Abi-Saab, G., ‘Non international armed conflicts’, in UNESCO, International dimensions of humanitarian law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, UNESCO, Henri Dunant Institute, 1988) pp. 217–39.
Abi-Saab G.‘The 1977 Protocols and general international law: some preliminary reflexions’ in Delissen, A. and Tanja, G. (eds.), Humanitarian law of armed conflicts, challenges ahead: essays in honour of Fritz Karlshoven (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991) pp. 115–26.
Abi-Saab G.‘The concept of war crimes’ in Yee, S. and Tieya, W. (eds.), International law in the post-cold war world: essays in memory of Li Haopei (London: Routledge, 2001) pp. 99–118.
Abi-Saab, G.‘The proper role of universal jurisdiction’ (2003) 1 Journal of International Criminal Justice596–602.
Abi-Saab, G.‘Wars of national liberation and the laws of war’ (1972) 3 Annales d'études internationales96.
Abi-Saab R., ‘Les conflits internes aujourd'hui’ in Ghebali, V. Y and Kappeler, D. (eds.), Les multiples aspects de relations internationales: études à la mémoire du professeur Jean Siotis (Brussels: Bruylant, 1995) pp. 313–25.
Abi-Saab, R.L'article 3 commun aux Conventions de Genève (Geneva: Institute Henri Dunant, Pedone, 1986).
Abresch, W., ‘A human rights law of internal armed conflict: the European Court of Human Rights in Chechnya’ (2005) 16 European Journal of International Law741–67.
Acts of the Berlin Conference on the Rome Statute, what's next: domestic and foreign approaches to the implementation of international criminal law in national law (Berlin: Reader & International Criminal Law Society, 2000).
Samio, Adachi, ‘The Asian concept’ in UNESCO, International dimensions of humanitarian law (Dordrecht: Henry Dunant Institute, UNESCO, Martinus Nijhoff, 1988) p. 13.
Akande, D., ‘International law immunities and the International Criminal Court’ (2004) 98 American Journal of International Law407–33.
Akehurst, M., ‘Jurisdiction in international law’ (1972–73) 46 British Yearbook of International Law216.
Akhavan, P., ‘Justice in the Hague, peace in the former Yugoslavia? A commentary on the UN War Crimes Tribunal’ (1998) 20 Human rights quarterly737.
Akhavan, P.‘The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: the politics and pragmatics of punishment’ (1996) 90 American Journal of International Law501.
Akhavan, P.‘The LRA case: Uganda's submission of the first state referral to the International Criminal Court’ (2005) 99 American Journal of International Law403–20.
Aldrich, G., ‘Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia’ (1996) 90 American Journal of International Law64.
Aldrich, G.‘The laws of war on land’ (2000) 94 American Journal of International Law61.
Alter, R., ‘International criminal law: a bittersweet year for supporters and critics of the International Criminal Court’ (2003) 37 The international lawyer541–50.
Alvarez, E., ‘Trying Hussein: between hubris and hegemony’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice313–29.
Amann, D. M., ‘Prosecutor v. Akayesu, Case International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda-96–4-T, 2 September 1998’ (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law195–99.
Ambos, K., ‘Impunity and international criminal law, a case study on Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina’ (1997) 18 Human rights law journal1.
Ambos, K. and Othman, M. (eds), New approaches in international criminal justice: Kosovo, East Timor, Sierra Leone and Cambodia (Freiburg: Edition iuscrim, 2003).
Andries, A., Wijngaert, C. and David, E., ‘Commentaire de la loi du 6 juin 1993 relative à la répression des infractions graves au droit international humanitaire’ (1994) Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie 1114.
Apuuli, K., ‘The International Criminal Court arrest warrants for the LRA leaders and peace prospects for Northern Uganda’ (2006) 4 Journal of International Criminal Justice179–87.
Arbour, L., ‘The crucial years’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice396–402.
Arbour, L.‘Will the International Criminal Court have an impact on universal jurisdiction?’ (2003) 1 Journal of International Criminal Justice585–88.
Arnold, R., ‘The liability of civilians under international humanitarian law's war crimes provisions’ (2002) 5 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law344–59.
Arsanjani, M., ‘The Rome statute of the International Criminal Court’ (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law40.
Arsanjani, M. and Reisman, M., ‘The law-in-action of the International Criminal Court’ (2005) 99 American Journal of International Law386–402.
Ascencio, H., ‘The Spanish constitutional tribunal's decision in Guatemalan generals: unconditional universality is back’ (2006) 4 Journal of International Criminal Justice586–94.
Bantekas, I., ‘The Iraqi special tribunal for crimes against humanity’ (2004) 54 International Comparative Law Quarterly237–53.
Bassiouni, C., Crimes against humanity in international law (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1992).
Bassiouni, C.‘The normative framework of international humanitarian law: overlaps, gaps and ambiguities’ (1998) 8 Transnational law and contemporary problems199.
Bassiouni, C.‘Universal jurisdiction unrevisited: the International Court of Justice decision in case concerning the arrest warrant of 11 April 2000’ (2002/2003) XII The Palestine yearbook of international law27–48.
Bassiouni, C. and Wise, E., Aut dedere, aut judicare – the duty to extradite or prosecute in international law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995).
Baxter, R., ‘Multilateral treaties as evidence of customary international law’ (1965–66) 41 British Yearbook of International Law300.
Baxter, R.‘The municipal and international law basis of jurisdiction over war crimes’ (1951) 28 British Yearbook of International Law392.
Becker, S., ‘Universal jurisdiction: how universal it it? A study of competing theories’ (2002/2003) XII The Palestine yearbook of international law49–76.
Benvenuti P., ‘Italy, Implementation of the International Criminal Court statute in national legislation, constitutional aspects’ in Kress, C. and Lattanzi, F. (eds.), The Rome statute and domestic legal orders (Baden-Baden, Ripa di Fagnano Alto: Nomos Verlagsgessellschaft, Il Sirente, 2000) vol. I.
Benzing, M., ‘The complementarity regime of the International Criminal Court: international criminal justice between state sovereignty and the fight against impunity’ (2003) 7 Max Planck yearbook of United Nations law591–632.
Bergsmo, M., ‘Occasional remarks on certain state concerns about the jurisdictional reach of the International Criminal Court, and their possible implications for the relationship between the court and the Security Council’ (2000) 69 Nordic journal of international law87–113.
Besson, M. and Vezac, P, ‘Les sanctions des violations des conventions de Genève du 12 Août 1949’ (1997) 3 Droit et défense, revue générale du droit de la sécurité et de la défense4.
Bierzanek R., ‘Quelques remarques sur l'applicabilité du droit international humanitaire des conflits armés aux conflits internes internationalisés’ in Swinarski, C. (ed.), Studies and essays on international humanitarian law and Red Cross principles in honour of J. Pictet (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, Martinus Njihoff Publishers, 1984) pp. 281–90.
Blakesley C., ‘Extraterritorial jurisdiction’, in Bassiouni, C. (ed.), International criminal law (Ardsley, New York: Transnational Publishers, 1999) vol. II, 2nd edn, pp. 33–105.
Blewitt, G., ‘The necessity for enforcement of international humanitarian law’ (1995) American Society of International Law Proceedings298–300.
Boelaert-Suominen, S., ‘Grave breaches, universal jurisdiction and internal armed conflicts: is customary law moving towards a uniform enforcement mechanism for all armed conflicts?’ (2000) Journal of conflict, peace and security 95.
Boisson de Chazournes L. and Condorelli L., ‘Quelques remarques à propos de l'obligation des états de “respecter et faire respecter” le droit international humanitaire “en toutes circonstances” ’ in Zwinarski, C. (ed.), Etudes et essais sur le droit international humanitaire et sur les principes de la Croix-Rouge en l'honneur de Jean Pictet (Geneva, Dordrecht: International Committee of the Red Cross, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1984).
Bond, J. E., The rules of riot: internal conflicts and the laws of war (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974).
Boot-Matthijssen, M. and Elst, R., ‘Key provisions of the International Crimes Act 2003’ (2004) 35 Netherlands yearbook of international law251–96.
Borrowdale, A., ‘The future of the law of war: the place of the Additional Protocols of 1977 in customary international law’ (1981) 14 Comparative and international law journal of Southern Africa79–91.
Bosch, W., Judgment on Nuremberg, American attitudes toward the major German war-crime trials (Chapel Hill: The University of California Press, 1970).
Bosnjak M. and Zagorac D., ‘Slovenia’ in Kress, C., Lattanzi, F., Bromhall, B. and Santori, (eds.), The Rome statute and domestic legal orders, vol. II, constitutional issues, co-operation and enforcement (Baden-Baden, Ripa di Fagnano Alto: Nomos Verlagsgessellschaft, Il Sirente, 2005) pp. 309–30.
Bothe, M., ‘Article 2 and Protocol II: case studies of Nigeria and El Salvador (1982) 31 American University law review902.
Bothe, M.'Conflits armés internes et droit international humanitaire’ (1978) 82 Revue générale de droit international public82–102.
Bothe M.‘War crimes’ in Cassese, A., Gaeta, P. and Jones, (eds.), The Rome statute of the International Criminal Court: a commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002) vol. I.
Bourgon, S., ‘Procedural problems hindering expeditious and fair justice’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice526–32.
Boyle, D., ‘Establishing the responsibility of the Khmer Rouge leadership for international crimes’ (2002) 5 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law167–218.
Bravo, F., ‘Méthodes de recherche de la coutume internationale dans la pratique des états’ (1985) 192 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye237–316.
Brierly J., The law of nations, 6th edn, edited by Waldock, H. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963).
Broomhall, B., International justice and the International Criminal Court (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
Brownlie, I., Principles of public international law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
Burgos H. ‘The application of international humanitarian law as compared to human rights law in situations qualified as internal armed conflict’ in Karlshoven, F. and Sandoz, Y. (eds.), Implementation of international humanitarian law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989).
Burke-White, W., ‘Complementarity in practice: the International Criminal Court as part of a system of multi-level global governance in the Democratic Republic of Congo’ (2005) 18 Leiden journal of international law556–90.
Carey, J., Dunlap, W. and Pritchard, J. (eds.), International humanitarian law: prospects (Ardsley: Transnational Publishers, 2006).
Carnahan, B., ‘Lincoln, Lieber and the laws of war: the origins and limits of the principle of military necessity’ (1998) 92 American Journal of International Law213–31.
Carnegie, A. R., ‘Jurisdiction over violations of the laws and customs of war’ (1963) British Yearbook of International Law421.
Casey, L. A. and Rivkin, D. B., ‘The Rome statute's unlawful application to non-state parties’ (2003) 44 Virginia journal of international law63–89.
Cassese, A., ‘The status of rebels under the 1977 Geneva Protocol on non-international armed conflicts’ (1981) 30 International Comparative Law Quarterly423.
Cassese, A.‘Is the bell tolling for universality? A plea for a sensible notion of universal jurisdiction’ (2003) 1 Journal of International Criminal Justice589–95.
Cassese, A.‘La guerre civile et le droit international’ (1986) 90 Revue générale de droit international public571–73.
Cassese, A.‘Reflections on international criminal justice’ (1998) 61 Modern law review1–10.
Cassese, A.‘The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia: a living and vital reality’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice585–97.
Cassese, A.‘The Special Court and international law, the decision concerning the Lomé agreement amnesty’ (2004) Journal of International Criminal Justice1130–40.
Cassese, A.‘The statute of the International Criminal Court: some preliminary reflections’ (1999) 10 European Journal of International Law161.
Cassese, A.‘When may senior state officials be tried for international crimes? Some comments on the Congo. v. Belgium case’ (2002) 13 European Journal of International Law853–75.
Cassese, A.International criminal law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
Cassese A.‘The Spanish Civil War and the development of customary law concerning internal armed conflict’ in Cassese, A. (ed.), Current problems of international law: essays on UN law and on the laws of armed conflict (Milan: A. Giuffre, 1975) pp. 287–318.
Cassese, A. (ed.), The new humanitarian law of armed conflict, proceedings of the 1976 and 1977 conferences (Naples: Ed. Scientifica, 1980).
Charney, J., ‘International criminal law and the role of domestic courts’ (2001) 95 American Journal of International Law120–24.
Chesterman, S., ‘Justice under international administration: Kosovo, East Timor and Afghanistan’ (2001) 12 Finnish yearbook of international law143–64.
Cho S., ‘Applicability of international humanitarian law to internal armed conflicts’, Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge (1996).
Ciobanu, D., ‘The concept and determination of the existence of armed conflicts not of an international character’ (1975) 58 Rivista di diritto internazionale48–79.
Commission on International Human Rights Law and Practice, International Law Association, Final Report on the exercise of universal jurisdiction in respect of gross human rights offences (2000) Report of the 69th conference of the International Association 403–31.
Condorelli, L., ‘La Cour pénale internationale: un pas de géant, pourvu qu'il soit accompli …’ (1999) 103 Revue générale de droit international public16.
Condorelli L.‘War crimes and internal conflicts in the statute of the International Criminal Court’, in Politi, M. and Nesi, G., The Rome statute of the International Criminal Court, a challenge to impunity (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001) pp. 107–17.
Condorelli, L. (ed.), The United Nations and international humanitarian law (Paris: Pedone, 1996).
Cot, J. P., ‘Eloge de l'indécision: la cour et la compétence universelle’ (2002) Revue belge de droit international546–53.
Cowles, W. B., ‘Universality of jurisdiction over war crimes’ (1945) 33 California law review177–218.
Cryer, R., ‘Sudan, resolution 1593 and international criminal justice’ (2006) 19 Leiden journal of international law195–222.
Cryer, R.Prosecuting international crimes, selectivity and the international criminal law regime (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
D'Argent, P., ‘L'expérience belge de la compétence universelle: beaucoup de bruit pour rien?’ (2004) Revue générale de droit international public597–631.
Dadrian, V., The history of the Armenian genocide (Providence, Oxford: Berghahn books, 1995).
Daillier P., ‘La répression pénale en France des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité en ex-Yugoslavie’, in Lattanzi, F. (ed.), Dai tribunali penali internationazionali ad hoc a una corte permanente (Naples: Ed. Scientifica, 1996).
Damrosh, L. F., ‘Criminal actions in national and international tribunals’ (1997) 269 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye236.
Danchin, P., ‘Transitional justice in Afghanistan: confronting violations of international humanitarian and human rights law’ (2001) 4 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law3–51.
Dascalopoulou-Livida P., ‘The implementation of the International Criminal Court statute in Greece: some thoughts’ in Kress, C. and Lattanzi, F. (eds.), The Rome statute and domestic legal orders (Baden-Baden, Ripa di Fagnano Alto: Nomos Verlagsgessellschaft, Il Sirente, 2000) vol. I, p. 113.
David, E., ‘La loi belge sur les crimes de guerre’ (1995) Revue belge de droit international668.
David, E.‘Le tribunal international pénal pour l'ex-Yougoslavie’ (1992) Revue belge de droit international565.
David, E.‘Universal jurisdiction in Belgian law’ (2002/2003) XII The Palestine yearbook of international law77–116.
David, E.Précis de droit des conflits armés (Brussels: Bruylant, 1994).
Davidson, E., The Trials of the Germans, an account of the twenty-two defendants before the IMT at Nuremberg (New York: the Macmillan Company, 1966).
Bertodano, S., ‘Current developments in internationalised courts’ (2003) 1 Journal of International Criminal Justice226–44.
Hemptinne, J., ‘La poursuite et le jugement des hauts responsables politiques et militaires par le Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie’ (1997) Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie988.
Vattel, E., The law of nations (London: Newbery, Richardson, Crowder, Caslon, Longman, Law, Fuller, Coote & Kearsly, 1760).
Deen-Racsmany, Z., ‘The nationality of the offender and the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court’ (2001) 95 American Journal of International Law606–23.
Delissen, A. and Tanja, G. (eds.), Humanitarian law of armed conflicts, challenges ahead: essays in honour of Fritz Karlshoven (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1991).
Deming, S. H., ‘War crimes and international criminal law’ (1995) 28 Akron law review421.
Dhokalia, R. P., ‘Civil wars and international law’ (1971) 11 Indian journal of international law225.
Dickinson L. A., ‘The dance of complementarity: relationships among domestic, international and transnational accountability mechanisms in East Timor and Indonesia’ in Stromseth, J. (ed.), Accountability for atrocities, national and international responses (Ardsley, New York: Transnational Publishers, 2003) pp. 319–74.
Dinstein Y., ‘The distinctions between war crimes and crimes against peace’ in Dinstein, Y. and Tabory, M. (eds.), War crimes in international law (The Hague, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1996).
Dinstein Y.‘The universality principle and war crimes’ in Schmitt, M. N. (ed.), International law studies: the law of military operations, lieber amicorum Professor J. Grunawalt (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 1998) pp. 17–37.
Dinstein, Y.War, aggression and self-defence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 4th edn, 2005).
Dinstein, Y. and Tabory, M. (eds.), War crimes in international law (The Hague, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1996).
Dörmann, K., Elements of war crimes under the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court, sources and commentary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
Doria, J., ‘Angola: a case study in the challenges of achieving peace and the question of amnesty or prosecutions of war crimes in a mixed armed conflict’ (2002) 5 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law3–60.
Doswald-Beck, L., ‘New protocol on blinding laser weapons (1996) International Review of the Red Cross272–98.
Draper, G., ‘The Geneva Conventions of 1949’ (1965–I) 114 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye100.
Draper, G.‘The modern pattern of war criminality’ (1976) 6 Israel yearbook of human rights22.
Draper, G.‘Humanitarian law and internal armed conflicts’ (1983) 13 Georgian journal of international and comparative law253–77.
Dubois, O., ‘Rwanda's national criminal courts and the International Tribunal’ (1997) 828 International Review of the Red Cross717.
Dupuy R. J. and A. Leonetti, ‘La notion de conflit armé à caractère non international’, in Cassese, A. (ed.), The new humanitarian law of armed conflict (Naples: Editoriale Scientifica, 1979) pp. 258–76.
Eide, Rosas and Meron, T., ‘Combating lawlessness in gray zone conflicts through minimum humanitarian standards’ (1995) 89 American Journal of International Law215.
Elagab, O. Y., ‘The Special Court for Sierra Leone: some constraints’ (2004) 8 International journal of human rights249–73.
Elder, D., ‘The historical background of common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention of 1949’ (1979) 11 Case Western Reserve journal of international law37–69.
Emmanuelli C., ‘Les forces des Nations Unies et le droit international humanitaire’ in Condorelli, L. (ed.), The United Nations and international humanitarian law (Paris: Pedone, 1996) pp. 345–70.
Engelschion, T. S., ‘Prosecution of war crimes and violations of human rights in Ethiopia’ (1994) 8 Yearbook of African law50.
Etcheson C., ‘Designing justice for Cambodia's Khmer rouge’ in Carey, J., Dunlap, W. and Pritchard, J. (eds.), International humanitarian law: prospects (Ardsley: Transnational Publishers, 2006) pp. 191–209.
Falk, R., The international law of civil war (Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1971).
Farer, T., ‘The humanitarian laws of war in civil strife: towards a definition of international armed conflict’ (1971) 7 Revue belge du droit international20–55.
Fawthrop T., ‘Who un-washes its hands of Khmer trial? The Straits Times (21 February 2002).
Fenrick W., ‘The development of the law of armed conflict through the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia’ in Schmitt, M. (ed.), The law of military operations, lieber americorum Professor J. Grunawalt, International Law Studies vol. 72 (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 1998) p. 77.
Fenrick, W.‘Some international law problems related to prosecutions before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia’ (1995) 6 Duke journal of comparative and international law103.
Ferdinandusse, W. N., Direct application of international criminal law in national courts (The Hague: Asser Institute, 2006).
Fife, R. E., ‘The International Criminal Court, whence it came, where it goes’ (2000) Nordic journal of international law63–85.
Fleck, D., ‘The protocols additional to the Geneva conventions and customary international law’ (1990) 29 Revue de droit pénal militaire497–505.
Fleck, D. (ed.), The handbook of humanitarian law in armed conflicts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).
Forsythe, D., ‘Legal management of internal war: the 1977 Protocol on non-international armed conflicts’ (1978) 72 American Journal of International Law275.
Forsythe, D.‘Human rights and internal conflicts: trends and recent developments’ (1982) 12 California western international law journal301.
Fox, G., ‘International law and civil wars’ (1994) 26 International law and politics633–54.
Freeland, S., ‘How open should the door be? – Declarations by non-states parties under Article 12(3) of the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court’ (2006) 75 Nordic journal of international law211–41.
Freeman M. Harris et al., ‘Bringing war criminals to justice: obligations, options, recommendations’ in Orentlicher, D.et al. (ed.), Making justice work: the report of the Century Foundation (New York: Century Foundation Press, 1998) pp. 27–32.
Gaeta, P., ‘National prosecution of international crimes: international rules on grounds of jurisdiction’ in Studi di diritto internazionale in onore di Gaetano Arango-Ruiz (Naples: Editoriale Scientifica, 2004) vol. 3, pp. 1923–43.
Gavron, J., ‘Amnesties in the light of developments in international law and the establishment of the International Criminal Court’ (2002) 51 International Comparative Law Quarterly91–117.
Ghebali, V. Y. and Kappeler, D. (eds.), Les multiples aspects de relations internationales: études à la mémoire du professeur Jean Siotis (Brussels: Bruylant, 1995).
Gilbert, J., ‘UK approach to implementation of International Criminal Court crimes’, Acts of the Berlin conference on ‘the Rome Statute, what's next: domestic and foreign approaches to the implementation of international criminal law in national law’ (Berlin: Reader and International Criminal Law Society, 2000) p. 6.
Ginsburgs, G. and Kudriavtsev, V. (eds.), The Nuremberg trial and international law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1990).
Goldstone, R., ‘Justice as a tool for peace-making: truth commissions and international criminal tribunals’ (1996) 28 International law and politics486–87.
Gonzalez M. P., ‘La répression des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l'humanité dans le système juridique espagnol’ in Lattanzi, F. (ed.), Crimini di guerra et giurisdizione nazionale (Baden-Baden, Fagnagno Alto: Nomas Verlagsgesellschaft, Il Sirente, 1998) p. 151.
Graditsky, T., ‘La responsabilité pénale individuelle pour violation du droit international humanitaire applicable en situation de conflit armé non international’ (1998) 829 International Review of the Red Cross40.
Graefarth, B., ‘Universal criminal jurisdiction and an International Criminal Court’ (1990) European Journal of International Law67.
Gray, C., ‘Bosnia and Herzegovina: civil war or inter-state conflict? Characterization and consequences’ (1996) 67 British Yearbook of International Law171.
Green, L. ‘The law of armed conflict and the enforcement of international criminal law’ (1984) Canadian yearbook of international law3–25.
Green, L.‘Criminal responsibility of individuals in non-international armed conflicts’ (2002) 45 German yearbook of international law82–114.
Green L.‘What is–why is there– the law of war?’ in Schmitt, M. and Green, L. (eds.), The law of armed conflicts into the next millennium (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 1998) vol. 71, pp. 141–83.
Green, L.‘Enforcement of the law in international and non-international conflicts, the way ahead’ (1996) 24 Denver journal of international law and policy285–320.
Green, L.The contemporary law of armed conflicts (Manchester, New York: Manchester University Press, 1993).
Greenwood, C., ‘Command responsibility and the Hadžihasanović decision’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice598–605.
Greenwood C.‘Historical development and legal basis’ in Fleck, D. (ed.), The handbook of humanitarian law in armed conflicts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).
Greenwood, C.‘International humanitarian law and the Tadić case’ (1996) 7 European Journal of International Law280.
Greenwood C.‘The law of weaponry at the start of the new millennium’ in Schmitt, M. and Green, L. (eds.), The law of armed conflicts into the next millennium (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 1998) vol. 71, pp. 185–231.
Greppi, E., ‘The evolution of individual criminal responsibility under international law’ (1999) 835 International Review of the Red Cross531.
Grotius, H., De jure belli ac pacis libri tres (1625) vol. II, chap. XX, section XL (Carnegie, Classics of international law, F. Kelsey trans., 1925).
Haile, D., ‘Accountability for crimes of the past and the challenges of criminal prosecutions. The case of Ethiopia’ (2000) 15 Leuven law series.
Hampson, F., ‘The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the reluctant witness’ (1998) 47 International Comparative Law Quarterly50.
Harhoff, F., ‘Consonance or rivalry? Calibrating the efforts to prosecute war crimes in national and international tribunals’ (1997) 7 Duke journal of comparative and international law571.
Harhoff, F.‘Legal and practical problems in the international prosecution of individuals’ (2000) 69 Nordic journal of international law53–61.
Harmon, M. B. and Gaynor, F., ‘Prosecuting massive crimes with primitive tools: three difficulties encountered by prosecutors in international criminal proceedings’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice403–26.
Harvard Research in International Law, ‘Draft convention on jurisdiction with respect to crime’ (1935) 29 American Journal of International Law435.
Henckaerts, J. M., ‘Study on customary international humanitarian law: a contribution to the understanding and respect for the rule of law in armed conflict’ (2005) 87 International Review of the Red Cross175–212.
Henckaerts, J. M. and Doswald-Beck, L., Customary international humanitarian law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Henzelin, M., ‘La compétence pénale universelle, une question non résolue par l'arrêt Yerodia’ (2002) Revue générale de droit international public819–53.
Henzelin, M.Le principe de l'universalité en droit pénal international. Droit et obligation pour les etats de poursuivre et juger selon le principe de l'universalité (Basle, Geneva, Brussels: Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Faculté de droit de Genève, Bruylant).
Herby, P., ‘First session of the review conference of states parties to the 1980 UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW)’ (1996) 312 International Review of the Red Cross361.
Hoffman, M. H., ‘The customary law of non-international armed conflict: evidence from the US civil war’ (1990) International Review of the Red Cross322–43.
Hosoya, C., Ando, N., Omuma, Y. and Minear, R. (eds.), The Tokyo war crimes trial, an international symposium (New York, Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd, 1986).
Institute of International Law, ‘Wiesbaden session 1975’ (1975) 56 Annuaire de l‘Institut de Droit International.
International Committee of the Red Cross, Annual report (1956) (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1957).
International Committee of the Red CrossAnnual report (1962) (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1963).
International Committee of the Red CrossAnnual report (1983) (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1984).
International Committee of the Red CrossAnnual report (1987) (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1988).
International Committee of the Red CrossAnnual report (1989) (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1990).
International Committee of the Red CrossAnnual report (1992) (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1993).
Jallow H. B., ‘The Legal Framework of the Special Court for Sierra Leone’ in Ambos, K. and Othman, M. (eds.), New approaches in international criminal justice: Kosovo, East Timor, Sierra Leone and Cambodia (Freiburg: Edition iuscrim, 2003) pp. 149–71.
Jennings, R. and Watts, A. (eds.), Oppenheim's international law (London, New York: Longman, 9th edn, 1992).
Johnson, L., ‘Ten years: reflections on the drafting’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice378.
Josipovic, I., ‘Responsibility for war crimes before national courts in Croatia’ (2006) 88 International Review of the Red Cross145–68.
Joyner, C., ‘Arresting impunity: the case for universal jurisdiction in bringing war criminals to accountability’ (1996) 59 Law and contemporary problems165.
Judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of German Major War Criminals, Nuremberg, 30 September–1 October 1946 (London: Stationery Office, 1946).
Kammerhofer, J., ‘Uncertainty in the formal sources of international law: customary international law and some of its problems’ (2004) 15 European Journal of International Law523–53.
Kamminga, M., ‘Lessons learned from the exercise of universal jurisdiction in respect of gross human rights offences’ (2001) 23 Human rights quarterly940–74.
Kamto, M., ‘Une troublante immunité totale du ministre des affaires étrangères’ (2002) Revue belge de droit international518–30.
Karlshoven F., ‘Applicability of customary international law in non-international armed conflicts’ in Cassese, A. (ed.), Current problems of international law: essays on UN law and on the laws of armed conflict (Milan: Giuffre, 1975) p. 276.
Karlshoven, F.Constraints on the waging of war (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1991).
Karlshoven, F.The law of warfare, a summary of its recent history and trends in development (Leiden, Geneva: Sijthoff, Henry Dunant Institute, 1973).
Karlshoven, F. and Sandoz, Y. (eds.), Implementation of international humanitarian law (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989).
Kaul, H. and Kress, C., ‘Jurisdiction and co-operation in the statute of the International Criminal Court: principles and compromises’ (1998) 1 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law143.
Keen, M. H., The laws of war in the late middle Ages (London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1965).
Keller, L., ‘UNTAC in Cambodia – from occupation, civil war and genocide to peace’ (2005) 9 Max Planck yearbook of United Nations law127–78.
Kelly, M., ‘Transitional justice in peace operations: shaping the twilight zone in Somalia and East Timor’ (2001) 4 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law213–51.
Donovan, Kemper D., ‘Joint UN–Cambodia efforts to establish a Khmer Rouge tribunal’ (2003) 44 Harvard international law journal551–76.
Kerr, R., The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, an exercise in law, politics and diplomacy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
Kessler, B., ‘The duty to ensure respect under common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions: its implications on international and non-international armed conflicts’ (2001) 44 German yearbook of international law498–516.
Klingberg, V., ‘(Former) heads of state before international(ised) criminal courts: the case of Charles Taylor before the Special Court for Sierra Leone’ (2003) 46 German yearbook of international law537–64.
Kolb, R., Ius in bello, Le droit international des conflit armés, Précis (Basle: Helbing & Lichtenham, 2003).
Kolb, R.‘Selected problems in the theory of customary international law’ (2003) Netherlands International Law Review119–50.
Kolb, R.‘The jurisprudence of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Criminal Tribunals on their jurisdiction and on international crimes’ (2000) British Yearbook of International Law257.
Kolb, R.‘The jurisprudence of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Criminal Tribunals on their jurisdiction and on international crimes 2000–2004’ (2004) British Yearbook of International Law269–97.
Kolb, R.‘The relationship between international law and human rights: a brief history of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1949 Geneva Conventions’ (1998) International Review of the Red Cross409.
Kolb, R., Porretto, G. and Vité, S., L'application du droit international humanitaire et des droits de l'homme aux organisations internationale, Forces de paix et administrations civiles transitoires (Brussels: Bruylant, 2005) pp. 175–93.
Kontorovich, E., ‘The piracy analogy: modern universal jurisdiction's hollow foundation’ (2004) 45 Harvard international law journal183–237.
Kress, C., ‘Universal jurisdiction over international crimes and the Institut de droit international’ (2006) 4 Journal of International Criminal Justice561–85.
Kress, C.‘War crimes committed in non-international armed conflict and the emerging system of international criminal justice’ (2000) 30 Israel yearbook on human rights103–78.
Kress, C., Lattanzi, F., Bromhall, B. and Santori, (eds.), The Rome statute and domestic legal orders, vol. II, constitutional issues, co-operation and enforcement (Baden-Baden, Ripa di Fagnano Alto: Nomos Verlagsgessellschaft, Il Sirente, 2005).
Kwakwa, E., ‘The Cairo–Arusha principles on universal jurisdiction in respect of gross human rights offences: developing the frontiers of the principle of universal jurisdiction’ (2002) 10 African yearbook of international law407–23.
Kwakwa, E.The international law of armed conflict: personal and material fields of application (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1992).
La Haye E., ‘The elaboration of elements for war crimes’ in Lattanzi, F. and Schabas, W. (eds.), Essays on the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court (Ripa di Fagnano Alto: Il Sirente, 2004) vol. II, pp. 305–31.
Haye, E.‘The jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court: controversies over the pre-conditions for the exercise of its jurisdiction’ (1999) 46 Netherlands international law review1–25.
La Haye E. et al., ‘War crimes’ in Lee, R. (ed.), The International Criminal Court: elements of crimes and rules of procedure and evidence (Ardsley, New York: Transnational Publishers, 2001).
Lachs, M., War crimes, an attempt to define the issues (London: Stevens, 1945).
Lattanzi, F., ‘La répression pénale des crimes du droit international: des juridictions internes aux juridictions internationales’ in Law in humanitarian crises: how can international humanitarian law be made effective in armed conflicts? (Luxembourg: Office for the official publications of the European Communities, vol. 1, 1995).
Lattanzi, F. (ed.), Dai tribunali penali internationazionali ad hoc a una corte permanente (Naples: Ed. Scientifica, 1996).
Lattanzi, F. and Schabas, W. (eds.), Essays on the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court (Ripa di Fagnano Alto: Il Sirente, 2004), vol. II.
Lauterpacht, H., ‘The law of nations and the punishment of war crimes’ (1944) British Yearbook of International Law58–95.
Lauterpacht, H.Recognition in international law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1947).
Lee, R. (ed.), The International Criminal Court: the making of the Rome statute issues, negotiations and results (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999).
Levie H., ‘War crimes’ in Schmitt, M. (ed.), The law of military operations: lieber amicorum Jack Grunawalt (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 1998) pp. 95–112.
Linton, S., ‘New approaches to international justice in Cambodia and East Timor’ (2002) 84 International Review of the Red Cross83–119.
Linton, S.‘Prosecuting atrocities at the district court of Dili’ (2001) 2 Melbourne journal of international law414.
Linton, S.‘Unravelling the first three trials at Indonesia's ad hoc court for human rights violations in East Timor’ (2004) 17 Leiden journal of international law303–61.
Lomblois, C., ‘De la compassion territoriale’ (1995) Revue de sciences criminelles et de droit pénal comparé399.
Luard, E. (ed.), The international regulation of civil wars (London: Thames and Hudson, 1972).
Macedo, S. (ed.), Universal jurisdiction, national courts and the prosecution of serious crimes under international law (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).
Maison, R., ‘Les premiers cas d'application des dispositions pénales des Conventions de Genève par les juridictions internes’ (1995) 6 European Journal of International Law260.
Manuell, J. and Kontic, A., ‘Transitional justice: the prosecution of war crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina under the rules of the road’ (2002) 4 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law331–43.
Maogoto, J., ‘The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: a paper umbrella in the rain? Initial pitfalls and brighter prospects’ (2004) Nordic journal of international law187–221.
Maogoto, J.War crimes and realpolitik, international justice from World War I to the twenty-first century (London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004).
Maresca, L., ‘Second review conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons’ (2002) 845 International Review of the Red Cross255.
Marschik A., ‘The politics of prosecution: European national approaches to war crimes’ in McCormack, T. and Simpson, G. (eds.), The law of war crimes (The Hague, London, Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1997) pp. 77–82.
Maslen, S. and Herby, P., ‘An international ban on anti-personnel mines, history and negotiation of the Ottawa treaty’ (1998) International Review of the Red Cross693–713.
Masse, M., ‘Ex-Yugouslavie, Rwanda: une compétence virtuelle des juridictions française’ (1997) Revue de sciences criminelles893.
Matheson, M. J., ‘Humanitarian law conference, remarks of Michael J. Matheson’ (1987) 2 American University Journal of international law and policy.
May, R.et al. (eds.), Essays on International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia procedure and evidence in honour of Gabrielle Kirk McDonald (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001).
McCormack, T., ‘Selective reaction to atrocity: war crimes and the development of international criminal law’ (1997) 60 Albany law review681–731.
McCormack, T. and Simpson, G. (eds.), The law of war crimes (The Hague, London, Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1997).
McDonald, A., ‘Sierra Leone's shoestring Special Court’ (2002) International Review of the Red Cross121.
MacDonald, G. K., ‘Problems, obstacles and achievements of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice558–71.
MacDonald, G. and Swaak-Goldman, O. (eds.), Substantive and procedural aspects of international criminal law: the experience of international and national courts (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000), vol. 1.
McGoldrick, D., Rowe, P. and Donnelly, E. (eds.), The Permanent International Criminal Court, legal and policy issues (Oxford and Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2004).
Megally, H. and Zyl, P., ‘US justice with an Iraqi face’ International Herald Tribune (4 December 2003).
Megret, F., ‘Epilogue to an endless debate: the International Criminal Court's third party jurisdiction and the looming revolution of international law’ (2001) 12 European Journal of International Law247–68.
Meisenberg, S., ‘Legality of amnesties in international humanitarian law: the Lomé amnesty decision of the Special Court for Sierra Leone’ (2004) 86 International Review of the Red Cross837–51.
Meron, T., ‘Classification of armed conflict in the former Yugoslavia: Nicaragua's fallout’ (1998) 92 American Journal of International Law240.
Meron, T.‘Crimes and accountability in Shakespeare’ (1998) 92 American Journal of International Law1–40.
Meron, T.‘Francis Lieber's code and principles of humanity’ (1997) 36 Columbia journal of transnational law271–81.
Meron, T.‘International criminalisation of internal atrocities’ (1995) 89 American Journal of International Law561.
Meron, T.‘Reflections on the prosecutions of war crimes by international tribunals’ (2006) 100 American Journal of International Law551–79.
Meron, T.‘The continuing role of custom in the formation of international humanitarian law’ (1996) 90 American Journal of International Law242.
Meron, T.‘The Geneva Conventions as customary law’ (1987) 81 American Journal of International Law359.
Meron, T.‘War crimes in Yugoslavia and the development of international law’ (1994) 88 American Journal of International Law78.
Meron, T.Henry's wars and Shakespeare's laws: perspectives on the law of war in the later Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993).
Meron, T.Human rights and humanitarian norms as customary law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).
Mettraux, G., ‘Dutch courts’ universal jurisdiction over violations of common Article 3 qua war crimes' (2006) 4 Journal of International Criminal Justice362–71.
Mettraux, G.‘US courts-martial and the armed conflict in the Philippines (1899–1902): their contribution to national case law on war crimes’ (2003) 1 Journal of International Criminal Justice135.
Mettraux, G.International crimes and the ad hoc Tribunals (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
Meyrowitz, H., ‘Le droit de la guerre dans le conflit vietnamien’ (1967) Annuaire français de droit international 156.
Minear, R. H., Victors' justice, the Tokyo war crimes trial (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971).
Mochochoko P., ‘International co-operation and judicial assistance’ in Lee, R. (ed.), The International Criminal Court, the making of the Rome statute (The Hague, Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999) p. 305.
Moir, L., ‘The historical development of the application of humanitarian law in non-international armed conflict to 1949’ (1998) 47 International Comparative Law Quarterly337–61.
Moir, L.The law of internal armed conflict (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
Möller, A., International law in peace and war (Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard, 1935).
Momtaz, D., ‘Le droit international humanitaire applicable aux conflits armés non internationaux’ (2001) 292 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye49–55.
Momtaz, D.‘War crimes in non-international armed conflicts under the statute of the International Criminal Court’ (1999) 2 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law p. 177.
Moore, J., Law and civil war in the modern world (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1974).
Morris, M., ‘International guidelines against impunity: facilitating accountability’ (1996) 59 Law and contemporary problems29–39.
Morris, M.‘Universal jurisdiction in a divided world’ (2001) 35 New England law review337.
Mubiala, M., ‘Le tribunal international pour le Rwanda’ (1995) 7 African journal of international and comparative law610.
Mundis, D., ‘New mechanisms for the enforcement of international humanitarian law’ (2001) 95 American Journal of International Law939–42.
Mundis D.‘Reporting non-compliance: rule 7bis’, in May, R.et al. (eds.), Essays on International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia procedure and evidence in honour of Gabrielle Kirk McDonald (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001) pp. 421–38.
Murphy, S., ‘Progress and jurisprudence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia’ (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law57.
Myren, R., ‘Applying international laws of war to non-international armed conflicts: past attempts and future strategies’ (1990) 37 Netherlands International Law Review367.
Naarden, G., ‘Non-prosecutorial sanctions for grave violations of international humanitarian law: wartime conduct of Bosnian police officials’ (2003) 97 American Journal of International Law342–52.
Newton, M., ‘The Iraqi high criminal court: controversy and contributions’ (2006) 88 International Review of the Red Cross399–425.
Nwogugu, E. I. V., ‘The Nigerian civil war: a case study in the law of war’ (1974) 14 Indian journal of international law13–53.
O'Brien, J., ‘The international tribunal for violations of international humanitarian law in the former Yugoslavia’ (1993) 67 American Journal of International Law639.
O'Donnell, D., ‘Trends in the application of international humanitarian law by UN human rights mechanisms’ (1998) International Review of the Red Cross481.
O'Keefe, R., ‘Universal jurisdiction: clarifying the basic concept’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice735–60.
O'Shea, S., ‘Interaction between international criminal tribunals and national legal systems’ (1995–96) 28 International law and politics393.
Oellers-Frahm K., ‘Co-operation; the indispensable prerequisite to the efficiency of International Criminal Tribunals’ (1995) ASIL proceedings p. 304.
Olsen O., ‘Investigation of serious crimes in East Timor’ in Ambos, K. and Othman, M. (eds.), New approaches in international criminal justice: Kosovo, East Timor, Sierra Leone and Cambodia (Freiburg: Max Planck Institute for International Law, 2003) pp. 113–30.
Olson, L., ‘Provoking the dragon on the patio. Matters of transitional justice: penal repression vs. amnesties’ (2006) 88 International Review of the Red Cross275–94.
Oppenheim, L. and Lauterpacht, H., International law – a treatise (London: Longman, Green and Co., 1952).
Orentlicher, D.et al., Making justice work: the report of the Century Foundation (New York: Century Foundation Press, 1998).
Osiel, M., ‘Why prosecute? Critics of punishment of mass atrocities’ (2000) 22 Human rights quarterly118.
Othman, M., ‘East Timor: a critique of the model of accountability for serious human rights and international humanitarian law violations’ (2003) 72 Nordic journal of international law449–82.
Othman M.‘The framework of prosecutions and the court system in East Timor’, in Ambos, K. and Othman, M. (eds.), New approaches in international criminal justice: Kosovo, East Timor, Sierra Leone and Cambodia (Freiburg: Max Planck Institute for International Law, 2003) pp. 85–112.
Pack, M., ‘Developments at the Special Court for Sierra Leone’ (2005) 4 Law and practice of international courts and tribunals171–92.
Padelford, N., ‘International law and the Spanish Civil War’ (1937) 31 American Journal of International Law226–43.
Paust, J., ‘Applicability of international criminal laws to events in the former Yugoslavia’ (1994) 9 American University journal of international law and policy499.
Pazartzis, P., ‘Tribunaux pénaux internationalisés: une nouvelle approche de la justice pénale (inter)nationale?’ (2003) Annuaire français de droit international641–61.
Pellet, A., ‘Le Tribunal criminel international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie: poudre aux yeux ou avancée décisive?’ (1995) Revue générale de droit international public7.
Perna, L., ‘Written and customary provisions relating to the conduct of hostilities and treatment of victims of armed conflicts in ancient India’ (1989) International Review of the Red Cross340.
Perna, L.The formation of the treaty law of non-international armed conflicts (Leiden, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2006).
Philippe, X., ‘The principle of universal jurisdiction and complementarity: how do the two principles intermesh?’(2006) 88 International Review of the Red Cross375–98.
Phillipson, C., The international law and custom of ancient Greece and Rome (London: Macmillan and Co., 1911).
Pictet, J., The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 – commentary to Convention I (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1952).
Pictet, J.The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 – commentary on the IV Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in times of war (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1958).
Pictet, J.Commentary on the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1960).
Pigaroff D., ‘Protection of national security information’, in Lee, R. (ed.), The International Criminal Court, the making of the Rome statute (The Hague, Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999) p. 270.
Pinto, R., ‘Les règles du droit international concernant la guerre civile’ (1965/I) 114 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye482.
Plattner, D., ‘The penal repression of violations of international humanitarian law applicable in non-international armed conflicts’ (1990) 30 International Review of the Red Cross424.
Politi, M. and Nesi, G., The Rome statute of the International Criminal Court, a challenge to impunity (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001).
Poirat, F., ‘Immunité de juridiction pénale du chef d'etat étranger en exercise et règle coutumière devant le juge judiciaire’ (2001) RDGIP473–91.
Provost, R., International human rights and humanitarian law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
Queguinner, J. F., ‘Dix ans après la création du Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie: évaluation de l'apport de sa jurisprudence au droit international humanitaire’ (2003) 85 International Review of the Red Cross279–81.
Quénivet, N., ‘The Moscow hostage crisis in the light of the armed conflict in Chechnya’ (2001) Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law348–72.
Randall, K. C, ‘Universal jurisdiction under international law’ (1998) 66 Texas law review785–841.
Ratner, S., ‘Belgium's war crimes statute: a postmortem’ (2003) 97 American Journal of International Law888–97.
Ratner, S. and Abrams, J., Accountability for human rights atrocities in international law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
Reidy, A., ‘The approach of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights to international humanitarian law’ (1998) International Review of the Red Cross513.
Reisman, W. M., ‘On paying the piper: financial responsibility for Security Council referrals to the International Criminal Court’ (2005) 99 American Journal of International Law615–18.
Reverdin O., ‘Le Général Guillaume-Henri Dufour, précurseur d'Henri Dunant’ in Swinarski, C. (ed.), Studies and essays on international humanitarian law and Red Cross principles in honour of J. Pictet (Geneva : International Committee of the Red Cross, Martinus Njihoff Publishers, 1984) pp. 951–58.
Reydams, L., ‘Universal jurisdiction over atrocities in Rwanda’ (1996) 1 European journal of crime, criminal law and criminal justice18–47.
Reydams, L.Universal jurisdiction: international and municipal legal perspectives (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
Rinoldi D. and Parisi N., ‘International co-operation and judicial assistance between the International Criminal Court and states parties’ in Lattanzi, F. and Schabas, W. (eds.), Essays on the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court (Ripa di Fagnano Alto: Il Sirente, 1999) vol. I, p. 339.
Roberts, A., ‘Traditional and modern approaches to customary international law: a reconciliation’ (2001) 95 American Journal of International Law757–91.
Roberts, A. and Guelf, R. (eds.), Documents on the laws of war (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).
Robertson A., ‘Humanitarian law and human rights’ in Swinarski, C. (ed.), Studies and essays on international humanitarian law and Red Cross principles, in honour of J. Pictet (Geneva : International Committee of the Red Cross, Martinus Njihoff Publishers, 1984) p. 793.
Robinson, D., ‘Implementing international crimes: the Canadian approach’ in Acts of the Berlin Conference on ‘the Rome Statute, what's next: domestic and foreign approaches to the implementation of international criminal law in national law’ (Berlin: Reader & International Criminal Law Society, 2000) p. 26.
Robinson, D.‘The impact of the human rights accountability movement on the international law of immunities’ (2002) Canadian yearbook of international law151–91.
Robinson, D. and Hebel, H. v., ‘War crimes in internal armed conflicts: article 8 of the International Criminal Court Statute’ (1999) 2 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law193.
Roht-Arriaza, N. and Gibson, L., ‘The developing jurisprudence on amnesty’ (1998) 20 Human rights quarterly865.
Röling B., ‘Aspects of the criminal responsibility for violations of the laws of war’ in Cassesse, A. (ed.), The new humanitarian law of armed conflicts (Naples: Editoriale Scientifica, 1979) pp. 199–231.
Röling, B.‘Criminal responsibility for violations of the laws of war’ (1976) 12 Revue belge de droit international13.
Romano, C. P., ‘The price of international justice’ (2005) 4 Law and practice of international courts and tribunals281–328, 296.
Rosensweig, L. and Blank, , ‘The laws of war in Shakespeare: international vs. internal armed conflict’ (1997–1998) 30 International law and politics251–90.
Rowe, P., ‘Liability for war crimes during a non-international armed conflict’ (1996) Military law and laws of war review152.
Rowe, P.‘The International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia: the decision of the Appeals Chamber on the interlocutory appeal on jurisdiction in the Tadić case’ (1996) 45 International Comparative Law Quarterly691.
Rowe, P.‘War crimes and the former Yugoslavia, the legal difficulties’ (1993) 32 Revue de droit militaire et droit de la guerre317.
Rupesinghe, K., Civil wars, civil peace, an introduction to conflict resolution (London: Pluto Press, 1998).
Salmon, J., ‘Libres propos sur l'arrêt de la CIJ du 14 février 2002 dans l'affaire relative au mandat d'arrêt du 11 avril 2000’ (2002) Revue belge de droit international512–17.
Sandoz, Y., ‘Implementing international humanitarian law’ in UNESCO, International dimensions of humanitarian law (Dordrecht: Henry Dunant Institute, UNESCO, Martinus Nijhoff, 1988) pp. 259–82.
Sandoz Y.‘Penal aspects of international humanitarian law’ in Bassiouni, C. (ed.), International criminal law (Dobbs Ferry: International Publishers, 1986) vol. I, pp. 209–32.
Sandoz, Y., Swinarski, C. and Zimmermann, R. (eds.), Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, Martinus Nijhoff, 1987).
Sands, P., ‘What is the International Court of Justice for?’ (2002) Revue belge de droit international537–45.
Sarooshi D., ‘The peace and justice paradox: the International Criminal Court and the UN Security Council’ in McGoldrick, D., Rowe, P. and Donnelly, E. (eds.), The permanent international criminal court, legal and policy issues (Oxford and Portland Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2004) p. 102.
Sarooshi, D.‘The powers of the UN International Criminal Tribunals’ (1998) 2 Max Planck yearbook of UN law p. 141.
Sassoli, M., ‘La première décision de la chambre d'appel du Tribunal Pénal International pour l'ex-Yougoslavie’ (1996) 100 Revue générale de droit international public129.
Sassoli, M.‘Le génocide rwandais, la justice militaire suisse et le droit international’ (2002) 2 Revue suisse de droit international et européen151–77.
Sassoli, M. and Bouvier, A. (eds.), How does law protect in war? (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1999).
Schachter, O., ‘International law in theory and practice, general course in public international law’ (1982) 78 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye262.
Scharf, M., ‘Is it international enough? A critique of the Iraqi Special Tribunal in light of the goals of international justice’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice330–37.
Scharf, M.‘The letter of the law: the scope of international legal obligation to prosecute human rights crime’ (1996) 59 Law and contemporary problems41.
Scheffer, D., ‘The United States and the International Criminal Court’ (1999) 93 American Journal of International Law12.
Schindler, D., ‘Le droit international humanitaire et les conflits armés internationalisés’ (1982) International Review of the Red Cross263.
Schindler, D.‘The different types of armed conflict according to the Geneva Conventions and Protocols’ (1979) 163 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye151.
Schindler, D. and Toman, J. (eds.), The laws of armed conflict. A collection of conventions, resolutions and other documents (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1996).
Schlögel, A., ‘Civil war’ (1970) 108 International Review of the Red Cross123–34.
Schmitt, M. N. (ed.), International law studies: the law of military operations, lieber amicorum Professor J. Grunawalt (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 1998).
Schmitt, M. and Green, L. (eds.), The law of armed conflicts into the next millennium (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 1998).
Sezibera, R., ‘The only way to bring justice to Rwanda’ Washington Post, 7 April 2002.
Shany, Y., ‘Does one size fit all? Reading the jurisdictional provisions of the new Iraqi Special Tribunal statute in the light of the statutes of the International Criminal Tribunals’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice338–46.
Shaw, M., International Law, 3rd edn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
Shraga, D. and Zacklin, R., ‘The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’ (1996) 7 European Journal of International Law501.
Siotis, , Le droit de la guerre et les conflits armés d'un caractère non international (Paris: Librairie de droit et de jurisprudence, 1958).
SIPRI Yearbook, armaments, disarmament and international security (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 and 2006).
Slade T. and Clark R., ‘Preamble and final clauses’ in Lee, R. (ed.), The International Criminal Court, the making of the Rome statute, issues, negotiations, results (The Hague, London, Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999) pp. 421–50.
Sluiter, G., ‘Obtaining evidence for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia: an overview and assessment of domestic implementing legislation’ (1998) Netherlands International Law Review87.
Sluiter, G.‘To co-operate or not to co-operate? The case of the failed transfer of Ntakirutimana to the Rwanda Tribunal’ (1998) 11 Leiden journal of international law383.
Smith, B., Reaching judgment at Nuremberg (London: Andre Deutsch Ltd, 1977).
Sob, P., ‘The dynamics of International Criminal Tribunals’ (1998) 67 Nordic journal of international law139.
Spieker, H., ‘The International Criminal Court and non-international armed conflicts’ (2000) 13 Leiden journal of international law395–425.
Spieker, H.‘Twenty-five years after the adoption of additional Protocol II: breakthrough or failure of humanitarian legal protection?’ (2001) 4 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law129–66.
Sriram, C. L., ‘Globalising justice: from universal jurisdiction to mixed tribunals’ (2004) 22/1Netherlands quarterly of human rights20–25.
Stafford, N. K., ‘A model war crimes court: Sierra Leone’ (2003) 10 ILSA Journal of international and comparative law117–42.
Stahn, C., ‘Why some doors may be closed already: second thoughts on a case-by-case treatment of Article 12(3) declarations’ (2006) 75 Nordic journal of international law243–48.
Stahn, C., Zeidy, El M. and Olasolo, H., ‘The International Criminal Court's ad hoc jurisdiction revisited’ (2005) 99 American Journal of International Law421–31.
Stern, B., ‘La compétence universelle en France: le cas des crimes commis en ex-Yougoslavie et au Rwanda’ (1997) 40 German yearbook of international law280–99.
James, Stewart, ‘Towards a single definition of armed conflict in international humanitarian law: a critique of internationalized armed conflict’ (2003) 85 International Review of the Red Cross313–49.
Strohmeyer, H., ‘Collapse and reconstruction of a judicial system: the United Nations missions in Kosovo and East Timor’ (2001) 95 American Journal of International Law46.
Stromseth, J. (ed.), Accountability for atrocities, national and international responses (Ardsley, New York: Transnational Publishers, 2003).
Tzu, Sun, The art of war (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963).
Sunga, L., ‘The first indictments of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’ (1997) 18 Human rights law journal329.
Swaak-Goldman, O., ‘Recent developments in international criminal law: trying to stay afloat between Scylla and Charybdis’ (2005) 54 International Comparative Law Quarterly691–704.
Swinarski, C. (ed.), Studies and essays on international humanitarian law and Red Cross principles in honour of J. Pictet (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, Martinus Njihoff Publishers, 1984).
Taubenfeld H. J., ‘The applicability of the laws of war in civil war’ in Moore, J. (ed.), Law and civil war in the modern world (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1974) pp. 499–517.
Taylor R. S., ‘Better later than never: Cambodia's joint tribunal’ in Stromseth, J., Accountability for atrocities, national and international responses (Ardsley, New York: Transnational Publishers, 2003) pp. 237–70.
The manual of the law of armed conflict, UK Ministry of Defence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
Ticehurst, R., ‘The Martens Clause and the laws of armed conflict’ (1997) International Review of the Red Cross125–34.
Tomushat, C., ‘Universal jurisdiction with respect to the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes’, Yearbook of the Institute of International Law (Paris: Pedone, 2005) vol. 71, part1, pp. 252–53.
Triffterer, O. (ed.), Commentary on the Rome statute of the International Criminal Court, observers' notes, article by article (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999).
Turns, D., ‘At the vanishing point of international humanitarian law: methods and means of warfare in non-international armed conflicts’ (2002) 45 German yearbook of international law115–48 at 122–26.
Turns, D.‘Certain criminal proceedings in France (Republic of Congo v. France) provisional measures order of 17 June 2003’ (2004) International Comparative Law Quarterly747–52.
Turns, D.‘War crimes without war? The applicability of international humanitarian law to atrocities in non-international conflicts’ (1995) 7 African journal of international and comparative law808.
Tusa, A., The Nuremberg trial (New York: Cooper Square Press, 2003).
Umozurike, U. O., ‘The application of international humanitarian law to civil conflicts’ (1992) 4 African journal of international and comparative law500.
United Nations War Crimes Commission, Law reports of trials of war criminals, vol. 1 (London: HMSO, 1947).
United Nations War Crimes CommissionThe history of the UN War Crimes Commission and the development of the laws of war (London: HMSO, 1948).
United Nations War Crimes CommissionLaw reports of trials of war criminals, vol. 8 (London: HMSO, 1949).
United Nations War Crimes CommissionLaw reports of trials of war criminals, vol. 15 (London: HMSO, 1949).
Van der Stoel M., Report on the situation of human rights in Iraq, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, UN.Doc.E/CN./1992/31 (18 February 1992).
Elst, R., ‘Implementing universal jurisdiction over grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions’ (2000) Leiden journal of international law815.
Veuthey M., ‘Les conflits armés de caractère non international et le droit humanitaire’ in Cassese, A. (ed.), Current problems of international law: essays on UN law and on the laws of armed conflict, (Milan: Giuffre, 1975) p. 246.
Clausewitz, C., On war (Princeton N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1989).
Von Hebel H. and Robinson D., ‘Crimes within the jurisdiction of the court’ in Lee, R. (ed.), The International Criminal Court, the making of the Rome statute, issues, negotiations, results (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999) pp. 79–141.
Weckel, P., ‘L'institution d'un tribunal international pour la répression des crimes de droit humanitaire en Yougoslavie’ (1993) 39 Annuaire français de droit international232.
Wedgwood R., ‘National courts and the prosecution of war crimes’ in MacDonald, G. and Swaak-Goldman, O., (eds.), Substantive and procedural aspects of international criminal law: the experience of international and national courts (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000) vol. 1, pp. 393–413.
Wedgwood, R. ‘The International Criminal Court: an American view’ (1999) 10 European Journal of International Law93.
Wedgwood R.‘The International Criminal Tribunal and subpoenas for state documents’ in Schmitt, M. and Green, L. (eds.), The law of armed conflicts into the next millenium, vol. 71 (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 1998).
Wehberg, H., ‘La guerre civile et le droit international’ (1938/I) 63 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye63.
Wells, D., War crimes and the laws of war, 2nd edn (Lanham: University Press of America, 1991).
Wenqi, Z., ‘On co-operation by states not party to the International Criminal Court’ (2006) 88 International Review of the Red Cross87–110.
Weyembergh, A., ‘La notion de conflit armé, le droit international humanitaire et les forces des Nations Unies en Somalie’ (1999) Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie177–201.
Wheaton H., Elements of international law, 8th edn edited by Dana, R. (London: Sampson Low, Son & Co., 1866).
Wickremasinghe, C., ‘Arrest warrant of 11 April 2000 (RDC v. Belgium), preliminary objections and merits, judgment of 14 February 2002’ (2003) International Comparative Law Quarterly775–81.
Wieviorka, A. (ed.), Les procès de Nuremberg et de Tokyo (Brussels: Editions Complexe, 1996).
Williams S. A., ‘The Rome statute on the International Criminal Court – universal jurisdiction or state consent to make or break the package deal’ in Schmitt, M. (ed.), International law across the spectrum of conflict: essays in honour of Professor L.C. Green on the occasion of his eightieth birthday (Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College, 2000) vol. 75, pp. 539–63.
Williams, S., ‘The Cambodian extraordinary chambers – a dangerous precedent for international justice?’ (2004) 53 International Comparative Law Quarterly227–45.
Winants, A., ‘The Yerodia ruling of the International Court of Justice and the 1993/99 Belgian law on universal jurisdiction’ (2003) 16 Leiden journal of international law491–509.
Wippman, D., ‘The costs of international justice’ (2006) 100 American Journal of International Law861–87.
Wirth, S., ‘Immunity for core crimes: the International Court of Justice's judgment in the Congo v. Belgium case’ (2002) 13 European Journal of International Law877–93.
Wolfke, K., Custom in present international law (Dordrecht, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 1993).
Wolfrum, R., ‘Prosecution of international crimes by international and national criminal courts: concurring jurisdiction’ in Studi di diritto internazionale in onore di Gaetano Arango-Ruiz (Naples: Editoriale Scientifica, 2004) vol. 3, pp. 2200–1.
Wolfrum, R.‘The decentralised prosecution of international offences through national courts’ (1994) 24 Israel yearbook of human rights183–201.
Woolsey, T., Introduction to the study of international law, 4th edn (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low & Searle, 1875).
Wouters, J. and Smet, L., ‘The International Court of Justice's judgment in the case concerning the arrest warrant of 11 April 2000: some critical observations’ (2001) 4 Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law373–88.
Yee, S. and Tieya, W. (eds.), International law in the post-cold war world: essays in memory of Li Haopei (London: Routledge, 2001).
Zacklin, R., ‘The failings of ad hoc international tribunals’ (2004) 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice545.
Zakane, V., ‘La compétence universelle des états dans le droit international contemporain’ (2000) 8 African yearbook of international law183–222.
Zappala, S., ‘Do heads of state in office enjoy immunity from jurisdiction for international crimes? The Ghaddafi case before the French cour de cassation’ (2001) 12 European Journal of International Law595–612.
Zappala, S.‘The German Federal Prosecutor's decision not to prosecute a former Uzbek minister’ (2006) 4 Journal of International Criminal Justice602–22.
Zegveld, L., ‘The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and international humanitarian law: a comment on the Tablada case’ (1998) International Review of the Red Cross505.
Zegveld, L.Accountability of armed opposition groups in international law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
Zemanek, K., ‘The legal foundations of the international system’ (1997) 226 Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international de La Haye157–67.
Ziegler, A., ‘Domestic prosecution and international co-operation with regard to violations of international humanitarian law: the case of Switzerland’ (1997) 5 Revue suisse de droit international et droit européen561–85.
Zwinarski, C. (ed.), Etudes et essais sur le droit international humanitaire et sur les principes de la Croix-Rouge en l'honneur de Jean Pictet (Geneva, Dordrecht: International Committee of the Red Cross, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1984).
