3-1-10.
[239] Tona, P, Hoai-Nam, N, Sabiron, G, Creff, Y. An efficiency-aware model predictive controlstrategy for a heaving buoy wave energy converter. In: European Wave and Tidal EnergyConference, Nantes; 2015, pp. 07D3-2-1-07D3-2-10.
[240] Pizer, D. Maximum wave-power absorption of point absorbers under motion constraints. Applied Ocean Research. 1993;15(4):227-234.
[241] Falnes, J. Maximum wave-energy absorption by oscillating systems consisting of bodiesand water columns with restricted or unrestricted amplitudes. In: Proc. InternationalOffshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Seattle, WA, 2000, pp. 420-425.
[242] Boyd, JP. Chebyshev and Fourier Spectral Methods. Dover, Mineola, NY; 2001.
[243] Bjarte-Larsson, T, Falnes, J. Laboratory experiment on heaving body with hydraulic power take-off and latching control. Ocean Engineering. 2006 May;33(7):847-877.
[244] Weller, SD, Stallard, TJ, Stansby, PK. Experimental measurements of the complex motion of a suspended axisymmetric floating body in regular and near-focused waves. AppliedOcean Research. 2013;39(0):137-145.
[245] Atkinson, K, Han, W. Theoretical Numerical Analysis: A Functional Analysis Framework.Springerl, Heidelberg, Germany; 2005.
[246] Timan, AF. Theory of Approximation of Functions of a Real Variable. Courier Dover Publications, New York; 1994.
[247] Abzug, MJ, Larrabee, EE. Airplane Stability and Control: A History of the TechnologiesThat Made Aviation Possible, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 2002.
[248] Budal, K, Falnes, J. A resonant point absorver of ocean waves. Nature. 1975;256:478-479.
[249] Babarit, A, Clément, AH. Optimal latching control of a wave energy device in regular and irregular waves. Applied Ocean Research. 2006 April;28(2):77-91.
[250] Babarit, A, Clément, AH. Application of the optimal command method to the control of SEAREV wave energy converter: A study on the influence of time constants on theefficiency of latching control. In: European Control Conference, Budapest, Hungary, 2009.
[251] Alves, M, Traylor, H, Sarmento, A. Hydrodynamic optimization of a wave energy converterusing a heave motion buoy. In: Proc. 6th International Conference on Wave and TidalEnergy, Porto, Portugal, 2007.
[252] McCabe, AP, Aggidis, GA, Widden, MB. Optimizing the shape of a surge-and-pitch waveenergy collector using a genetic algorithm. Renewable Energy. 2010;35(12):2767-2775.
[253] McCabe, AP. Constrained optimization of the shape of a wave energy collector by geneticalgorithm. Renewable Energy. 2013;51:274-284.
[254] Kurniawan, A, Moan, T. Optimal geometries for wave absorbers oscillating about a fixedaxis. Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 2013;38(1):117-130.
[255] Gilloteaux, JC, Ringwood, JV. Control-informed geometric optimisation of wave energyconverters. In: Proc. IFAC Conference on Control Applications in Marine Systems(CAMS), Rostock, Germany, 2010, pp. 399-404.
[256] Bacelli, G, Ringwood, JV. Numerical optimal control of wave energy converters. IEEETransactions on Sustainable Energy. 2015 April;6(2):294-302.
[257] Babarit, A, Duclos, G, Clément, AH. Comparison of latching strategies for a heaving waveenergy device in random sea. Applied Ocean Research. 2004 July;26(5):227-238.
[258] Nolan, G, Ringwood, JV, Leithead, WE, Butler, S. Optimal damping profiles for a heavingbuoy wave-energy converter. In: Proc. 15th International Offshore and Polar EngineeringConference, Seoul, Korea, 2005.
[259] Hals, J, Bjarte-Larsson, T, Falnes, J. Optimum reactive control and control by latching ofa wave-absorbing semisubmerged heaving sphere. ASME Conference Proceedings. 2002Jan;2002(36142):415-423.
[260] Budal, K, Falnes, J, Iversen, LC, Lillebeken, PM, Oltedal, G, Hals, T, et al. The Norwegianwave-power buoy project. In: Proc. 2nd International Symposium on Wave EnergyUtilization, Trondheim, Norway, 1982, pp. 323-344.
[261] Eidsmoen, H. Tight-moored amplitude-limited heaving buoy wave energy converter withphase control. Applied Ocean Research. 1998 June;20(3):157-161.
[262] Korde, UA. Phase control of floating bodies from an on-board reference. Applied OceanResearch. 2001 Oct;23(5):251-262.
[263] Falcão, AFO. Phase control through load control of oscillating-body wave energyconverters with hydraulic PTO system. Ocean Engineering. 2008;35(3):358-366.
[264] Lopes, MFP, Hals, J, Gomes, RPF, Moan, T, Gato, LMC, Falcão, AFO. Experimental andnumerical investigation of non-predictive phase-control strategies for a point-absorbingwave energy converter. Ocean Engineering. 2009;36(5):386-402.
[265] Feng, Z, Kerrigan, EC. Latching control of wave energy converters using derivative-freeoptimization. In: Proc. IEEE 52nd Annual Conference on Decision and Control, Florence,Italy, 2013, pp. 7474-7479.
[266] Folley, M, Whittaker, T. The control of wave energy converters using active bipolardamping. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal ofEngineering for the Maritime Environment. 2009 Nov;223(4):479-487.
[267] Teillant, B, Gilloteaux, JC, V RJ. Optimal damping profile for a heaving buoy wave energyconverter. In: IFAC Conference on Control Applications in Marine Systems (CAMS), Rostock, Germany, 2010.
[268] Clément, AH. Babarit, A. Discrete control of resonant wave energy devices. PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences.2012;370(1959):288-314.
[269] Feng, Z, Kerrigan, EC. Declutching control of wave energy converters using derivative-freeoptimization. In: Proc. 19th IFAC World Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, 2013, pp.7647-7652.
[270] Bacelli, G, Balitsky, P, Ringwood, JV. Coordinated control of arrays of wave energydevices - benefits over independent control. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.2013;4(4):1091-1099.
[271] Wamit, Inc. Wamit User Manual Versions 6.4, 6.4PC and 6.3S, 6.3S-PC. Wamit Inc. andMassachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998-2006.
[272] Labeyrie, J. Stationary and transient states of random seas. Marine Strucutures.1990;3:43-58.
[273] Gao, Z, Moan, T. Mooring system analysis of multiple wave energy converters in a farmconfiguration. In: Proc. 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Uppsala,Sweden, 2009, pp. 509-518.
[274] Sharkey, F, Bannon, E, Conlon, M, Gaughan, K. Maximising value of electrical networksfor wave energy converter arrays. International Journal of Marine Energy. 2013;1:55-69.
[275] Falcão, AFO. Modelling and control of oscillating-body wave energy converters withhydraulic power take-off and gas accumulator. Ocean Engineering. 2007;34:2021-2032.
[276] Balitsky, P, Bacelli, G, Ringwood, JV. Control-influenced layout optimization of arraysof wave energy converters. In: ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering, San Francisco, CA. American Society of MechanicalEngineers; 2014, pp. V09BT09A022.
[277] Bacelli, G, Ringwood, JV, Gilloteaux, JC. A control systyem for a self-reacting pointabsorber wave energy converter subject to constraints. In: Proc. IFAC World Congress, Milan, Italy, 2011, pp. 11387-11392.
[278] Costello, R, Teillant, B, Weber, J, Ringwood, JV. Techno-economic optimisation for waveenergy converters. In: Proc. International Conference on Ocean Energy, Dublin, Ireland, 2012.
[279] Garcia-Rosa, PB, Bacelli, G, Ringwood, JV. Control-Informed Geometric Optimization ofWave Energy Converters: The Impact of Device Motion and Force Constraints. Energies.2015;8(12):13672-13687.
[280] Li, G, Belmont, MR. Model predictive control of sea wave energy converters-Part II: Thecase of an array of devices. Renewable Energy. 2014;68:540-549.

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.