Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 56
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
June 2012
Print publication year:
2010
Online ISBN:
9780511761317

Book description

Japanese women, singled out for their commitment to the role of housewife and mother, are now postponing marriage and bearing fewer children. Japan has become one of the least fertile and fastest aging countries in the world. Why are so many Japanese women opting out of family life? To answer this question, the author draws on in-depth interviews and extensive survey data to examine Japanese mothers' perspectives and experiences of marriage, parenting, and family life. The goal is to understand how, as introspective, self-aware individuals, these women interpret and respond to the barriers and opportunities afforded within the structural and ideological contexts of contemporary Japan. The findings suggest a need for changes in the structure of the workplace and the education system to provide women with the opportunity to find a fulfilling balance of work and family life.

Reviews

“Japanese mothers are powerful figures: they shape not only home life but also the workings of Japanese communities, schools, and workplaces. Susan Holloway uses Japan as a lens through which to explore the broad question of how culture shapes child-rearing. Her in-depth interviews with Japanese women shed light on universal questions: how mothers imagine what makes an effective parent, how one’s own upbringing affects one’s parenting, how to preserve tradition while accommodating modern demands, and how to balance work and family. This is a fascinating book grounded in the history and anthropology of Japan which speaks to the mounting pressures on the family in the industrialized world.”
– Amy Borovoy, Princeton University, author of The Too-Good Wife: Alcohol, Codependency, and the Politics of Nurturance in Postwar Japan

"In this timely and path-breaking book, Susan Holloway paints an engaging canvas of how cultural concerns and public policies have shaped the ways young Japanese women view themselves, without losing sight of the ways that individual women also transcend their own culture in their perceptions and evaluations of what it means to be wife and mother. The combination of these elements – the cultural, the institutional, and the individual – is what makes this book so powerful and different from previous treatments of Japanese families. A must-read book for scholars interested in an up-to-date narrative of Japanese women as mothers and wives in contemporary Japan."
– Per F. Gjerde, University of California, Santa Cruz

“Through a series of candid face-to-face, in-depth interviews supplemented by survey results, Holloway brings us a stunning critique of Japan’s approach to the lives of women – conditions of education, work, and marriage that often add stress rather than support. Declines in rates of marriage and childbirth are understandable results, particularly under the scrutiny of the ‘faceless other’ lurking among neighbors and extended family. The situation requires mothers to draw heavily on individual strength to attempt to create opportunities not only for their child’s academic success but also for their personal happiness.”
– June A. Gordon, University of California, Santa Cruz

"There is no doubt that this is a major contribution to research and scholarship on Japanese parenting, child rearing, and education, but it is also a polished piece of writing, commanding the attention of anyone even slightly interested in the subject. The book is at once a synthesis of social science data and perspectives and an in-depth study of the attitudes and behaviors of 16 mothers in Osaka. Its analysis, reflecting the long experience of the author with this subject, is consistently illuminating, credible and balanced."
– Robert A. LeVine, Harvard University

“Susan Holloway explores the ‘good mother’ in Japan in ways so far untreated in the western literature on Japan. Why is it that Japanese women who now have so many options for work and activities still measure themselves by their capacity to be good mothers? Holloway examines the peaks and valleys of the landscape of women’s lives in Japan, revealing the psychological and social complexities at ground level. The voices of four mothers frame a story of confidence where demands are high, initiative where frustration bars the door, and self evaluation and determination when there is little support. And yet, the joys of motherhood in Japan are evident, perhaps more strikingly available to a Japanese mother than to her striving western counterpart.”
– Merry White, Boston University

"....the book is an impressive contribution to several fields of study. It is a careful, thoughtful project that provides important insights into Japan today and hints of the future society in which these young children will be adults. It demonstrates the value of multi-level analysis of social-psychological issues incorporating both individual agency and sociocultural constraints. The project provides rich comparative data for analyzing the relationship between parental self-efficacy and factors of social class, cultural values, social support, and institutional setting. For policy experts looking to understand young women’s reluctance to marry and bear children at the rates of the past, this well-crafted book is an excellent place to begin."
– Susan Orpett Long, John Carroll University, International Journal of Sociology of the Family

"Holloway (education, Berkeley) provides a very detailed look into the lives of Japanese women in the context of family.... Holloway also breaks some new ground, including an exploration of some interesting data on husbands, uncommon for books dealing with Japanese women. She also does well to contextualize the ways the lives of women intersect with public policies. Overall, this solid addition to the literature on Japan does a nice job of integrating qualitative and quantitative forms of data.... Recommended."
– J.W. Traphagan, University of Texas at Austin, CHOICE

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References
Allison, A. (1991). Japanese mothers and obentos: The lunch-box as ideological state apparatus. Anthropological Quarterly, 64, 195–208.
Allison, A. (1994). Nightwork: Sexuality, pleasure, and corporate masculinity in a Tokyo hostess club. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Allison, A. (1996). Producing mothers. In Imamura, A. E. (Ed.), Re-imaging Japanese women (pp. 135–155). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ando, M., Asakura, T., & Simons-Morton, B. (2005). Psychosocial influences on physical, verbal, and indirect bullying among Japanese early adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 268–297.
Ardelt, M., & Eccles, J. S. (2001). Effects of mothers' parental efficacy beliefs and promotive parenting strategies on inner-city youth. Journal of Family Issues, 22, 944–972.
Asonuma, A. (2002). Finance reform in Japanese higher education. Higher Education, 43, 109–126.
Azuma, H. (1986). Why study child development in Japan? In Stevenson, H., Azuma, H., & Hakuta, K. (Eds.), Child development and education in Japan (pp. 3–12). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Multifaceted impact of self-efficacy beliefs on academic functioning. Child Development, 67, 1206–1222.
Bankart, C. P., & Bankart, B. (1985). Japanese children's perceptions of their parents. Sex Roles, 13, 679–690.
Bassani, D. D. (2007). The Japanese tanshin funin: A neglected family type. Community, Work, and Family, 10, 111–131.
Beech, H. (2005, August 22). The wasted asset. Time Asia Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501050829/story.html
Behrens, K. Y. (2004). A multifacted view of the concept of amae: Reconsidering the indigenous Japanese concept of relatedness. Human Development, 47, 1–27.
Behrens, K. Y., Hesse, E., & Main, M. (2007). Mothers' attachment status as determined by the Adult Attachment Interview predicts their 6-year-olds' reunion responses: A study conducted in Japan. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1553–1567.
,Benesse Educational Research Institute. (2006a). Basic survey on young children's daily lives and parents' childrearing in five East Asian cities: Tokyo, Seoul, Beijing, Shanghai, and Tapei. Retrieved from www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2006/ASIAN.HTM
Coleman, P., (2006b). The first report on Japanese fathers' views on childrearing. Retrieved from www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/DATA/SPECIAL/FATHER/index.html
Coleman, P., (2008a). Trends in Japanese education – 2008. Retrieved from http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/DATA/SPECIAL/TRENDS2008/index.html
Coleman, P., (2008b). First time parenting. Research report retrieved from http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/DATA/SPECIAL/PARENTING/PART1.html
Coleman, P., (2008c). Dai 4 kai gakushū kihon chōsa [The fourth basic research on academic performance]. Retrieved from http://benesse.jp/berd/center/open/report/gakukihon4/hon/pdf/kou/data_03.pdf
Bernstein, G. L. (1983). Haruko's world: A Japanese farm woman and her community. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Bernstein, G. L. (1991). Introduction. In Bernstein, G. L. (Ed.), Recreating Japanese women, 1600–1945 (pp. 1–14). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bornstein, M. H., Haynes, O. M., Azuma, H., Galperin, C., Maital, S., Ogino, M., et al. (1998). A cross-national study of self-evaluations and attributions in parenting: Argentina, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, and the United States. Developmental Psychology, 34, 662–676.
Borovoy, A. (2005). The too-good wife: Alcohol, codependency, and the politics of nurturance in postwar Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. (1977). Reproduction in education, society, and culture. Beverly Hills, CA:Sage Publications.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Separation (Vol. 2). New York, NY: Basic Books.
Brinton, M. C. (1993). Women and the economic miracle: Gender and work in postwar Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Brinton, M. C. (Ed.). (2001). Women's working lives in East Asia. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Brooke, J. (2005, May 28). Fighting to protect her gift to Japanese women. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/28/international/asia/28japan.html?pagewanted=print
Brownstein, M. C. (1980). Jogaku Zasshi and the founding of bungakukai. Monumenta Nipponica, 35, 319–336.
Bugental, D. B., & Shennum, W. A. (1984). “Difficult” children as elicitors and targets of adult communication patterns: An attributional-behavioral transactional analysis. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 49(1), serial no. 205.
Bumpass, L. L., & Choe, M. K. (2004). Attitudes relating to marriage and family life. In Tsuya, N. O. & Bumpass, L. L. (Eds.), Marriage, work, and family life in comparative perspective: Japan, South Korea, and the United States (pp. 19–38). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Bus, A. G., & IJzendoorn, M. H. (1988). Mother-child interactions, attachment, and emergent literacy: A cross-sectional study. Child Development, 59, 1262–1272.
Chen, S. (1996). Are Japanese young children among the gods? In D. W. Shwalb & B. J. Shwalb (Eds.), Japanese childrearing: Two generations of scholarship (pp. 31–43). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Choe, M. K., Bumpass, L. L., & Tsuya, N. O. (2004). Employment. In Tsuya, N. O. & L. L. Bumpass, (Eds.), Marriage, work, and family life in comparative perspective: Japan, South Korea, and the United States (pp. 95–113). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Cohn, D. A., Cowan, P. A., Cowan, C. P., & Pearson, J. (1992). Mothers' and fathers' working models of childhood attachment relationships, parenting styles, and child behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 417–431.
Coleman, P., & Karraker, K. H. (1997). Self-efficacy and parenting quality: Findings and future applications. Developmental Review, 18, 47–85.
Coleman, P., (2000). Parenting self-efficacy among mothers of school-age children: Conceptualization, measurement, and correlates. Family Relations, 49, 13–24.
Condon, J. (1985). A half step behind: Japanese women today. Rutland, VT:Charles E. Tuttle
Conroy, M., Hess, R., Azuma, H., & Kashiwagi, K. (1980). Maternal strategies for regulating children's behavior: Japanese and American families. Journal of Cross-Cultural Studies, 11, 153–172.
Crystal, D. S., Chen, C., Fuligni, A. J., Stevenson, H. W., Hsu, C., Ko, H., et al. (1994). Psychological maladjustment and academic achievement: A cross-cultural study of Japanese, Chinese, and American high school students. Child Development, 65, 738–753.
Cutrona, C. E., & Troutman, B. R. (1986). Social support, infant temperament, and parenting self-efficacy: A mediational model of postpartum depression. Child Development, 57, 1507–1518.
Deutsch, F. M., Ruble, D. N., Fleming, A., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Stangor, G. S. (1988). Information seeking and maternal self-definition during the transition to motherhood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 420–431.
Doi, T. (1986). The anatomy of self: The individual versus society. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha International.
Doi, T. (2002). The anatomy of dependence. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha International. (Originally published in English in 1973)
Dore, R. P. (1958). City life in Japan: A study of a Tokyo ward. Berkeley: University of California Press.
,Education rebuilding council submits second report. (2007, June). Foreign Press Center of Japan. Retrieved from http://www.fpcj.jp/old/e/mres/japanbrief/jb_744.html
Everingham, C. (1994). Motherhood and modernity: An investigation into the rational dimension of mothering. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.
Feiler, B. S. (1991). Learning to bow: Inside the heart of Japan. New York, NY: Ticknor & Fields.
Field, N. (1993). In the realm of a dying emperor: Japan at century's end. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
Fernald, A., & Morikawa, H. (1993). Common themes and cultural variations in Japanese and American mothers' speech to infants. Child Development, 64, 637–656.
Frank, K. (2006). Agency. Anthropological Theory, 6(3), 281–302.
Frederick, J. (2003, July 21). Severe acute ridiculousness syndrome. Time Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,465836,00.html
French, H. W. (2002, September 23). Educators try to tame Japan's blackboard jungles. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html? res=9E0DE3DA1739F930A1575AC0A9649C8B63
French, H. W. (2003, July 25). Japan's neglected resource: Female workers. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9506E7D8123FF936A15754C0A9659C8B63#
Froman, R. D., & Owen, S. V. (1989). Infant care self-efficacy. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice: An International Journal, 3, 199–211.
Fuess, H. (2004). Divorce in Japan: Family, gender, and the state 1600–2000. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Fujita, M. (1989). “It's all mother's fault”: Childcare and the socialization of working mothers in Japan. Journal of Japanese Studies, 15, 67–91.
George, C., & Solomon, J. (1999). Attachment and caregiving: The caregiving behavioral system. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 649–670). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Gjerde, P. (2004). Culture, power, and experience: Toward a person-centered cultural psychology. Human Development, 47(3), 138–157.
Gonzales, P., Guzman, J. C., Partelow, L., Pahlke, E., Jocelyn, L., Kastberg, D., et al. (2004). Highlights from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2003. Washington, DC: Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
Goodman, R. (2006). Policing the Japanese family: Child abuse, domestic violence and the changing role of the state. In Rebick, M. & Takenaka, A. (Eds.), The changing Japanese family (pp. 147–160). Oxon, England: Routledge.
Gordon, B. S. (1997). The only woman in the room: A memoir. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha International.
Grusec, J. E., Hastings, P., & Mammone, N. (1994). Parenting cognitions and relationship schemas. In Smetana, J. G. (Ed.), Beliefs about parenting: Origins and developmental implications (pp. 73–86). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Hamada, T. (1997). Absent fathers, feminized sons, selfish mothers and disobedient daughters: Revisiting the Japanese ie household. Japan Policy Research Institute Working Paper No. 33, Retrieved from http://www.jpri.org/publications/ workingpapers/wp33.html
Hamaguchi, K. (2007). Nenrei sabetsu [Age discrimination]. Hōritsu Jihō, 79(3).
Hara, H., & Minagawa, M. (1996). From productive dependents to precious guests: Historical changes in Japanese children. In Shwalb, D. W. & Shwalb, B. J. (Eds.), Japanese childrearing: Two generations of scholarship (pp. 9–30). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Harkness, S., & Super, C. M. (1992). Parental ethnotheories in action. In Sigel, I., McGillicuddy-DeLisi, A. V., & Goodnow, J. (Eds.), Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (2nd ed., pp. 373–392). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Harkness, S., (2002). Culture and parenting. In Bornstein, M. H. (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Biology and ecology of parenting (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 253–280). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Harvey, P. A. S. (1995). Interpreting Oshin – war, history and women in modern Japan. In Skov, L. & Moeran, B. (Eds.), Women, media and consumption in Japan (pp. 75–110). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Hashimoto, K. (1999). Gendai nihon no kaikyū kōzō: riron, hōhō, keiryō bunseki. [Class structure in modern Japan: Theory, method and quantitative analysis]. Tokyo, Japan: Toshindo.
Hausmann, R., Tyson, L. D., & Zahidi, S. (2006). The global gender gap report 2006. Retrieved from World Economic Forum Website: www.weforum.org
Heine, S., Lehman, D., Markus, R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?Psychological Review, 106, 766–794.
Hendry, J. (1981). Marriage in changing Japan: Community and society. Rutland, VT:Charles E. Tuttle.
Hendry, J. (1986). Becoming Japanese: The world of the pre-school child. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Henman, P. (2006). Updated costs of raising children – June quarter 2006. Retrieved from http://www.uq.edu.au/swahs/costsofkids/CostsofRaisingChildrenJuneQuarter06.pdf Hess, R. D., Azuma, H., Kashiwagi, K., Dickson, W. P., Nagano, S., Holloway, S. D., et al. (1986). Family influence on school readiness and achievement in Japan and the United States: An overview of a longitudinal study. In Stevenson, H., Azuma, H., & Hakuta, K. (Eds.), Child development and education in Japan (pp. 147–156). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
Hess, R. D., Kashiwagi, K., Azuma, H., Price, G. G., & Dickson, W. P. (1980). Maternal expectations for mastery of developmental tasks in Japan and the United States. International Journal of Psychology, 15, 259–271.
Hirao, K. (2001). Mothers as the best teachers: Japanese motherhood and early childhood education. In Brinton, M. C. (Ed.), Women's lives in East Asia (pp. 180–203). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Hirao, K. (2007a). Contradictions in maternal roles in contemporary Japan. In Devasahayam, T. W. & Yoh, B. S. A. (Eds.), Working and mothering in Asia: Images, ideologies and identities (pp. 51–83). Singapore: NUS Press.
Hirao, K. (2007b). The privatized education market and maternal employment in Japan. In Rosenbluth, F. R. (Ed.), The political economy of Japan's low fertility (pp. 170–197). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Hitlin, S., & Long, C. (2009). Agency as a sociological variable: A preliminary model of individuals, situations, and the life course. Sociology Compass, 3(1), 137–160.
Holloway, S. D. (1988). Concepts of ability and effort in Japan and the United States. Review of Educational Research, 58, 327–345.
Holloway, S. D. (2000). Contested childhood: Diversity and change in Japanese preschools. New York, NY: Routledge.
Holloway, S. D., & Behrens, K. Y. (2002). Parenting self-efficacy among Japanese mothers: Qualitative and quantitative perspectives on its association with childhood memories of family relations. In Bempechat, J. & Elliot, J. G. (Eds.), Learning in culture and context: Approaching the complexities of achievement motivation in student learning (pp. 27–43). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Holloway, S. D., Fuller, B., Rambaud, M. F., & Eggers-Piérola, C. (1997). Through my own eyes: Single mothers and the cultures of poverty. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Holloway, S. D., Suzuki, S., Yamamoto, Y., & Behrens, K. (2005). Parenting self-efficacy among Japanese mothers. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 36, 61–76.
Holloway, S. D., Suzuki, S., Yamamoto, Y., & Mindnich, J. (2006). Relation of maternal role concepts to parenting, employment choices, and life satisfaction among Japanese women. Sex Roles, 54(3/4), 235–249.
Holloway, S. D., & Yamamoto, Y. (2003). Sensei: Early childhood education teachers in Japan. In Saracho, O. & Spodek, B. (Eds.), Studying teachers in early childhood education settings [A volume in the Contemporary perspectives in early childhood education series] (pp. 181–207). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Holloway, S. D., Yamamoto, Y., & Suzuki, S. (2005). Exploring the gender gap: Working women speak out about working and raising children in contemporary Japan. Child Research Net Website: http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2005/SUSAN.HTM
Holloway, S. D., Yamamoto, Y., Suzuki, S., & Mindnich, J. (2008). Determinants of parental involvement in early schooling: Evidence from Japan. Early Childhood Research and Practice, 10(1). Online journal: http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v10n1/holloway.html
Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1997). Why do parents become involved in their children's education?Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 3–42.
Hori, G. V. S. (1996). Teaching and learning in the Rinzai Zen monastery. In Rohlen, T. P. & LeTendre, G. K. (Eds.), Teaching and learning in Japan (pp. 20–49). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Horio, T. (1998). Educational thought and ideology in modern Japan: State authority and intellectual freedom. Tokyo, Japan: University of Tokyo Press.
Hunter, J. (Ed.). (1993). Japanese women working. New York, NY:Routledge.
Imamura, A. E. (1987). Urban Japanese housewives: At home and in the community. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Inoue, T., & Ehara, Y. (1999). Jyosei no deeta bukku dai 3 ban. [Women's data book] (3rd ed.). Tokyo, Japan: Yuhikaku.
,International Comparative Research on “Home Education”: Survey on Children and Family Life. (2005). Report by National Women's Education Center, Japan. Retrieved from http://www.nwec.jp/en/publish/page02.html
Ishigaki, A. T. (2004). Restless wave: My life in two worlds, a memoir. New York, NY: The Feminist Press. (Original work published in 1940)
Ishii-Kuntz, M. (1994). Paternal involvement and perception toward fathers' roles: A comparison between Japan and the United States. Journal of Family Issues, 15, 30–48.
Ishii-Kuntz, M. (2003). Balancing fatherhood and work: Emergence of diverse masculinities in contemporary Japan. In Roberson, J. E. & Suzuki, N. (Eds.), Men and masculinities in contemporary Japan: Dislocating the salaryman doxa (pp. 198–216). New York, NY: Routledge.
Ishii-Kuntz, M. (2008). Sharing of housework and childcare in contemporary Japan. Paper delivered at the Expert Group Meeting on “equal sharing of responsibilities between women and men, including care-giving in the context of HIV/AIDS” at the United Nations, Division for the Advancement of Women, Geneva Switzerland.
Ishii-Kuntz, M., Makino, K., Kato, K., & Tsuchiya, M. (2004). Japanese fathers of preschoolers and their involvement in child care. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 66, 779–791.
Ishimoto, S. (1984). Facing two ways: The story of my life. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. (Original work published 1935)
Ito, K. K. (2008). An age of melodrama: Family, gender, and social hierarchy in the turn-of-the-century Japanese novel. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Iwamoto, T. (2000). Katei kankyō to shingaku.[Home environment and college attendance]. In Kataoka, E. (Ed.), Kaisō bunka to raifu sutairu no shakaigakuteki kenkyū. Raifu sutairu to bunka kenkyūkai. Osaka, Japan: Osaka University Department of Human Science.
Iwao, S. (1993). The Japanese woman: Traditional image and changing reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jackson, A. P. (2000). Maternal self-efficacy and children's influences on stress and parenting among single black mothers in poverty. Journal of Family Issues, 21(1), 3–16.
,Japan Center for Economic Research. (2007). Long-term forecast of global economy and population 2006–2050: Demographic change and the Asian economy. Retrieved from http://www.jcer.or.jp/eng/pdf/2006long_contents.pdf
,Japan Institute of Labor. (2003). Research report on the child-care leave system: Findings of a “Study of Women's Work and Family Life.” Retrieved from http://www.jil.go.jp/english/documents/JILNo157.pdf
,Japanese Prime Minister's Office. (2000). The present status of gender equality and measures: Second report on the plan for gender equality 2000. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/confer/beijing/national/japan98.htm
,Japan's “ monster ” parents take centre stage. (2008, June 7). Times Online. Retrieved from http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4083278.ece
Jolivet, M. (1997). Japan: The childless society? (Glasheen, A., Trans.) New York, NY:Routledge.
Kaneko, R., Ishikawa, A., Ishii, F., Sasai, T., Iwasawa, M., Mita, F., et al. (2008a). Population projections for Japan 2006–2055: Outline of results, methods, and assumptions. The Japanese Journal of Population, 6, 76–114.
Kaneko, R., Sasai, T., Kamano, S., Iwasawa, M., Mita, F., & Rie, M. (2008b). Marriage process and fertility of Japanese married couples: Overview of the results of the thirteenth Japanese national fertility survey, married couples. The Japanese Journal of Population, 6, 24–49.
Kariya, T., Shimizu, K., Shimizu, M., & Morota, Y. (2002). Chōsa hōkoku: Gakuryoku teika no jittai [A report of declining academic performance]. Iwanami Booklet (Serial No. 578).
Kashiwagi, K. (1998). Life-span developmental and socio-cultural approach toward Japanese women/mothers: Conceptions and realities of Japanese women/mothers. The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan, 37, 191–200.
Kazui, M. (1997). The influence of cultural expectations on mother-child relationships in Japan. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 18, 485–496.
Kelsky, K. (2001). Women on the verge: Japanese women, Western dreams. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
King, F. (1984). Lafcadio Hearn: Writings from Japan. London, England: Penguin Books.
Kojima, H. (1986). Child rearing concepts as a belief-value system of the society and the individual. In Stevenson, H., Azuma, H., & Hakuta, K. (Eds.), Child development and education in Japan (pp. 39–54). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
Kojima, H. (1996). Japanese concepts of child development from the mid-17th to mid-19th century. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 9, 315–329.
Kondo, D. K. (1990). Crafting selves: Power, gender, and discourses of identity in a Japanese workplace. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Kosugi, R. (2006). Youth employment in Japan's economic recovery: “Freeters” and “NEETs.” Japan Focus, Article 572. Retrieved from http://www.japanfocus. org/-Kosugi-Reiko/2022
Lanham, B. B., & Garrick, R. J. (1996). Adult to child in Japan: Interaction and relations. In Shwalb, B. & Shwalb, D. (Eds.), Japanese childrearing: Two generations of scholarship (pp. 97–124). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Lareau, A. (2000). Home advantage: Social class and parental intervention in elementary education. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
Lareau, A. (2003). Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lebra, T. S. (1984). Japanese women: Constraint and fulfillment. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Lebra, T. S. (1986). Self-reconstruction in Japanese religious psychotherapy. In Lebra, T. S. & Lebra, W. P. (Eds.), Japanese culture and behavior: Selected readings (Revised edition, pp. 354–368). Honolulu: University of Hawaii.
Lebra, T. S., & Lebra, W. P. (1986). Editorial note to part four. In Lebra, T. S. & Lebra, W. P. (Eds.), Japanese culture and behavior: Selected readings (Revised edition, pp. 339–343). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Lester, B. (2003). Adolescent suicide from an international perspective. American Behavioral Scientist, 46, 1157–1170.
LeTendre, G. (1998). The educational system in Japan: Case study findings. Washington, DC: National Institute on Student Achievement, Curriculum, and Assessment, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education.
LeVine, R. A., Dixon, S., LeVine, S., Richman, A., Leiderman, P. H., Keefer, C. H., et al. (1994). Child care and culture: Lessons from Africa. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Lewis, C. C. (1995). Educating hearts and minds: Reflections on Japanese preschool and elementary education. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Machida, S., Taylor, A. R., & Kim, J. (2002). The role of maternal beliefs in predicting home learning activities in Head Start families. Family Relations, 51, 176–184.
Mackie, V. (2003). Feminism in modern Japan. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Macnaughtan, H. (2006). From “post-war” to “post-bubble”: Contemporary Issues for Japanese working women. In Matanle, P. & Lunsing, W. (Eds.), Perspectives on work, employment and society in Japan (pp. 31–57). Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. In Bretherton, I. & Waters, E. (Eds.), Growing points of attachment: Theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1–2), 1985, pp. 66–104.
Manzo, K. K. (2008). Trends in Japan: Japan continues search for academic triumph. Education Week. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2008/ 04/23/34japan_Ep.h27.html
Mathias, R. (1993). Female labor in the Japanese coal-mining industry. In Hunter, J. (Ed.), Japanese women working (pp. 98–121). New York, NY: Routledge.
McBride, B. A., Brown, G. L., Bost, K. K., Shin, N., Vaughn, B., & Korth, B. (2005). Paternal identity, maternal gatekeeping, and father involvement. Family Relations, 54, 360–372.
Miller, R. L. (2003). The quiet revolution: Japanese women working around the law. Harvard Women's Law Journal, 26, 163–215.
Minami, M., & McCabe, A. (1995). Rice balls and bear hunts: Japanese and North American family narrative patterns. Journal of Child Language, 22, 423–445.
,Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. (2005). School Basic Survey. Retrieved from http://www.mext.go.jp/english/statist/05101901/008.pdf
,Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. (2006a). Heisei 18 nendo kodomo no gakushuhi chosha [The report on Japanese children's academic expenses in 2006]. Retrieved from http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/toukei/001/006/07120312/001.htm
Coleman, P., (2006b). Japan's Education at a Glance. Retrieved from http://www.mext.go.jp/ english/statist/07070310/005.pdf
,Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. (2008). Effective April 1 2007 scope of coverage for the child allowance system will expand. Retrieved from http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/child-support/index.html
Mishima, S. S. (1941). My narrow isle: The story of a modern woman in Japan. Westport, CT: Hyperion.
Miyake, Y. (1991). Doubling expectations: Motherhood and women's factory work under state management in Japan in the 1930s and 1940s. In Bernstein, G. L. (Ed.), Recreating Japanese women, 1600–1945 (pp. 267–295). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mizuuchi, T., Kato, M., & Oshiro, N. (2008). Modantoshi no keifu – Chizu kara yomitoku shakai to kūkan [The lineage of modern cities – The society and space from maps]. Kyoto, Japan: Nakanishiya Shuppan.
Molony, B. (1991). Activism among women in the Taisho cotton textile industry. In Bernstein, G. L. (Ed.), Recreating Japanese women, 1600–1945 (pp. 217–238). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mori, K. (1993). Shizuko's daughter. New York, NY: Fawcett Juniper.
Mori, K. (1995). The dream of water: A memoir. New York, NY: One World/Fawcett Columbine.
Mori, K. (1997). Polite lies. New York, NY: Fawcett Books.
Morioka, K. (1986). Privitization of family life in Japan. In Stevenson, H., Azuma, H., & Hakuta, K. (Eds.), Child development and education in Japan (pp. 63–74). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
Morley, P. (1999). The mountain is moving: Japanese women's lives. New York: New York University Press.
Mouer, R., & Sugimoto, Y. (1986). Images of Japanese society: A study in the social construction of reality. London, England: Kegan Paul International.
Murase, T. (1986). Naikan therapy. In Lebra, T. S. & Lebra, W. P. (Eds.), Japanese culture and behavior: Selected readings (Revised edition, pp. 388–397). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Murase, T., Dale, P. S., Ogura, T., Yamashita, Y., & Mahieu, A. (2005). Mother-child conversation during joint picture book reading in Japan and the USA. First Language, 25, 197–218.
Nagy, M. (1991). Middle-class working women during the interwar years. In Bernstein, G. L. (Ed.), Recreating Japanese women, 1600–1945 (pp. 199–216). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Nakamura, T. (2003). Regendering batterers: Domestic violence and men's movements. In Roberson, J. E. & Suzuki, N. (Eds.), Men and masculinities in contemporary Japan: Dislocating the salaryman doxa (pp. 162–179). New York, NY: Routledge.
Nakano, M. (1995). Makiko's diary. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
,National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. (2000). The 2nd survey of Japanese family households report. Retrieved from http://www.ipss.go.jp/index-e.html
Coleman, P., (2003). Child related policies in Japan. Retrieved from www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/childPJ2003/childPJ2003.htm
Coleman, P., (2006). Daisankai zenkoku kateidōkō chōsakekka gaiyō [A summary report of the 3rd survey of national households]. Retrieved from http://www.ipss.go.jp/ps-katei/j/NSFJ3/NSFJ2003.pdf
,National Women's Education Center, Japan. (2005). International Comparative Research on “Home Education” 2005 – Survey on Children and Family Life. Retrieved from http://www.nwec.jp/en/publish/page02.html
Nolte, S. H., & Hastings, S. A. (1991). The Meiji state's policy toward women, 1890–1910. In Bernstein, G. L. (Ed.), Recreating Japanese women, 1600–1945 (pp. 151–174). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Oettingen, G. (1995). Cross-cultural perspectives on self-efficacy. In Bandura, A. (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 149–176). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Ogasawara, Y. (1998). Office ladies and salaried men: Power, gender, and work in Japanese companies. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ogawa, N., Retherford, R. D., & Matsukura, R. (2009). Japan's declining fertility and policy responses. In Straughan, P., Jones, G., and Chan, A. (Eds.), Ultra-low fertility in Pacific Asia: Trends, causes and policy dilemmas (pp. 40–72). New York, NY: Routledge.
Ohinata, M. (2001). Support for isolated mothers. Child Research Net: Resources. Retrieved from http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2001/OHINATA.HTM
Okagaki, L., & French, P. A. (1998). Parenting and children's school achievement: A multi-ethnic perspective. American Educational Research Journal, 35(1), 123–144.
,Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Factbook. (2008). Expenditure on education. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/270504555680
Olioff, M., & Aboud, F. E. (1991). Predicting postpartum dysphoria in primiparous mothers: Roles of perceived parenting self-efficacy and self-esteem. Journal of Cognitive Psychotheraphy, 5, 3–14.
,Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2003). Social expenditure – Aggregated data. Retrieved from http://stats.oecd.org/mei
Okano, K., & Tsuchiya, M. (1999). Education in contemporary Japan: Inequality and diversity. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
,Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Website. (2008). PISA 2006 results. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/document/2/0,3343,en_32252351_32236191_39718850_1_1_1_1,00.html#ES
,Official Website of Osaka City. (2008). Heisei 20 nendo gakkō kyōiku shishin [The official public education policy in 2008]. Retrieved October 11, 2008 from http://www.ocec.jp/shidoubu/index.cfm/1,0,34,html
,Osaka prefecture results on national achievement test. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.nier.go.jp/08chousakekka/08todofuken_data/27_osaka/01_shou_27osaka.pdf
Otake, T. (2002, March 28). “Classroom collapse” gripping schools nationwide: Teachers, parents, society all come under fire as experts remain unable to pinpoint cause. The Japan Times. Retrieved from http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20020328b9.html
Ozeki, R. L. (1998). My year of meats. New York, NY: Viking.
Partner, S. (2004). Toshie: A story of village life in twentieth-century Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Patessio, M. (2006). The creation of public spaces by women in the early Meiji period and the Tokyo Fujin Kyōfūkai. International Journal of Asian Studies, 3, 155–182.
Peak, L. (1991). Learning to go to school in Japan: The transition from home to preschool life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Rebick, M. (2006). Changes in the workplace and their impact on the family. In Rebick, M. & Takenaka, A. (Eds.), The changing Japanese family (pp. 75–93). Oxon, England: Routledge.
Rice, Y. N. (2001). The maternal role in Japan: Cultural values and socioeconomic conditions. In Shimizu, H. & LeVine, R. A. (Eds.), Japanese frames of mind: Cultural perspectives on human development (pp. 85–110). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Rohlen, T. P. (1983). Japan's high schools. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Coleman, P., (1996). Building character. In Rohlen, T. P. and LeTendre, G. K. (Eds.), Teaching and learning in Japan (pp. 50–74). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Rohlen, T. P., & LeTendre, G. K. (1996). Introduction: Japanese theories of learning. In Rohlen, T. P. & LeTendre, G. K. (Eds.), Teaching and learning in Japan (pp. 1–15). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Rosenberger, N. (2001). Gambling with virtue: Japanese women and the search for self in a changing nation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Rosenbluth, F. M. (2007). The political economy of low fertility. In Rosenbluth, F. M. (Ed.), The political economy of Japan's low fertility (pp. 3–36). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Rothbaum, F., Pott, M., Azuma, H., Miyake, K., & Weisz, J. (2000). The development of close relationships in Japan and the United States: Paths of symbiotic harmony and generative tension. Child Development, 71(5), 1121–1142.
Sakuraba, R. (2009). The amendment of the Employment Measure Act: Japanese anti-age discrimination law. Japan Labor Review, 6, 56–75.
Sand, J. (2003). House and home in modern Japan: Architecture, domestic space, and bourgeois culture, 1880–1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center.
Sasagawa, A. (2006). Mother-rearing: The social world of mothers in a Japanese suburb. In Rebick, M. & Takenaka, A. (Eds.), The changing Japanese family (pp. 129–146). Oxon, England: Routledge.
Scarborough, H. S., & Dobrich, W. (1994). On the efficacy of reading to preschoolers. Developmental Review, 14, 245–302.
Schooler, C., & Smith, K. C. (1978). “… and a Japanese wife”: Social structural antecedents of women's role values in Japan. Sex Roles, 4, 23–41.
Schoppa, L. J. (2006). Race for the exits: The unraveling of Japan's system of social protection. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Shirahase, S. (2007). Women's economic status and fertility: Japan in cross-national perspective. In Rosenbluth, F. M. (Ed.), The political economy of Japan's low fertility (pp. 3759). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Shoji, J. (2005). Child abuse in Japan: Developmental, cultural, and clinical perspectives. In Shwalb, D. W., Nakazawa, J., & Shwalb, B. J. (Eds.), Applied developmental psychology: Theory, practice, and research from Japan (pp. 261–279). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Shwalb, D. W., Imaizumi, N., & Nakazawa, J. (1987). The modern Japanese father: Roles and problems in a changing society. In Lamb, M. E. (Ed.), The father's role: Cross-cultural comparisons (pp. 247–269). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Shwalb, D. W., Kawai, H., Shoji, J., & Tsunetsugu, K. (1995). The place of advice: Japanese parents' sources of information about childrearing and child health. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 16, 629–644.
Shwalb, D. W., Kawai, H., Shoji, J., (1997). The middle class Japanese father: A survey of parents of preschoolers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 6, 497–511.
Shwalb, D. W., Nakawaza, J., Yamamoto, T., & Hyun, J. (2004). Fathering in Japanese, Chinese, and Korean cultures: A review of the research literature. In Lamb, M. E. (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (4th ed., pp. 146–181). New York, NY: Wiley.
Sievers, S. L. (1981). Feminist criticism in Japanese politics in the 1880s: The experience of Kishida Toshiko. Signs, 6, 602–616.
Silver, E. J., Bauman, L. J., & Ireys, H. T. (1995). Relationships of self-esteem and efficacy to psychological distress in mothers of children with chronic physical illness. Health Psychology, 14, 333–340.
Smith, D., & Sueda, K. (2008). The killing of children by children as a symptom of national crisis: Reactions in Britain and Japan. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 8(1), 5–25.
,“Stabbing suspect aimed to harass relatives.” (2001, June 14). The Japan Times. Retrieved from http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20010614a6.html
Stevenson, D. L., & Baker, D. P. (1987). The family-school relation and the child's school performance. Child Development, 58, 1348–1357.
Stevenson, H., & Stigler, J. (1992). The learning gap: Why our schools are failing and what we can learn from Japanese and Chinese education. New York, NY: Summit Books.
Stroeber, M. H., & Chan, A. M. K. (2001). The road winds uphill all the way: Gender, work, and family in the United States and Japan. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sugawara, M. (2005). Maternal employment and child development in Japan: A twelve-year longitudinal study. In Shwalb, D. W., Nakazawa, J., & Shwalb, B. J. (Eds.), Applied developmental psychology: Theory, practice, and research from Japan (pp. 225–240). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Sugimoto, E. I. (1927). A daughter of the samurai. New York, NY: Doubleday, Page.
Sugimoto, Y. (2003). An introduction to Japanese society (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Suzuki, S. (in press). The effects of marital support, social network support, and parenting stress on parenting self-efficacy among mothers of young children in Japan. Journal of Early Childhood Research.
Suzuki, S., Holloway, S.D., Yamamoto, Y., & Mindnich, J. D. (2009). Parenting self-efficacy and social support in Japan and the United States. Journal of Family Issues, 30, 1505–1526.
Swidler, A. (2001). Talk of love: How culture matters. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Tamanoi, M. A. (1990). Women's voices: Their critique of the anthropology of Japan. Annual Review of Anthropology, 19, 17–37.
Tanaka, Y. & Nakazawa, J. (2005). Job-related temporary father absence (Tanshinfunin) and child development. In Shwalb, D. W., Nakazawa, J., & Shwalb, B. J. (Eds.), Applied developmental psychology: Theory, practice, and research from Japan (pp. 241–260). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Teti, D. M., & Gelfand, D. M. (1991). Behavioral competence among mothers of infants in the first year: The mediational role of maternal self-efficacy. Child Development, 62, 918–929.
Tipton, E. K. (2008). Modern Japan: A social and political history (2nd ed.). London, England: Routledge.
Tobin, J. J., Wu, Y. H., & Davidson, D. H. (1989). Preschool in three cultures: Japan, China, and the United States. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Tobin, J. J., Yeh, H., & Karasawa, M. (2009). Preschool in three cultures revisited. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Tsuneyoshi, R. (2004). The new Japanese educational reforms and the achievement “crisis” debate. Educational Policy, 18, 364–394.
Tsuya, N. O., & Bumpass, L. L. (2004). Gender and housework. In Tsuya, N. O. & Bumpass, L. L. (Eds.), Marriage, work, and family life in comparative perspective: Japan, South Korea, and the United States (pp. 114–133). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Tsuya, N. O., & Bumpass, L. L. (Eds.). (2004). Marriage, work, and family life in comparative perspective: Japan, South Korea, and the United States. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Tsuya, N. O., Mason, K. O., & Bumpass, L. L. (2004). Views of marriage among never-married adults. In Tsuya, N. O. & Bumpass, L. L. (Eds.), Marriage, work, and family life in comparative perspective: Japan, South Korea, and the United States (pp. 39–53). Honolulu: Universiy of Hawaii Press.
Ujiie, T. (1997). How do Japanese women treat children's negativism? Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 18, 467–483.
Uno, K. S. (1991). Women and changes in the household division of labor. In Bernstein, G. L. (Ed.), Recreating Japanese women, 1600–1945 (pp. 17–41). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Uno, K. S. (1993). One day at a time: Work and domestic activities of urban lower-class women in early twentieth-century Japan. In Hunter, J. (Ed.), Japanese women working (pp. 37–68). London, England: Routledge.
Uno, K. S. (1999). Passages to modernity: Motherhood, childhood, and social reform in early twentieth century Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. (2005). Expenditure by Families on Children: 2005. Miscellaneous publication number 1528–2005. Retrieved from http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/CRC/crc2005.pdf.
Vogel, S. H. (1996). Urban middle-class Japanese family life, 1958–1996: A personal and evolving perspective. In Shwalb, B. J. & Shwalb, D. W. (Eds.), Japanese childrearing: Two generations of scholarship (pp. 177–200). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Wagatsuma, H. (1978). Some aspects of the contemporary Japanese family: Once Confucian, now fatherless? In Rossi, A. S., Kagan, J., & Hareven, T. K. (Eds.), The Family (pp. 181–210). New York, NY: W. W. Norton, Inc.
Weisner, T. S. (2002). Ecocultural understanding of children's developmental pathways. Human Development, 174, 275–281.
White, M. I. (1995). The marketing of adolescence in Japan: Buying and dreaming. In. Skov, L. & Moeran, B. (Eds.), Women, media, and consumption in Japan (pp. 255–273). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
White, M. I. (2001). Children and families: Reflections on the “crisis” in Japanese childrearing today. In Shimizu, H. & LeVine, R. A. (Eds.), Japanese frames of mind: Cultural perspectives on human development (pp. 257–266). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
White, M. I. (2002). Perfectly Japanese: Making families in an era of upheaval. Berkeley: University of California Press.
White, M. I. (2005). The marketing of adolescence in Japan: Buying and dreaming. In Skov, L. & Moeran, B. (Eds.), Women, media and consumption in Japan (pp. 255–27). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
White, M. I., & LeVine, R. (1986). What is an “ii ko” (good child)? In Stevenson, H., Azuma, H., & Hakuta, K. (Eds.), Child development and education in Japan (pp. 55–62). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
Whiting, B. B., & Edwards, C. P. (1988). Children of different worlds: The formation of social behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Whiting, B. B., & Whiting, J. W. M. (1975). Children of six cultures: A psycho-cultural analysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Williams, T. M., Joy, L. A., Travis, L., Gotowier, A., Blum-Steele, M., Aiken, L. S., et al. (1987). Transition to motherhood: A longitudinal study. Infant Mental Health Journal, 8, 251–265.
,World Salaries Group. (2007). Total personal average income – international comparison. Retrieved from http://www.worldsalaries.org/total-personal-income.shtml
Yamamoto, Y. (2001). The duality of socialization and education: The impact of formal schooling on childrearing in Japan. Harvard Asia Quarterly, 5, 24–31.
Yamamoto, Y. (2006). Unequal beginnings: Socioeconomic differences in Japanese mothers' support of their children's early schooling. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) University of California, Berkeley.
Yamamoto, Y., & Brinton, M., (2009). Cultural capital in East Asian educational systems: The case of Japan. Sociology of Education, 83(1), 67–83.
Yamamoto, Y., Holloway, S. D., & Suzuki, S. (2006). Maternal involvement in preschool children's education in Japan: Relation to parenting beliefs and socioeconomic status. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 21, 332–346.
Yamamoto, Y., Holloway, S. D., (2009). The dilemma of support: Parenting and mother-networks in Japan. Article posted online. http://www.childresearch.net/RESOURCE/RESEARCH/2009/YAMAMOTO_HOLLOWAY_SUZUKI.HTM
Yamamura, Y. (1986). The child in Japanese society. In Stevenson, H., Azuma, H., & Hakuta, K. (Eds.), Child development and education in Japan (pp. 28–38). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
Yoder, R. S. (2004). Youth deviance in Japan: Class reproduction of non-conformity. Melbourne, Australia: Trans Pacific Press.
Yoneyama, S. (2000). Student discourse on tokokyohi (school phobia/refusal) in Japan: Burnout or empowerment?British Journal of Sociology of Education, 21, 77–94.
Yoshizumi, K. (1995). Marriage and family: Past and present. In Fujimura-Fanselow, K. & Kameda, A. (Eds.), Japanese women: New feminist perspectives on the past, present, and future (pp. 183–197). New York, NY: Feminist Press of the City University of New York.
Yu, W. (2001). Family demands, gender attitudes, and married women's labor force participation: Comparing Japan and Taiwan. In Brinton, M. C. (Ed.), Women's working lives in East Asia (pp. 70–95). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.