Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 606
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
May 2010
Print publication year:
2007
Online ISBN:
9780511755064
Subjects:
Sociology: General Interest, Sociolinguistics, Language and Linguistics, Sociology

Book description

Style refers to ways of speaking - how speakers use the resource of language variation to make meaning in social encounters. This 2007 book develops a coherent theoretical approach to style in sociolinguistics, illustrated with copious examples. It explains how speakers project different social identities and create different social relationships through their style choices, and how speech-style and social context inter-relate. Style therefore refers to the wide range of strategic actions and performances that speakers engage in, to construct themselves and their social lives. Coupland draws on and integrates a wide variety of contemporary sociolinguistic research as well as his own extensive research in this field. The emphasis is on how social meanings are made locally, in specific relationships, genres, groups and cultures, and on studying language variation as part of the analysis of spoken discourse.

Reviews

'This is a bold book that is ultimately trying to overturn a four-decade tradition of mainstream sociolinguistic research, much (though by no means all) of which has been shaped by the variationist paradigm. That said, the tone is admirably level-headed and remarkably undogmatic. It is also suitably reflexive. … [Coupland] also shows, whilst class-based approaches to language variation were a product of their time - societal functionalism coupled with the economic Fordism of the postwar era - the explanatory power of the Labovian paradigm is well past its use-by date. What we need in its place are theoretical models that can help us to get to grips with the role of language variation and identity in relation to the late-modern, global age in which we now live. Style is a major step in that direction and - without wishing to overstate the point about 'authenticity' - is one of those texts that every serious sociolinguist really does need to read.'

Sally Johnson - University of Leeds

'Coupland's Style is a bold and stimulating work, a programmatic review of work in sociolinguistics taking the reader from Labov's original work on variation in Harlem to the contemporary resource and contextualisation approaches Coupland advocates for the future. … written in an engaging style … I fully recommend this compelling study which has opened my eyes to a number of new angles on linguistic problems and encouraged me to read further in the domain.'

Source: Cercles

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References
Agar, M. (1991) The biculture in bilingual. Language in Society 20, 2: 167–82.
Alladina, Safder and Edwards, Viv (eds.) (1990–1991) Multilingualism in the British Isles. London: Longman.
Anderson, Benedict (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spead of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Androutsopoulos, Jannis (ed.) (2006) Sociolinguistics and Computer-Mediated Communication. (Thematic issue of Journal of Sociolinguistics, Volume 10, Issue 3.).
Antaki, C. and Widdicombe, S. (eds.) (1998) Identities in Talk. London: Sage.
Auer, Peter and Frans Hinskens (2005) The role of interpersonal accommodation in a theory of language change. In Auer, Peter, Hinskens, Frans and Kerswill, Paul (eds.) Dialect Change: The Convergence and Divergence of Dialects in Contemporary Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 335–57.
Austin, J. L. (1962) How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge: Harvard UP (Second edition 1975). Reprinted in Adam Jaworski and Nikolas Coupland (2006) The Discourse Reader. London: Routledge.
Bakhtin, Mikhail (1968) Rabelais and his World. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhail(1981) The Dialogic Imagination (edited by Holquist, M. and translated by C. Emerson & M. Holquist). Austin: University of Texas Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhail(1986) Speech Genres and Other Late Essays (Translated by Vern W. McGee and edited by Emerson, Caryl and Holquist, Michael). Austin: University of Texas Press.
Barrett, Rusty (1999) Indexing polyphonous identity in the speech of African American drag queens. In Bucholtz, Mary, Liang, A. C. and Sutton, Laurel L. (eds.) Reinventing Identities: The Gendered Self in Discourse. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 313–31.
Barth, Frederik (1969) (ed.) Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organisation of Culture Difference. Oslo: Universietsforlaget.
Barth, Frederik(1981) Process and Form in Social Life: Collected Essays of Frederik Barth, Vol.1. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Baugh, John (1979) Linguistic style-shifting in Black English. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
Baugh, John(1983) Black Street Speech: Its History, Structure and Survival. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Bauman, Richard (1977) Verbal Art as Performance. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
Bauman, Richard(1992) Performance. In Bauman, Richard (ed.) Folklore, Cultural Performances, and Popular Entertainments. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 41–9.
Bauman, Richard(1996) Transformations of the word in the production of Mexican festival drama. In Silverstein, Michael and Urban, Greg (eds.) Natural Histories of Discourse. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 301–27.
Bauman, Richard and Briggs, Charles (1990) Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology 19: 59–88.
Bauman, Richard and Sherzer, Joel (eds.) (1989) Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bayley, Robert (2004) The quantitative paradigm. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter and Schilling-Estes, Natalie (eds.) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 117–41.
Beck, Ulrich (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage.
Beck, Ulrich, Giddens, Anthony and Lash, Scott (1996) Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Bell, Allan (1984) Language style as audience design. Language in Society 13: 145–204.
Bell, Allan(1992) Hit and miss: Referee design in the dialects of New Zealand television advertising. Language and Communication 12: 327–40.
Bell, Allan(1999) Styling the other to define the self: A study in New Zealand identity making. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3, 4: 523–41.
Bell, Allan(2001) Back in style: Reworking audience design. In Eckert, Penelope and Rickford, John R. (eds.) Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139–69.
Belsey, Catherne (2005) Culture and the Real. London: Routledge.
Bendix, Regina (1997) In Search of Authenticity: The Formation of Folklore Studies. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Berger, P. and Luckmann, T. (1971) The Social Construction of Reality. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Bernstein, Basil (1971–1990) Class, Codes and Control, 4 Volumes. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Bernstein, Basil(1996) Pedagogy, Symbolic Control and Identity: Theory, Research, Critique. London: Taylor and Francis.
Bhabha, Homi (1994) The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
Bishop, Hywel, Coupland, Nikolas and Garrett, Peter (2005) Conceptual accent evaluation: Thirty years of accent prejudice in the UK. Acta Linguistica Havniensia 37: 131–54.
Blom, Jan-Petter and John Gumperz (1972) Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code-switching in Norway. In Gumperz, John and Hymes, Dell (eds) Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 407–434.
Blommaert, Jan (1999) Language Ideological Debates. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Blommaert, Jan(2005) Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre(1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (Translated by R. Nice). London: Routledge.
Bourdieu, Pierre(1991) Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Bourhis, Richard Y. and Howard Giles (1977) The language of intergroup distinctiveness. In Giles, Howard (ed.) Language, Ethnicity and Intergroup Relations. London: Academic Press, pp. 119–35.
Britain, David (1992) Linguistic change in intonation: The use of High Rising Terminals in New Zealand English. Language Variation and Change 4, 1: 77–104.
Brown, Penelope and Levinson, Stephen (1987) Politeness: Some Universals of Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, Roger and Ford, M. (1961) Address in American English. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62: 375–85. Also appears in J. Laver and S. Hutcheson (eds.) (1972) Communication in Face to face Interaction. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Brown, Roger and A. Gilman (1960) The pronouns of power and solidarity. In Sebeok, T. A. (ed.) Style in Language. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, pp. 253–77.
Bucholtz, Mary (1999a) ‘Why be normal?’ Language and identity practices in a community of nerd girls. Language in Society 28: 203–223.
Bucholtz, Mary(1999b) ‘You da man’: Narrating the racial other in the production of white masculinity. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3, 4: 443–60.
Bucholtz, Mary(2003) Sociolinguistic nostalgia and the authentication of experience. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7, 398–416.
Bucholtz, Mary and Hall, Kira (2004) Theorizing identity in language and sexuality research. Language in Society 33: 469–515.
Bühler, Karl (1934) Sprachtheorie. Jena: Fischer.
Butler, Judith (1997) Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. New York and London: Routledge.
Cameron, Deborah (1990) De-mythologising sociolinguistics: Why language does not reflect society. In Joseph, John and Taylor, Talbot (eds.) Ideologies of Language. London: Routledge, pp. 79–93.
Cameron, Deborah(1995) Verbal Hygiene. London: Routledge.
Cameron, Deborah(2000) Styling the worker: Gender and the commodification of language in the globalized service economy. Journal of Sociolinguistics 4, 3: 323–47.
Cameron, Deborah(2005) Language, gender and sexuality: Current issues and new directions. Applied Linguistics 26, 4: 482–502.
Cameron, Deborah and Kulick, Don (2003) Language and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chambers, J. K. (1995) Sociolinguistic Theory: Linguistic Variation and its Social Significance (Second edition 2003). Oxford: Blackwell.
Chambers, J. K.(2004) Studying language variation: An informal epistemology. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter and Schilling-Estes, Natalie (eds.) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 3–14.
Chambers, J. K. and Trudgill, Peter (1999) Dialectology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter and Schilling-Estes, Natalie (eds.) (2004) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Cheshire, Jenny (1998) Linguistic variation and social function. In Coates, Jennifer (ed.) Language and Gender: A Reader. Blackwell: Oxford, pp. 29–41.
Cheshire, Jenny(2000) The telling or the tale? Narratives and gender in adolescent friendship networks. Journal of Sociolinguistics 4, 2: 234–62.
Cheshire, Jenny(2004) Sex and gender in variationist research. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter and Schilling-Estes, Natalie (eds.) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 423–43.
Clark, Herbert H. (1993) Arenas of Language Use. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Coates, Jennifer (2003) Men Talk: Stories in the Making of Masculinities. Oxford: Blackwell.
Coates, Jennifer(2004) Women, Men and Language (Third edition). London: Pearson Longman.
Coupland, Justine (ed.) (2000) Small Talk. London: Longman.
Coupland, Justine, Coupland, Nikolas and Robinson, Jeffrey D. (1992) ‘How are you?’: Negotiating phatic communion. Language in Society 21: 207–230.
Coupland, Nikolas (1980) Style-shifting in a Cardiff work setting. Language in Society 9: 1–12.
Coupland, Nikolas(1984) Accommodation at work: Some phonological data and their implications. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 46: 49–70.
Coupland, Nikolas(1985) ‘Hark, hark the lark’: Social motivations for phonological style-shifting. Language and Communication 5: 153–72.
Coupland, Nikolas(1988) Dialect in Use: Sociolinguistic Variation in Cardiff English. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Coupland, Nikolas(1995). Pronunciation and the rich points of culture. In Lewis, J. Windsor (ed.) Studies in English and General Phonetics: In Honour of Professor J. D. O'Connor. London: Routledge, pp. 310–19.
Coupland, Nikolas(2000a) ‘Other’ representation. In Verschueren, Jef, Ostman, Jan-Ola, Blommaert, Jan and Bulcaen, ChrisHandbook of Pragmatics: Instalment 2000. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co.
Coupland, Nikolas(2000b) Sociolinguistic prevarication over standard English. Review article of Tony Bex and Richard J. Watts (eds.) (1999) Standard English: The Widening Debate. Journal of Sociolinguistics 4, 4: 630–42.
Coupland, Nikolas(2001a) Introduction: Sociolinguistic theory and social theory. In Coupland, N., Sarangi, S. and Candlin, C. N. (eds.) Sociolinguistics and Social Theory. London: Longman/Pearson Education, pp. 1–26.
Coupland, Nikolas(2001b). Language, situation and the relational self: Theorising dialect style in sociolinguistics. In Eckert, Penelope and Rickford, John R., (eds.) Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 185–210.
Coupland, Nikolas(2001c) Dialect stylisation in radio talk. Language in Society 30: 345–75.
Coupland, Nikolas(2001d) Age in social and sociolinguistic theory. In Coupland, Nikolas, Sarangi, Srikant and Candlin, Christopher N. (eds.) Sociolinguistics and Social Theory. London: Longman, pp. 185–211.
Coupland, Nikolas(2003) Sociolinguistic authenticities. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7: 417–31.
Coupland, Nikolas(in pressa) The discursive framing of phonological acts of identity: Welshness through English. In Davies, Catherine Evans, Brutt-Griffler, Janina and Pickering, Lucy (eds.) English and Ethnicity. London: Palgrave.
Coupland, Nikolas(in pressb) Aneurin Bevan, class wars and the styling of political antagonism. In Auer, P. (ed.) Social Identity and Communicative Styles: An Alternative Approach to Variability in Language. Berlin: Moutande Gruyter.
Coupland, Nikolas(in pressc) ‘Hark hark the Lark’: Multiple voicing in DJ talk. In Graddol, D., Leith, D., Swann, J., Rhys, M. & Gillen, J. (eds.) Changing English. London: Routledge in association with the Open University.
Coupland, Nikolas and Bishop, Hywel (2007) Ideologised values for British accents. Journal of Sociolinguistics 10, 5:.
Coupland, Nikolas, Bishop, Hywel, Evans, Betsy and Garrett, Peter (2006) Imagining Wales and the Welsh language: Ethnolinguistic subjectivities and demographic flow. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 25, 4: 351–76.
Coupland, Nikolas, Bishop, Hywel and Garrett, Peter (2003) Home truths: Globalisation and the iconisation of Welsh in a Welsh-American newspaper. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 24, 3: 153–77.
Coupland, Nikolas, Coupland, Justine and Giles, Howard (1991) Language, Society and the Elderly: Discourse, Identity and Ageing. Oxford: Blackwell.
Coupland, Nikolas, Coupland, Justine, Giles, Howard and Henwood, Karen (1988) Accommodating the elderly: Invoking and extending a theory. Language in Society 17, 2: 1–42.
Coupland, Nikolas, Peter Garrett and Angie Williams (2005) Narrative demands, cultural performance and evaluation: Teenage boys' stories for their age-peers. In Thornborrow, Joanna and Coates, Jen (eds.) Sociolinguistics of Narrative. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 67–88.
Coupland, Nikolas and Howard Giles (eds.) (1988) Communicative Accommodation: Recent Developments. (Double special issue of Language and Communication, Vol. 8, 3/4.)
Coupland, Nikolas and Adam Jaworski (2004) Sociolinguistic perspectives on metalanguage: Reflexivity, evaluation and ideology. In Jaworski, Adam, Coupland, Nikolas and Galasiński, Dariusz (eds.) Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 15–52.
Coupland, Nikolas, Sarangi, Srikant and Candlin, Christopher N. (eds.) (2001) Sociolinguistics and Social Theory. London: Longman.
Cukor-Avila, Patricia and Bailey, Guy (2001) The effects of the race of the interviewer on sociolinguistic fieldwork. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5: 254–70.
Cutler, Cecilia A. (1999) Yorkville crossing: White teens, hip hop, and African American English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3, 4: 428–42.
Dailey-O'Cain, Jennifer (2000) The sociolinguistic distribution of and attitudes toward focuser like and quotative like. Journal of Sociolinguistics 4: 60–80.
Dickey, E. (1997) Forms of address and terms of reference. Journal of Linguistics 33: 225–74.
Douglas-Cowie, Ellen (1978) Linguistic code-switching in a Northern Irish village: Social interaction and social ambition. In Trudgill, Peter (ed.) Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English. London: Edward Arnold, pp. 37–51.
Downes, William (1998) Language and Society (Second edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Duranti, Alessandro (1997) Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eastman, Carol M. and Stein, Roberta F. (1993). Language display: Authenticating claims to social identity. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 14, 3: 187–202.
Eckert, Penelope (2000). Linguistic Variation as Social Practice. Maldon, Mass. and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Eckert, Penelope(2001) Style and social meaning. In Eckert, P. and Rickford, J. (eds.) Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 119–26.
Eckert, Penelope(2002) Demystifying sexuality and desire. In Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn, Podesva, Robert J., Roberts, Sarah and Wong, Andrew (eds.) Language and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice. Stanford: CSLI Publications, pp. 99–110.
Eckert, Penelope(2003) Elephants in the room. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7, 3: 392–7.
Eckert, Penelope(2004) Variation and a sense of place. In Fought, Carmen (ed.) Sociolinguistic Variation: Critical Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 107–118.
Eckert, Penelope(2005) Stylistic practice and the adolescent social order. In Williams, Angie and Thurlow, Crispin (eds.) Talking Adolescence: Perspectives on Communication in the Teenage Years. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 93–110.
Eckert, Penelope and McConell-Ginet, Sally (1992) Think practically and look locally: Language and gender as community-based practice. Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 461–90.
Eckert, Penelope and Rickford, John (eds.) (2001) Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Eggins, Suzanne and Martin, J. R. (1997) Genre and registers of discourse. In Teun A. van Dijk (ed.) Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, Vol. 1, Discourse as Structure and Process. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, pp. 230–56.
Ervin-Tripp, Susan (1973) Language Acquisition and Communicative Choice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Fairclough, Norman (1992a) Introduction. In Fairclough, N. (ed.) Critical Language Awareness. London: Longman, pp. 1–29.
Fairclough, Norman(1992b) The appropriacy of appropriateness. In Fairclough, N. (ed.) Critical Language Awareness. London: Longman, pp. 33–56.
Fairclough, Norman(1995a) Media Discourse. London: Edward Arnold.
Fairclough, Norman(1995b) Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Longman.
Feagin, Crawford (2004) Entering the community: Fieldwork. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter and Schilling-Estes, Natalie (eds.) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 20–39.
Ferguson, Charles A (1996) Socio-linguistic Perspectives: Papers on Language in Society, 1959–1994. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Figueroa, Esther (1994) Sociolinguistic Metatheory. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Firth, John, R. (1957) Papers in Linguistics 1934–1951. London: Oxford.
Foucault, Michel (1984) The order of discourse. In Shapiro, M. (ed.) Language and Politics. New York: New York University Press, pp. 108–138.
Foulkes, Paul and Gerard Docherty (1999) Urban Voices – overview. In Foulkes, Paul and Docherty, Gerard (eds.) Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold, pp. 1–24.
Gal, Susan and Irvine, Judith (1995) The boundaries of languages and disciplines: How ideologies construct difference. Social Research 62: 967–1001.
Garrett, Peter (forthcoming) Language Attitudes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Garrett, Peter, Coupland, Nikolas and Williams, Angie (1999) Evaluating dialect in discourse: Teachers' and teenagers' responses to young English speakers in Wales. Language in Society 28: 321–54.
Garrett, Peter, Coupland, Nikolas and Williams, Angie(2003) Investigating Language Attitudes: Social Meanings of Dialect, Ethnicity and Performance. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
Garrett, Peter, Nikolas Coupland and Angie Williams(2004) Adolescents' lexical repertoires of peer evaluation: ‘Boring prats’ and ‘English snobs’. In Jaworski, Adam, Coupland, Nikolas and Galasinski, Darius (eds.) Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. The Hague: Mouton, pp. 193–225.
Genessee, F. and Bourhis, R. Y. (1988) Evaluative reactions to language choice strategies: The role of sociostructural factors. Language and Communication 8: 229–50.
Giddens, Anthony (1984) The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity.
Giddens, Anthony(1991) Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press (in association with Basil Blackwell).
Giddens, Anthony(1996) Living in a post-traditional society. In Beck, Ulrich, Giddens, Anthony and Lash, Scott, Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order. Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 56–109.
Giddens, Anthony(2002) Runaway World: How Globalisation is Shaping our Lives. London: Profile Books.
Giles, Howard (1973) Accent mobility: A model and some data. Anthropological Linguistics 15: 87–105.
Giles, Howard(2001) Couplandia and beyond. In Eckert, and Rickford, . Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 211–19.
Giles, Howard, Coupland, Justine and Coupland, Nikolas (eds.) (1991) Contexts of Accommodation: Developments in Applied Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Giles, Howard and Coupland, Nikolas (1991) Language: Contexts and Consequences. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Giles, Howard and Patricia Johnson (1981) The role of language in ethnic group relations. In Turner, John C. and Giles, Howard (eds.) Intergroup Behaviour. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 199–243.
Giles, Howard and Powesland, Peter (1975) Speech Style and Social Evaluation. London: Academic Press.
Goffman, Erving (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday.
Goffman, Erving(1971) Relations in Public. London: Allen Lane.
Goffman, Erving(1974) Frame Analysis. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Goffman, Erving(1981). Forms of Talk. Oxford: Blackwell.
Gregory, Michael and Carroll, Suzanne (1978) Language and Situation: Language Varieties and their Social Contexts. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Gumperz, John J. (1982) Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gumperz, John J.(1996) Introduction to Part I. In Gumperz, John J. and Levinson, Stephen C. (eds.) Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 359–73.
Gumperz, John J. and Hymes, Dell (eds.) (1972) Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Hall, Stuart (1996) Introduction: Who needs ‘identity’? In Hall, Stuart and Gay, Paul du (eds.) Questions of Cultural Identity. London: Sage, pp. 1–17.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1978) Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K.(1996) Linguistic function and literary style: An inquiry into the language of William Golding's The Inheritors. In Weber, Jean Jacques (ed.) The Stylistics Reader: From Roman Jabobson to the Present. London: Arnold, pp. 56–91.
Hammersley, Martyn and Atkinson, Paul (1995) Ethnography: Principles in Practice (Second edition). London: Routledge.
Hanks, William F. (1996) Exorcism and the description of participant roles. In Silverstein, Michael and Urban, Greg (eds.) Natural Histories of Discourse. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 160–200.
Hannerz, Ulf (1996) Transnational Connections. London: Routledge.
Hasan, Ruqaia (1996) Ways of Saying: Ways of Meaning. London: Cassell.
Hebdige, Dick (1979). Subculture: The Meaning of Style. London: Methuen.
Hewitt, Roger (1986) White Talk Black Talk; Inter-racial Friendship and Communication Amongst Adolescents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hewstone, Miles and H. Howard Giles (1986) Social groups and social stereotypes in intergroup communication: A review and model of intergroup communication breakdown. In Gudykunst, William B. (ed.) Intergroup Communication. Baltimore: Edward Arnold, pp. 10–26.
Hill, Jane H. (1995) Junk Spanish, covert racism, and the (leaky) boundary between public and private spheres. Pragmatics 5: 197–212.
Hill, Jane H.(1998) Language, race and white public space. American Anthropologist 100, 3: 680–89.
Hill, Jane H. and Hill, Kenneth (1986). Speaking Mexicano. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Hill, Jane H. and Irvine, Judith T. (eds.) (1993) Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hinskens, Frans, Peter Auer and Paul Kerswill (2005) Introduction: The study of dialect convergence and divergence – conceptual and methodological considerations. In Auer, Peter, Hinskens, Frans and Kerswill, Paul (eds.) Dialect Change: Convergence and Divergence in European Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–48.
Holmes, Janet (1994) New Zealand flappers: An analysis of T Voicing in New Zealand English. English World-Wide 15, 2: 195–224.
Holmes, Janet(1997) Setting new standards: Sound changes and gender in New Zealand English. English World-Wide 18, 1: 107–142.
Holmes, Janet and Meyerhoff, Miriam (1999) The community of practice: Theories and methodologies in language and gender research. Language in Society 28: 173–83.
Hutcheon, Linda (1985) A Theory of Parody. New York: Methuen.
Hutcheon, Linda(1994) Irony's Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony. London: Routledge.
Hymes, Dell (1962) The ethnography of speaking. In Gladwin, T. and Sturtevant, W. C. (eds.) Anthropology and Human Behaviour. Washington: Anthropological Society of Washington, pp. 15–53.
Hymes, Dell(1964) Toward ethnographies of communication. In Gumperz, John J. and Hymes, Dell (eds.) The Ethnography of Communication. Washington DC: American Anthropologist (Special Issue), pp. 1–34.
Hymes, Dell(1972). Models of the interaction of language and social life. In Gumperz, John J. and Hymes, Dell (eds.) Directions in Sociolinguistics. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 35–71.
Hymes, Dell(1974) Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hymes, Dell(1975) Breakthrough into performance. In Ben-Amos, Dan and Goldstein, Kenneth S. (eds.) Folklore: Performance and Communication. The Hague: Mouton.
Hymes, Dell(1996) Ethnography, Linguistics, Narrative Inequality: Toward an Understanding of Voice. London: Taylor and Francis.
Irvine, Judith T. (1996). Shadow conversations: The indeterminacy of participant roles. In Silverstein, Michael and Urban, Greg (eds.) Natural Histories of Discourse. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, pp. 131–59.
Irvine, Judith T.(2001) ‘Style’ as distinctiveness: The culture and ideology of linguistic differentiation. In Eckert, Penelope and Rickford, John R. (eds.) Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–43.
Jakobson, Roman (1960) Concluding statement: Linguistics and poetics. In Sebeok, T. A. (ed.) Style in Language. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, pp. 350–77.
Jaworski, Adam and Coupland, Justine (2005) “You go out, you have a laugh and you can pull, yeah, but …” Othering in gossip. Language in Society 34, 5: 667–94.
Jaworski, Adam and Coupland, Nikolas (eds.) (2007) The Discourse Reader (Second edition). London: Routledge.
Jaworski, Adam, Coupland, Nikolas and Galasiński, Dariusz (eds.) (2004) Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. The Hague: Mouton.
Jaworski, Adam and Pritchard, Annette (eds.) (2005) Discourse, Communication and Tourism. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
Jenkins, R. (1997) Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations. London: Sage.
Johnson, Fern L. (2000) Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Johnstone, Barbara (1995) Sociolinguistic resources, individual identities and the public speech styles of Texas women. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 5: 1–20.
Johnstone, Barbara(1996) The Linguistic Individual: Self-expression in Language and Linguistics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Johnstone, Barbara(1999) Uses of Southern speech by contemporary Texas women. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3: 505–522.
Johnstone, Barbara(2004) Place, globalization and linguistic variation. In Fought, Carmen (ed.) Sociolinguistic Variation: Critical reflections. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 65–83.
Johnstone, Barbara and Bean, Judith Mattson (1997) Self-expression and linguistic variation. Language in Society 26: 221–46.
Jones, Daniel (1917) English Pronouncing Dictionary (First edition). London: Dent.
Joos, Martin (1962) The Five Clocks. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
Kelly, Katherine E. (1994) Staging repetition: Parody in postmodern British and American theatre. In Johnstone, Barbara (ed.) Repetition in Discourse: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Vol. 1. Norwood, NJ.: Ablex, pp. 55–67.
Kiesling, Scott Fabius (1998) Men's identities and sociolinguistic variation: The case of fraternity men. Journal of Sociolinguistics 2: 69–99.
Kristiansen, Tore (2004) Social meaning and norm-ideals for speech in a Danish community. In Jaworski, Adam, Coupland, Nikolas and Galasinski, Darius (eds.) Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 167–92.
Kristiansen, Tore, Peter Garrett and Nikolas Coupland (eds.) (2006) Subjective Processes in Language Variation and Change. Acta Linguistica Havniensia, Volume 37.
Kress, Gunther and Leeuwen, Theo (2001) Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. London: Arnold.
Kulick, Don (2003) Review of Jennifer Coates (2003) Men Talk: Stories in the Making of Masculinities. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7: 628–30.
Labov, William (1966) The Social Stratification of English in New York City. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Labov, William(1972a) Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Labov, William(1972b) Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Labov, William(1972c) Some principles of linguistic methodology. Language in Society 1: 97–120.
Labov, William(1982) Objectivity and commitment in linguistic science. Language in Society 11: 165–211.
Labov, William(1990) The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation and Change 2: 205–254.
Labov, William(1994) Principles of Linguistic Change: Internal Factors. Malden, Mass. and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Labov, William(2001a) Principles of Linguistic Change: Social Factors. Malden, Mass. and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Labov, William(2001b) The anatomy of style-shifting. In Eckert, Penelope and Rickford, John R. (eds.) Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 85–108.
Labov, William(2006) The Social Stratification of English in New York City (Second edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, Robin (1975) Language and Woman's Place. New York: Harper and Row.
Lavandera, Beatriz R. (1978) Where does the sociolinguistic variable stop? Language in Society 7: 171–83.
Lave, Jean and Wenger, Étienne (1991) Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Leckie-Tarry, Helen (1995) Language and Context: A Functional Linguistic Theory of Register. London: Pinter.
Lee, David (1992) Competing Discourses: Perspective and Ideology in Language. London: Longman.
Page, Robert B. and Tabouret-Keller, Andrée (1985) Acts of Identity: Creole-based Approaches to Language and Ethnicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lippi-Green, Rosina (1997) English with an Accent: Language, Ideology and Discrimination in the United States. London and New York: Routledge.
Livia, Anna and Hall, Kira (1997) Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press.
Macaulay, Ronald (1997) Standards and Variation in Urban Speech. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Macaulay, Ronald(2001) The question of genre. In Eckert, Penelope and Rickford, John R., (eds.) Style and Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 78–82.
Macaulay, Ronald(2005) Talk That Counts: Age, Gender, and Social Class Differences in Discourse. New York: Oxford University Press.
Machin, David and Leeuwen, Theo (2005) Language style and lifestyle: The case of a global magazine. Media, Culture and Society 27, 4: 577–600.
Maher, John C. (2005) Metroethnicity, language and the principle of Cool. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 175/6: 83–102.
Malinowski, Bronislaw (1923). The problem of meaning in primitive languages. Supplement to C. Ogden and I. Richards The Meaning of Meaning. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp. 146–52.
Manning, Paul (2004) The streets of Bethesda: The slate quarrier and the Welsh language in the Welsh Liberal imagination. Language in Society 33: 517–48.
Mead, George Herbert (1932) Philosophy of the Present. LaSalle, Ill.: Open Court.
Mead, George Herbert(1934) Mind, Self and Society. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Mees, Inger and Beverley Collins (1999) Cardiff: A real-time study of glottalization. In Foulkes, Paul and Docherty, Gerard (eds.) Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold, pp. 185–202.
Mendoza-Denton, Norma (2004) Language and identity. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter and Schilling-Esrtes, Natalie (eds.) Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 474–99.
Milroy, James 2001. Language ideologies and the consequences of standardization. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5, 4: 530–55.
Milroy, James and Milroy, Lesley (1985) Authority in Language: Investigating Language Prescription and Standardisation. London: Routledge.
Milroy, James and Lesley Milroy(1997) Varieties and variation. In Coulmas, Florian (ed.) The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 47–64.
Milroy, Lesley (1987) Observing and Analysing Natural Language. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Milroy, Lesley(2004) Language ideologies and linguistic change. In Fought, Carmen (ed.) Sociolinguistic Variation: Critical Reflections. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 161–77.
Montgomery, Martin (2001) Defining ‘authentic talk’. Discourse Studies 3, 4: 397–404.
Moore, Emma (2003) Learning Style and Identity: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of a Bolton High School. Doctoral dissertation, University of Manchester, UK.
Morgan, Kenneth O. (1989) The Red Dragon and the Red Flag: The Cases of James Griffiths and Aneurin Bevan. Aberystwyth: The National Library of Wales.
Morson, Gary (1989) Theory of parody. In Morson, G. S. and Emerson, C. (eds.) Rethinking Bakhtin. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, pp. 63–86.
Mugglestone, Lynda (2003) Talking Proper: The Rise of Accent as Social Symbol. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Newbrook, Mark (1999) West Wirral: Norms, self reports and usage. In Foulkes, Paul and Docherty, Gerard (eds.) Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold, pp. 90–106.
Niedzielski, Nancy and Preston, Dennis (2003) Folk Linguistics. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ochs, Elinor (1992) Indexing gender. In Duranti, A. and Goodwin, C. (eds.) Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 335–58.
Ochs, Elinor and Schieffelin, Bambi (eds.) (1986) Language Socialization across Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1931–58) Collected Writings (8 Vols.) (edited by Hartshorne, Charles, Weiss, Paul and Burks, Arthur W.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Potter, Jonathan and Wetherell, Margaret (1987) Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour. London: Sage.
Pratt, Mary Louise (1987) Linguistic utopias. In Fabb, Nigel, Attridge, D., Durant, A. and MacCabe, C. (eds.) The Linguistics of Writing: Arguments between Language and Literature. Machester: Manchester University Press and New York: Methuen, pp. 48–66.
Preston, Dennis (1996) “Whaddayaknow”: The modes of folk linguistic awareness. Language Awareness 5, 1: 40–74.
Rampton, Ben (1991). Interracial Panjabi in a British adolescent peer group. Language in Society 20, 3: 391–422.
Rampton, Ben(1995) Crossing. London: Longman.
Rampton, Ben(1999) (ed.) Styling the Other. Special issue of Journal of Sociolinguistics 3, 4.
Rampton, Ben(2000) Speech community. In J Verschueren, J.-O. Ostman, J. Blommaert and C. Bulcaen (eds.) Handbook of Pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1–34. (Also at http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/education/ULL/wpull.html)
Rampton, Ben(2006) Language in Late Modernity: Interaction in an Urban School. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reid, Euan (1978) Social and stylistic variation in the speech of children: Some evidence from Edinburgh. In Trudgill, Peter (ed.) Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English. London: Edward Arnold, pp. 158–171.
Richardson, Kay (2006) The dark arts of good people: How popular cuture negotiates ‘spin’ in NBC's The West Wing. Journal of Sociolinguistics 10, 1: 52–69.
Rickford, John R. and Faye McNair-Knox (1994) Addressee- and topic-influenced style-shift: A quantitative sociolinguistic study. In Biber, Douglas and Finegan, Edward (eds.) Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 235–76.
Riggins, S. H. (1997) (ed.) The Language and Politics of Exclusion: Others in Discourse. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Romaine, Suzanne (1984a) The Language of Children and Adolescents: The Acquisition of Communicative Competence. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Romaine, Suzanne(1984b) The status of sociological models and categories in explaining linguistic variation. Linguistische Berichte 90: 25–38.
Ronkin, Maggie and Karn, Helen E. (1999) Mock Ebonics: Linguistic racism in parodies of Ebonics on the Internet. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3, 3: 360–80.
Said, Edward (1978) Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Sankoff, Gillian (2004) Adolescents, young adults, and the critical period: Two case studies from ‘seven up’. In Fought, Carmen (ed.) Sociolinguistic Variation: Critical Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 121–39.
Scannell, Paddy (1996) Radio, Television and Modern Life: A Phenomenological Approach. Oxford: Blackwell.
Schilling-Estes, Natalie (1998) Investigating ‘self-conscious’ speech: The performance register in Ocracoke English. Language in Society 27: 53–83.
Schilling-Estes, Natalie(2004a) Investigating stylistic variation. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter and Schilling-Estes, Natalie (eds.) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden, Mass. and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 375–401.
Schilling-Estes, Natalie (2004b) Constructing ethnicity in interaction. Journal of Sociolinguistics 8, 2: 163–95.
Scollon, Ron (1998) Mediated Discourse as Social Interaction. London and New York: Longman.
Sebba, Mark (1993) London Jamaican: Language Systems in Interaction. London: Longman.
Sebeok, Thomas (1960) Style in Language. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Shepard, Carolyn A., Howard Giles and Beth A. Le Poire (2001) Communication accommodation theory. In Robinson, W. Peter and Giles, Howard (eds.) The New Handbook of Language and Social Psychology. Chichester: John Wiley, pp. 33–56.
Silverstein, Michael (1976) Shifters, linguistic categories and cultural description. In Basso, K. H. and Selby, H. A. (eds.) Meaning in Anthropology. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, pp. 11–55.
Silverstein, Michael(1979) Language structure and linguistic ideology. In Clyne, Paul R., Hanks, William F. and Hofbauer, Carol L. (eds.) The Elements: A Para Session on Linguistic Units and Levels. Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society, pp. 193–247.
Silverstein, Michael(1993) Metapragmatic discourse and metapragmatic function. In Lucy, John A. (ed.) Reflexive Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 33–58.
Smith, David (1999) Wales: A Question for History. Bridgend: Seren.
Snow, Catherine E. and Ferguson, Charles A. (1977) Talking to Children: Language Input and Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sutcliffe, David (1982) British Black English. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Swales, John (1990) Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tagliamonte, Sali and D'Arcy, Alex (2004) He's like, she's like: The quotative system in Canadian youth. Journal of Sociolinguistics 8, 4: 493–514.
Tagliamonte, Sali and Hudson, Rachel (1999) Be like et al. beyond America: the quotative system in British and Canadian youth. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3: 147–72.
Thakerar, Jitendra, Howard Giles and Jenny Cheshire (1982) Psychological and linguistic parameters of speech accommodation theory. In Howard, Giles and St. Clair, Robert N. (eds.) Advances in the Social Psychology of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 205–255.
Thornborrow, Joanna and Theo van Leeuwen (eds.) (2001) Authenticity in Media Discourse. Thematic Issue of Discourse Studies, 3, 4.
Trilling, Lionel (1972) Sincerity and Authenticity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Trudgill, Peter (1974) The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Trudgill, Peter(1981) Linguistic accommodation: Sociolinguistic observations on a socio-psychological theory. In Masek, C., Hendrick, R. and Miller, M. (eds.) Papers from the Parasession on Language and Behavior, Chicago Linguistics Society. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, pp. 218–37.
Trudgill, Peter(1986) Dialects in Contact. Oxford: Blackwell.
Trudgill, Peter(1999) Norwich: Endogenous and exogenous linguistic change. In Foulkes, Paul and Docherty, Gerard (eds.) Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold, pp. 124–40.
Trudgill, Peter(2001) The sociolinguistics of modern RP. In Trudgill, PeterSociolinguistic Variation and Change. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 171–80.
Trudgill, Peter(2004) Social differentiation. In Chambers, J. K., Peter, Trudgill and Natalie, Schilling-Estes (eds.) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 373–4.
Ullman, Stephen (1966) Language and Style. Oxford: Blackwell.
Urban, Greg (1993) The represented functions of speech in Shokleng myths. In Lucy, John A. (ed.) Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 241–59.
Urban, Greg(1996) Entextualization, replication and power. In Silverstein, Michael and Urban, Greg (eds.) Natural Histories of Discourse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 21–44.
Leeuwen, Theo (2001) What is authenticity? Discourse Studies 3, 4: 392–6.
Verschueren, Jef (2004) Notes on the role of metapragmatic awareness in language use. In Jaworski, Adam, Coupland, Nikolas and Galasinski, Dariusz (eds.) Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. Berline and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 53–73.
Volosinov, N. V. (1983) Marxism and the Philosophy of Language (Translated by L. Matejka and I. R. Titunik). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Wales, Katie (1989) A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman.
Wardhaugh, Ronald (2002) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Watts, Richard J. (2003) Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Weber, Jean Jacques (1996a) The Stylistics Reader: From Roman Jakobson to the Present. London: Arnold.
Weber, Jean Jacques(1996b) (ed.) Towards contextualized stylistics: An overview. In Weber, Jean Jacques (ed.) The Stylistics Reader: From Roman Jakobson to the Present. London: Arnold, pp. 1–8.
Weinreich, Uriel, William Labov and Marvin Herzog (1968) Emprical foundations for a theory of language change. In Lehmann, Winfred P. and Malkiel, Yakov (eds.) Directions for Historical Linguistics: A Symposium. Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, pp. 95–188.
Wenger, Etienne (1998) Communities of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wilde, Oscar. 1894/1970. Phrases and philosophies for the use of the young. Chameleon 1: 1–3 (December). Reprinted in Oscar Wilde (1970) The Artist as Critic: Critical Writings of Oscar Wilde (edited by Ellman, Richard). London: W. H. Allen, pp. 433–38.
Williams, Ann and Paul Kerswill (1999) Dialect levelling: Change and continuity in Milton Keynes, Reading and Hull. In Foulkes, Paul and Docherty, Gerard (eds.) Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold, pp. 141–62.
Williams, Gwyn A. (1985) When was Wales?London: Black Raven Books.
Williams, Raymond (1977) Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wolfram, Walt (1969) A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro Speech. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Wolfram, Walt(1993) Ethical considerations in language awareness programs. Issues in Applied Linguistics 4: 225–55.
Wolfram, Walt(1998) Scrutinizing linguistic gratuity: A view from the field. Journal of Sociolinguistics 2: 271–9.
Wolfram, Walt, and Fasold, R. W. (1974). The Study of Social Dialects in American English. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Woolard, Kathryn A. (1995) Changing forms of code switching in Catalan comedy. Catalan Review IX (2): 223–52.
Woolard, Kathryn A.(1999) Simultaneity and bivalency as strategies in bilingualism. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 8 (1): 3–29.
Zahn, C. and Hopper, R. (1985) Measuring language attitudes: the speech evaluation instrument. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 4: 113–23.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.