Abbate, Carolyn, In Search of Opera, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001
Abbate, Carolyn “The Parisian ‘Venus’ and the ‘Paris’ Tannhäuser,” Journal of the American Musicological Society 36 (1983), 73–123
Abbate, Carolyn Unsung Voices: Opera and Musical Narrative in the Nineteenth Century, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991
Adorno, Theodor, In Search of Wagner, tr. Rodney Livingstone, Trowbridge: NLB, 1981
Appia, Adolphe, Music and the Art of the Theatre, tr. Robert W. Corrigan and Mary Douglas Dirks, Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 1962
Arblaster, Anthony, Viva la Liberta! Politics in Opera, London: Verso, 1992
Barth, Herbert (ed.), Bayreuther Dramaturgie: Der Ring des Nibelungen, Stuttgart and Zurich: Belser, 1980
Barth, Herbert Richard Wagner: Life, Work, Festspielhaus, Bayreuth: Festspielleitung, 1952
Baudelaire, Charles, “Richard Wagner and Tannhäuser in Paris,” in The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, tr. and ed. Jonathan Mayne, London: Phaidon, 1964, pp. 111–46
Bauer, Hans-Joachim, Richard Wagner Lexikon, Bergisch Gladbach: Lübbe, 1988
Bauer, Oswald George, Richard Wagner: The Stage Designs and Productions from the Premieres to the Present, New York: Rizzoli, 1983
Bauer, Oswald George Richard Wagner Goes to the Theatre: Impressions, Experience and Reflections on the Road to Bayreuth, tr. Stewart Spencer, Bayreuth Festival, n.d
Beckett, Lucy, Richard Wagner: Parsifal, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981
Bekker, Paul, Richard Wagner: His Life in His Work, tr. M. M. Bozman, Freeport: Books for Libraries, 1931
Bentley, Eric, The Cult of the Superman: A Study of the Idea of Heroism in Carlyle and Nietzsche, London: Hale, 1947
Bless, Marion, Richard Wagners Oper Tannhäuser im Speigel seiner gesitigen Entwicklung, Eisenach: Dieter, 1997
Borchmeyer, Dieter, Richard Wagner: Theory and Theatre, tr. Stewart Spencer, Oxford: Clarendon, 1991
Borchmeyer, Dieter Das Theater Richard Wagners: Idee – Dichtung – Wirkung, Stuttgart: Reclam, 1982
Bowra, Maurice, Heroic Poetry, London: Macmillan, 1952
Bredvold, Louis, The Natural History of Sensibility, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1962
Buller, Jeffrey L., Classically Romantic: Classical Form and Meaning in Wagner's Ring, Xlibris, 2001
Campbell, Joseph, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Cleveland: World Publishing Co., 1956
Carlyle, Thomas, On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History, rep. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966
Cicora, Mary A., Modern Myths and Wagnerian Deconstructions: Hermeneutic Approaches to Wagner's Music-Dramas, Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000
Cooke, Deryck, I Saw the World End, London: Oxford University Press, 1979
Cooke, Deryck—, Correspondence of Wagner and Liszt, tr. Francis Hueffer, 2nd rev. ed., 2 vols., New York: Vienna House, 1973
Corse, Sandra, Wagner and the New Consciousness: Language and Love in the Ring, Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1990
Csampai, Attila, and Holland, Dietmar (eds.), Der fliegende Holländer, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1982
Csampai, Attila, and Holland, Dietmar Lohengrin, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1989
Csampai, Attila, and Holland, Dietmar Tannhäuser, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1986
Dahlhaus, Carl, Nineteenth-Century Music, tr. J. Bradford Robinson, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989
Dahlhaus, Carl Richard Wagner's Music Dramas, tr. Mary Whittall, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979
Dahlhaus, Carl (ed.), Richard Wagner Werk und Wirkung, Regensburg: Bosse, 1971
Dahlhaus, Carl, and Voss, Egon (eds.), Wagnerliteratur – Wagnerforschung, Mainz: Schott, 1985
Deathridge, John, Wagner's Rienzi, Oxford: Clarendon, 1977
De Vries, Jan, Heroic Song and Heroic Legend, tr. B. J. Timmer, New York: Arno, 1963
Döhring, Sieghart, and Henze-Döhring, Sabine, Oper und Musikdrama im 19. Jahrhundert, Handbuch der musikalischen Gattungen 13, Laaber: Laaber-Verlag, 1997
Dreyfus, Laurence , “Hermann Levi's Shame and Parsifal's Guilt: A Critique of Essentialism in Biography and Criticism,” Cambridge Opera Journal 6/2 (July 1994), 125–45
Eagleton, Terry, Sweet Violence: The Idea of the Tragic, Oxford: Blackwell, 2003
Ewans, Michael, Wagner and Aeschylus, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983
Fergusson, Francis, The Idea of a Theater, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949
Fischer-Lichte, E. Kurze Geschichte des deutschen Theaters, Tübingen and Basle: Franke, 1993
Fricke, Richard, Wagner in Rehearsal, 1875–1876: The Diaries of Richard Fricke, Franz Liszt Studies 7, tr. George R. Fricke, Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon, 1998
Friedlander, Saul, and Rüsen, Jörn (eds.), Richard Wagner im Dritten Reich, Munich: Beck, 2000
Furst, Lilian R., Romanticism in Perspective: A Comparative Study of Aspects of the Romantic Movement in England, France and Germany, London: Macmillan, 1969
Furst, Lilian R. The Contours of Romanticism, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979
Garber, Frederick , “Self, Society, Value, and the Romantic Hero,” Comparative Literature 19/4 (Fall 1967), 321–33
Gerhard, Anselm, The Urbanization of Opera: Music Theater in Paris in the Nineteenth Century, tr. Mary Whittall, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998
Glass, Frank W., The Fertilizing Seed: Wagner's Concept of the Poetic Intent, Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1983
Granville-Barker, Frank, The Flying Dutchman: A Guide to the Opera, London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1979
Gregor-Dellin, Martin, Richard Wagner: His Life, His Work, His Century, tr. J. Maxwell Brownjohn, San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983
Grene, David, Reality and the Heroic Pattern: Last Plays of Ibsen, Shakespeare and Sophocles, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967
Grey, Thomas, Richard Wagner: Der fliegende Holländer, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000
Grimm, Reinhold, and Hermand, Jost (eds.), Re-Reading Wagner, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993
Groos, Arthur, “Appropriation in Wagner's Tristan Libretto,” in Reading Opera, ed. Arthur Groos and Roger Parker, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988
Groos, Arthur “Back to the Future: Hermeneutic Fantasies in Der fliegende Holländer,” 19th-Century Music 19/2 (1995), 191–211
Großmann-Vendrey, Susanna, Bayreuth in der deutschen Presse: Beiträge zur Rezeptionsgeschichte Richard Wagners und seiner Festspiele, 3 vols., Regensburg: Bosse, 1977
Gutman, Robert, Richard Wagner: The Man, His Mind, and His Music, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971
Hartford, Robert (ed.), Bayreuth: The Early Years, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980
Hatfield, Henry, Clashing Myths in German Literature, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974
Heldt, Brigitte, Richard Wagner, Tristan und Isolde: Das Werk und seine Inszenierung, Laaber: Laaber-Verlag, 1994
Holman, J. K., Wagner's Ring: A Listener's Companion and Concordance, Portland, OR: Amadeus, 1996
Hutcheon, Linda and Michael, , “Death Drive: Eros and Thanatos in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde,” Cambridge Opera Journal, 11/3 (November 1999), 267–93
Hutcheon, Linda Opera: Desire, Disease, Death, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996
Kämpfer, Frank (ed.), Musiktheater heute: Peter Konwitschny, Regisseur, Hamburg: Europäische Verlagsanstalt, 2001
Kerman, Joseph, Opera and Drama, new and rev. edn., Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988
Kirchmeyer, Helmut (ed.), Situationsgeschichte der Musikkritik und des musikalischen Pressewesens in Deutschland, ⅳ Das zeitgenössische Wagner-Bild, 2, Regensburg: Bosse, 1967
Knudsen, Hans, Deutsche Theatergeschichte, Stuttgart: Kröner, 1959
Kohn, Hans, The Mind of Germany: The Education of a Nation, London: Macmillan, 1962
Kunze, Stefan (ed.), Richard Wagner: Von der Oper zum Musikdrama, Bern and Munich: Franke, 1978
Large, David C., and Weber, William (eds.), Wagnerism in European Culture and Politics, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984
Lash, John, The Hero: Manhood and Power, London: Thames & Hudson, 1995
Lindenberger, Herbert, Opera: The Extravagant Art, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984
Liszt, Franz, Lohengrin und Tannhäuser von Richard Wagner. Sämtliche Schriften ⅳ, ed. Detlev Altenberg, Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1989
Lloyd-Jones, Hugh, Blood for the Ghosts: Classical Influences in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, London: Duckworth, 1982
Mack, Dietrich, Der Bayreuther Inszenierungsstil, Munich: Prestel, 1976
Mann, Thomas, Pro and Contra Wagner, tr. Allan Blunden, London: Faber & Faber, 1985
Mayer, Hans, Richard Wagner: Mitwelt und Nachwelt, Stuttgart and Zurich: Belser, 1978
Magee, Bryan, Aspects of Wagner, rev. and enl. edn., London: Oxford University Press, 1988
Magee, Bryan Wagner and Philosophy, London: Allen Lane, 2000
Magee, Elizabeth, Richard Wagner and the Nibelungs, Oxford: Clarendon, 1990
McCreless, Patrick, Wagner's Siegfried: Its Drama, History, and Music, Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1982
Millington, Barry , “Nuremberg Trial: Is There Anti-Semitism in Die Meistersinger?” Cambridge Opera Journal 3/3 (November 1991), 247–60
Millington, Barry Wagner, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992
Millington, Barry (ed.), The Wagner Compendium: A Guide to Wagner's Life and Music, New York: Schirmer, 1992
Millington, Barry, and Spencer, Stewart (eds.), Selected Letters of Richard Wagner, London: Dent, 1987
Millington, Barry, and Spencer, Stewart Wagner in Performance, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992
Müller, Ulrich and Peter Wapnewski (eds.), Wagner Handbook, ed. Eng. trans. John Deathridge, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992
Nattiez, Jean-Jacques, Wagner Androgyne, tr. Stewart Spencer, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993
Nemoianu, Virgil, The Taming of Romanticism, Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1984
Newman, Ernest, The Wagner Operas, New York: Knopf, 1949
Nietzsche, Friedrich, Nietzsche contra Wagner, vol. ⅷ, The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche, tr. J. M. Kennedy, New York: Russell & Russell, 1964
Nietzsche, Friedrich On the Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo, ed. and tr. Walter Kaufmann, New York: Vintage, 1989
Nietzsche, Friedrich Untimely Meditations, tr. R. J. Hollingdale, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983
Nipperdey, Thomas, Germany from Napoleon to Bismarck, 1800–1866, tr. Daniel Nolan, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996
Nordau, Max, Degeneration, New York: Appleton, 1897
Peckham, Morse, Beyond the Tragic Vision: The Quest for Identity in the Nineteenth Century, New York: Brazillier, 1962
Petzet, Detta and Michael, Die Richard Wagner-Bühne König Ludwigs II, München, Bayreuth, Munich: Prestel, 1970
Pfitzner, Heinrich (ed.), “Vorwort” to Der Vampyr, Berlin: Fürstner, 1925
Porges, Heinrich, Wagner Rehearsing the Ring, tr. Robert L. Jacobs, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983
Praz, Mario, The Romantic Agony, 2nd edn., tr. Angus Davidson, London: Oxford University Press, 1970
Raglan, Lord, The Hero, New York: Oxford University Press, 1937
Raphael, Robert, Richard Wagner, New York: Twayne, 1969
Rather, L. J., The Dream of Self-Destruction: Wagner's Ring and the Modern World, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979
Reed, Walter L., Meditations on the Hero: A Study of the Romantic Hero in Nineteenth Century Fiction, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974
Robinson, Paul, Opera and Ideas: From Mozart to Strauss, New York: Harper & Row, 1985
Rose, Paul Lawrence, Wagner, Race and Revolution, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992
Salmu, Hannu, Imagined Germany: Richard Wagner's National Utopia, New York: Peter Lang, 1999
Schaefer, A. T., Der Stuttgarter Ring: Staatsoper Stuttgart 1999/2000, Mönchengladbach: Kühlen, n.d
Shaw, George Bernard, The Perfect Wagnerite: A Commentary on the Nibelung's Ring, 4th edn., London: Constable, 1923
Sheehan, James J., German History: 1770–1866, Oxford: Clarendon, 1989
Skelton, Geoffrey, Wieland Wagner: The Positive Sceptic, London: Gollancz, 1971
Spencer, Stewart, and Millington, Barry, Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung: A Companion, London: Thames & Hudson, 1993
Spotts, Frederic, Bayreuth: A History of the Wagner Festival, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994
Steiner, George, The Death of Tragedy, New York: Knopf, 1968
Strohm, Reinhart , “Dramatic Time and Operatic Form in Tannhäuser,” Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association 104 (1977–78), 1–10
Tanner, Michael, “The Total Work of Art,” in The Wagner Companion, ed. Peter Burbridge and Richard Sutton, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979
Tanner, Michael Wagner, London: HarperCollins, 1996
Thorslev, Peter L., Jr., The Byronic Hero: Types and Prototypes, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962
Viereck, Peter, Metapolitics: The Roots of the Nazi Mind, New York: Capricorn, 1961
Wagner, Cosima, Cosima Wagner's Diaries, 2 vols., tr. Geoffrey Skelton, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977 and 1980
Wagner, Nike, The Wagners: The Dramas of a Musical Dynasty, tr. Ewald Osers and Michael Downes, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998
Wagner, Richard, Correspondence of Wagner and Liszt, tr. Francis Hueffer, new rev. edn. by W. Ashton Ellis, New York: Haskell House, 1969
Wagner, Richard Gesammelte Schriften, ed. Julius Kapp, 14 vols., Leipzig: Hesse, 1914
Wagner, Richard Letters to August Roeckel, tr. Eleanor C. Sellar, Bristol: Arrowsmith, 1897
Wagner, Richard The Mastersingers of Nuremberg, tr. Peter Branscombe, Decca Records, 1997
Wagner, Richard My Life, tr. Andrew Gray, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983
Wagner, Richard Parsifal, Philips Classics, 1962
Wagner, Richard Prose Works, 8 vols., tr. William Ashton Ellis, London: Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1893
Wagner, Richard Richard Wagner to Mathilde Wesendonck, ed. and tr. William Ashton Ellis, New York: Vienna House, 1905
Wagner, Richard Tannhäuser, ed. Nicholas Jahn, tr. Rodney Blumer, London: Calder, 1988
Wagner, Richard Tristan and Isolde, tr. William Mann, London: Friends of Covent Garden: Dutton, 1968
Wapnewski, Peter, Der traurige Gott: Richard Wagner in seinen Helden, Munich: Beck, 1978
Wapnewski, Peter Tristan der Held Richard Wagners, Berlin: Severin and Siedler, 1981
Warrack, John, German Opera: From the Beginnings to Wagner, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001
Warrack, John Richard Wagner: Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994
Weiner, Marc A., Richard Wagner and the Anti-Semitic Imagination, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997
Wessling, Berndt W., Wieland Wagner: Der Enkel, Köln-Rodenkirchen: Tonger, 1997
Williams, Simon, “The Well-Made Play,” in European Writers: The Romantic Century, vol. ⅶ, ed. Jacques Barzun and George Stade, New York: Scribners, 1985
Williams, Simon Richard Wagner and Festival Theatre, Westport: Praeger, 1994
Wilson, James D., The Romantic Heroic Ideal, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982
Winterbourne, Anthony, Speaking to Our Condition: Moral Frameworks in Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung, Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 2000
Žižek, Slavoj, and Dolar, Mladen, Opera's Second Death, New York: Routledge, 2002
Zuckerman, Elliott, The First Hundred Years of Wagner's Tristan, Columbia: Columbia University Press, 1964
