Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-8zxtt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T11:47:30.283Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Europe and the Anglo-Saxons

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2021

Francesca Tinti
Affiliation:
Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science

Summary

This publication explores the interactions between the inhabitants of early medieval England and their contemporaries in continental Europe. Starting with a brief excursus on previous treatments of the topic, the discussion then focuses on Anglo-Saxon geographical perceptions and representations of Europe and of Britain's place in it, before moving on to explore relations with Rome, dynasties and diplomacy, religious missions and monasticism, travel, trade and warfare. This Element demonstrates that the Anglo-Saxons' relations with the continent had a major impact on the shaping of their political, economic, religious and cultural life.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108942898
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 26 August 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Bibliography

Primary Sources

Allott, Stephen (1974). Alcuin of York, c. A.D. 732 to 804: His Life and Letters. York: William Sessions.Google Scholar
Arndt, W., ed. (1887). Vita Alcuini. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores 15.1. Hanover: Hahn, 182–97.Google Scholar
Behrends, Frederick, ed. (1976). The Letters and Poems of Fulbert of Chartres. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bethmann, L. and Waitz, G., eds. (1878). Pauli Historia Langobardorum. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores rerum Langobardicarum et Italicarum 1. Hanover: Hahn, 12187.Google Scholar
Brühl, Carlrichard and Violante, Cinzio, eds. (1983). Die ‘Honorantie civitatis Papie’. Transkription, Edition, Kommentar. Cologne: Böhlau Verlag.Google Scholar
Colgrave, Beltram, ed. and trans. (1927). The Life of Bishop Wilfrid by Eddius Stephanus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Colgrave, Bertram, and Mynors, R. A. B., eds. and trans. (1969). Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Darlington, R. R. and McGurk, P., eds. (1995). The Chronicle of John of Worcester, II: The Annals from 450 to 1066. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Davis, Raymond, trans. (1995). The Lives of the Ninth-Century Popes (Liber Pontificalis). Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duchesne, Louis, ed. (1955–7). Le ‘Liber Pontificalis’: texte, introduction et commentaire. 3 vols. 2nd ed. Paris: Boccard,Google Scholar
Dümmler, Ernst, ed. (1895). Alcuini sive Albini epistolae. In Epistolae Karolini aevi, II, ed. Dümmler, Ernst. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Epistolae. Berlin: Weidmann,1481.Google Scholar
Dümmler, Ernst (1895). Epistolae variorum Carolo Magno regnante scriptae. In Epistolae Karolini aevi, II, ed. Ernst, Dümmler. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Epistolae. Berlin: Weidmann, 494567.Google Scholar
Emerton, Ephraim, trans. (2000). The Letters of Saint Boniface. New York, NY: Columbia University Press (new ed. with an introduction by Noble, Thomas F. X. ).Google Scholar
Foulke, William Dudley, trans. (1974). Paul the Deacon: History of the Lombards, ed. Peters, Edward. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Godden, Malcolm R., ed. and trans. (2016). The Old English History of the World: An Anglo-Saxon Rewriting of Orosius. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Grocock, Christopher and Wood, I. N., eds. and trans. (2013). Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow: Bede’s Homily i. 13 on Benedict Biscop; Bede’s History of the Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow; The Anonymous Life of Ceolfrith; Bede’s Letter to Ecgbert, Bishop of York. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gundlach, W., ed. (1892). Columbae sive Columbani epistolae. In Epistolae Merowingici et Karolini aevi, I, ed. Dümmler, Ernst. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Epistolae. Berlin: Weidmann, 154–90.Google Scholar
Hirsch, Paul and Lohmann, H. E., eds. (1935). Die Sachsengeschichte des Widukind von Korvei. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores rerum Germanicarum 60. Hanover: Hahn.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, Hartmut, ed. (1980). Die Chronik von Montecassino. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores 34. Hanover: Hahn.Google Scholar
Holder-Egger, O., ed. (1887). Vita Willibaldi episcopi Eichstetensis. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores 15.1. Hanover: Hahn.Google Scholar
Kelly, S. E., ed. (1998). Charters of Selsey. In Anglo-Saxon Charters VI. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lapidge, Michael, ed. and trans. (2009). Byrhtferth of Ramsey: The Lives of St Oswald and St Ecgwine. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Lapidge, Michael and Winterbottom, Michael, eds. and trans. (1991). Wulfstan of Winchester: The Life of St Æthelwold. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Levison, Wilhelm, ed. (1905). Vita Bonifatii auctore Willibaldo. In Vitae sancti Bonifatii archiepiscopi Moguntini, ed. Levison, Wilhelm. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores rerum Germanicarum 57. Hanover: Hahn, 157.Google Scholar
Liebermann, Felix, ed. (1903–16). Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen. 3 vols. Halle: Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Lopez, Robert S. and Raymond, Irving W., trans. (2001). Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents. New York, NY: Columbia University Press (first published in 1955).Google Scholar
Love, Rosalind C., ed. and trans. (1996). Three Eleventh-Century Anglo-Latin Saints’ Lives: Vita S. Birini, Vita et miracula S. Kenelmi, and Vita S. Rumwoldi. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Mommsen, Theodor E. and Morrison, Karl F., trans. (2000). Imperial Lives and Letters of the Eleventh Century, ed. Benson, Robert L.. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Robertson, A. J., ed. and trans. (1925). The Laws of the Kings of England from Edmund to Henry I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Symons, Thomas, ed. and trans. (1953). Regularis concordia Anglicae nationis monachorum sanctimonialiumque. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons.Google Scholar
Talbot, C. H., trans. (1995). Huneberc of Heidenheim: The Hodoeporicon of Saint Willibald. In Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints’ Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, ed. Thomas F. X. Noble and Thomas Head. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 141–64.Google Scholar
Talbot, C. H., trans. (1995). Willibald: The Life of Saint Boniface. In Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints’ Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, ed. Thomas F. X. Noble and Thomas Head. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 107–40.Google Scholar
Tangl, Michael, ed. (1916). Die Briefe des heiligen Bonifatius und Lullus. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Epistolae Selectae 1. Berlin: Weidemann.Google Scholar
Wallis, Faith, trans. (1999). Bede: The Reckoning of Time. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.Google Scholar
Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. (1979). English Historical Documents, I: c. 500–1042. 2nd ed. London: Eyre Methuen.Google Scholar
Winterbottom, M. and Thomson, R. M., eds. and trans. (2002). William of Malmesbury: Saints’ Lives. Lives of SS. Wulfstan, Dunstan, Patrick, Benignus and Indract. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Aaij, Michael and Godlove, Shannon, eds.(2020). A Companion to Boniface. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Abrams, Lesley (2000). ‘Conversion and Assimilation’. In Hadley, Dawn M. and Richards, Julian D., eds., Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Turnhout: Brepols, 135–53.Google Scholar
Abrams, Lesley (2001). ‘Edward the Elder’s Danelaw’. In Higham, N. J. and Hill, D. H., eds., Edward the Elder 899–924. London: Routledge, 128–43.Google Scholar
Abrams, Lesley (2012). ‘Diaspora and Identity in the Viking Age’. Early Medieval Europe 20: 1738.Google Scholar
Abrams, Lesley (2016). ‘Connections and Exchange in the Viking World’. In Androshchuk, Fedir, Shepard, Jonathan and White, Monica, eds., Byzantium and the Viking World. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 3752.Google Scholar
Abrams, Lesley and Parsons., David N. (2004). ‘Place-Names and the History of Scandinavian Settlement in England’. In Hines, John, Lane, Alan and Redknap, Mark, eds., Land, Sea and Home: Proceedings of a Conference on Viking-period Settlement, at Cardiff, July 2001. Leeds: Maney, 379431.Google Scholar
Abulafia, David (2015). ‘Britain: Apart from or a Part of Europe?’ History Today, 11 May. www.historytoday.com/britain-apart-or-part-europe.Google Scholar
Allport, Ben. (2020). ‘Home Thoughts of Abroad: Ohthere’s Voyage in Its Anglo-Saxon Context’. Early Medieval Europe 28: 256–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appleton, Helen (2018). ‘The Northern World of the Anglo-Saxon mappa mundi’. Anglo-Saxon England 47: 275305.Google Scholar
Ashe, Laura (2020). ‘Preface’. In Ashe, Laura and Ward, Emily Joan, eds., Conquests in Eleventh-Century England: 1016, 1066. Woodbridge: Boydell, viiviii.Google Scholar
Barrow, Julia (2008). ‘Ideas and Applications of Reform’. In Noble, Thomas F. X. and Smith, Julia M. H., eds., The Cambridge History of Christianity, III, Early Medieval Christianities, c.600–c.1100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 345–62.Google Scholar
Bately, Janet M. (2015). ‘The Old English Orosius’. In Discenza, Nicole Guenther and Szarmach, Paul E., eds., A Companion to Alfred the Great. Leiden: Brill, 113–42.Google Scholar
Benham, Jenny (2020). ‘The Earliest Arbitration Treaty? A Reassessment of the Anglo-Norman Treaty of 991’. Historical Research 93: 189204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolton, Timothy. (2009). The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Brett, Caroline (1991). ‘A Breton Pilgrim in England in the Reign of King Æthelstan’. In Jondorf, Gillian and Dumville, D. N., eds., France and the British Isles in the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Essays by Members of Girton College, Cambridge in Memory of Ruth Morgan. Woodbridge: Boydell, 4370.Google Scholar
Brookes, Stuart (2007). Economics and Social Change in Anglo-Saxon Kent AD 400–900: Landscapes, Communities and Exchange. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Brooks, Nicholas (2002). ‘Canterbury and Rome: The Limits and Myth of Romanitas’. Settimane del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo 49: 797829.Google Scholar
Bruce, Scott G. (2015). Cluny and the Muslims of La Garde-Freinet. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, James, ed. (1982). The Anglo-Saxons. Oxford: Phaidon.Google Scholar
Corning, Caitlin (2006). The Celtic and Roman Traditions: Conflict and Consensus in the Early Medieval Church. New York: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coupland, Simon (2001). ‘The Coinage of Lothar I (840–855)’. Numismatic Chronicle 161: 157–98.Google Scholar
Coupland, Simon (2002). ‘Trading Places: Quentovic and Dorestad Reassessed’. Early Medieval Europe 11: 209–32.Google Scholar
Cross, Katherine (2018). Heirs of the Vikings: History and Identity in Normandy and England, c.950–c.1015. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press.Google Scholar
Cubitt, Catherine (1995). Anglo-Saxon Church Councils c.650–c.850. London: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Cubitt, Catherine and Costambeys, Marios (2004). ‘Oda’. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press: www.oxforddnb.com/.Google Scholar
Dachowsky, Elizabeth (2008). First Among Abbots: The Career of Abbo of Fleury. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press.Google Scholar
Dailey, E. T. (2015). ‘To Choose One Easter from Three: Oswiu’s Decision and the Northumbrian Synod of AD 664’, Peritia 26: 4764.Google Scholar
Delogu, Paolo (1988). ‘The Rebirth of Rome in the 8th and 9th Centuries’. In Hodges, Richard and Hobley, Brian, eds., The Rebirth of Towns in the West, AD 700–1050, CBA Research Report 68. London: Council for British Archaeology: 3242.Google Scholar
Discenza, Nicole Guenther (2017). Inhabited Spaces: Anglo-Saxon Constructions of Place. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Downham, Clare (2017). ‘The Earliest Viking Activity in England?The English Historical Review 132: 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foot, Sarah (2006). Monastic Life in Anglo-Saxon England, c. 600–900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Foot, Sarah (2011). Æthelstan: The First King of England. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Foxhall Forbes, Helen (2019). ‘Writing on the Wall: Anglo-Saxons at Monte Sant’Angelo sul Gargano (Puglia) and the Spiritual Significance of Graffiti’. Journal of Late Antiquity 12: 169210.Google Scholar
Fruscione, Daniela (2010). ‘Liebermann’s Intellectual Milieu’. In Jurasinski, Stefan, Oliver, Lisi and Rabin, Andrew, eds., English Law Before Magna Carta: Felix Liebermann and Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen. Leiden: Brill, 1526.Google Scholar
Gallagher, Robert (2017). ‘Latin Acrostic Poetry in Anglo-Saxon England: Reassessing the Contribution of John the Old Saxon’. Medium Ævum 86: 249–74.Google Scholar
Gameson, Richard (1999). ‘Augustine of Canterbury: Context and Achievement’. In Gameson, Richard, ed., St Augustine and the Conversion of England. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 140.Google Scholar
Garrison, Mary (1997). ‘The English and the Irish at the Court of Charlemagne’. In Butzer, P. L., Kerner, M. and Oberschelp, W., eds., Karl der Grosse und sein Nachwirken: 1200 Jahre Kultur und Wissenschaft in Europa, I: Wissen und Weltbild. Turnhout: Brepols, 97123.Google Scholar
Geary, Patrick J. (1983). ‘Ethnic Identity as a Situational Construct in the Early Middle Ages’. Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 113: 1536.Google Scholar
Gelting, Michael H. (2007). ‘The Kingdom of Denmark’. In Berend, Nora, ed., Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus’ c. 900–1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 73120.Google Scholar
Gem, Richard (2013). ‘Gabatae Saxiscae: Saxon Bowls in the Churches of Rome in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries’. In Reynolds, Andrew and Webster, Leslie, eds., Early Medieval Art and Archaeology in the Northern World: Studies in Honour of James Graham-Campbell. Leiden: Brill, 87110.Google Scholar
Gerchow, Jan. ‘Prayers for King Cnut: The Liturgical Commemoration of a Conqueror’. In Hicks, Carola, ed., England in the Eleventh Century: Proceedings of the 1990 Harlaxton Symposium. Stamford: Paul Watkins, 219–38.Google Scholar
Goodson, Caroline (2010). The Rome of Pope Paschal I: Papal Power, Urban Renovation, Church Rebuilding and Relic Translation, 817–824. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gretsch, Mechthild (1999). The Intellectual Foundations of the English Benedictine Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gretsch, Mechthild (2003). ‘Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 57: A Witness to the Early Stages of the Benedictine Reform in England?Anglo-Saxon England 32: 111–46.Google Scholar
Hadley, D. M. (2006). The Vikings in England: Settlement, Society and Culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Halsall, Guy (2013). Worlds of Arthur: Facts & Fiction of the Dark Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hendrix, Julian (2010). ‘The Confraternity Books of St Gall and Their Early Liturgical Context’. Revue bénédictine 120: 295320.Google Scholar
Higham, N. J. (1997). The Convert Kings: Power and Religious Affiliation in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
van Houts, Elisabeth (2011). ‘Intermarriage in Eleventh-Century England’. In Crouch, David and Thompson, Kathleen, eds., Normandy and Its Neighbours, 900–1250: Essays for David Bates. Turnhout: Brepols, 237–70.Google Scholar
van Houts, Elisabeth (2020). ‘Cnut and William: A Comparison’. In Ashe, Laura and Ward, Emily Joan, eds., Conquests in Eleventh-Century England: 1016, 1066. Woodbridge: Boydell, 6584.Google Scholar
Howe, Nicholas (2008). Writing the Map of Anglo-Saxon England: Essays in Cultural Geography. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hunter Blair, Peter (1971). ‘The Letters of Pope Boniface V and the Mission of Paulinus to Northumbria’. In Clemoes, Peter and Hughes, Kathleen, eds., England Before the Conquest: Studies in Primary Sources Presented to Dorothy Whitelock. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 513.Google Scholar
Innes, Matthew (2000). ‘Danelaw Identities: Ethnicity, Regionalism and Political Allegiances’. In Hadley, Dawn M. and Richards, Julian D., eds., Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Turnhout: Brepols, 6588.Google Scholar
Insley, Charles (2020). ‘Why 1016 Matters; or, the Politics of Memory and Identity in Cnut’s Kingdom’. In Ashe, Laura and Ward, Emily Joan, eds., Conquests in Eleventh-Century England: 1016, 1066. Woodbridge: Boydell, 322.Google Scholar
Isaïa, Marie-Céline (2008). ‘L’empire carolingien, prefiguration de l’Europe: du projet historiographique au programme politique’. Lyons: CHM. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00392828.Google Scholar
James, Edward (2001). Britain in the First Millennium. London: Arnold.Google Scholar
Jones, Christopher A. (1998). ‘The Book of the Liturgy in Anglo-Saxon England’. Speculum 73: 659702.Google Scholar
Jones, Christopher A. (2009). ‘Ælfric and the Limits of “Benedictine Reform”’. In Magennis, Hugh and Swan, Mary, eds., A Companion to Ælfric. Leiden: Brill, 67108.Google Scholar
Jones, Christopher A. (2018). ‘An Edition of the Four Sermons Attributed to Candidus Witto’. Anglo-Saxon England 47: 767.Google Scholar
Jones, Christopher A. (2020) ‘Minsters and Monasticism in Anglo-Saxon England’. In Beach, Alison I. and Cochelin, Isabelle, eds., The Cambridge History of Medieval Monasticism in the Latin West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 502–18.Google Scholar
Kaiser, R. (1995). ‘Quêtes itinérantes avec des reliques pour financer la construction des églises (XI-XIIe siècles)’. Le Moyen Âge 10, 205–25.Google Scholar
Karkov, Catherine E. (2004). The Ruler Portraits of Anglo-Saxon England. Woodbridge: Boydell.Google Scholar
Keynes, Simon (1985). ‘King Athelstan’s Books’. In Lapidge, Michael and Gneuss, Helmut, eds., Learning and Literature in Anglo-Saxon England: Studies Presented to Peter Clemoes on the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 143201.Google Scholar
Keynes, Simon (1997). ‘Anglo-Saxon Entries in the “Liber Vitae” of Brescia’. In Roberts, Jane and Nelson, Janet L. with Godden, Malcolm, eds., Alfred the Wise. Studies in Honour of Janet Bately on the Occasion of Her Sixty-Fifth Birthday. Woodbridge: Boydell: 1997, 99119.Google Scholar
Keynes, Simon (2000). ‘England, c.900–1016’. In Reuter, Timothy, ed., The New Cambridge Medieval History, III, c.900–c.1024. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 456–84.Google Scholar
Keynes, Simon (2007). ‘The Massacre of St Brice’s Day (13 November 1002)’. In Lund, Niels, ed., Beretning fra seksogtyvende tværfaglige vikingesymposium. Højbjerg: Hikuin, 3266.Google Scholar
Keynes, Simon (2014). ‘Swein Forkbeard’. In Lapidge, Michael, Blair, John, Keynes, Simon and Scragg, Donald, eds., The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Wiley, 452–3.Google Scholar
Keynes, Simon (2021). ‘The Canterbury Letter-Book’. In Breay, Claire and Story, Joanna, eds., Manuscripts in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Cultures and Connections. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 119–40.Google Scholar
Körntgen, Ludger, and Waßenhoven, Dominik, eds. (2011). Patterns of Episcopal Power: Bishops in Tenth and Eleventh Century Western Europe. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Körntgen, Ludger, and Waßenhoven, Dominik, eds. (2013). Religion and Politics in the Middle Ages: England and Germany by Comparison. Berlin: de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Lapidge, Michael (1981). ‘Some Latin Poems as Evidence for the Reign of Athelstan’. Anglo-Saxon England 9: 6198. Reprinted in Michael Lapidge (1988). Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1600. London: The Hambledon Press: no. 2.Google Scholar
Lapidge, Michael, ed. (1995). Archbishop Theodore: Commemorative Studies on His Life and Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lapidge, Michael (2014). ‘Dunstan’. In Lapidge, Michael, Blair, John, Keynes, Simon and Scragg, Donald, eds., The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Wiley: 150–1.Google Scholar
Lawson, M. K. (1993). Cnut: The Danes in England in the Early Eleventh Century. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Lebecq, Stéphane (1999). ‘England and the Continent in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries: The Question of Logistics’. In Gameson, Richard, ed., St Augustine and the Conversion of England. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 5067.Google Scholar
Lebecq, Stéphane (2005). ‘The Northern Seas (Fifth to Eighth Century)’. In Fouracre, Paul, ed., The New Cambridge Medieval History, I, c.500–c.700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 639–59.Google Scholar
Lebecq, Stéphane and Gautier, Alban (2010). ‘Routeways between England and the Continent in the Tenth Century’. In Rollason, David, Leyser, Conrad and Williams, Hannah, eds., England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947). Turnhout: Brepols, 1734.Google Scholar
Leneghan, Francis (2005). ‘Translatio imperii: The Old English Orosius and the Rise of Wessex’. Anglia 133: 656705.Google Scholar
Levison, Wilhelm (1946). England and the Continent in the Eighth Century: The Ford Lectures delivered in the University of Oxford in the Hilary Term 1943. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Leyser, Conrad (2010). ‘Introduction: England and the Continent’. In Rollason, David, Leyser, Conrad and Williams, Hannah, eds., England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947). Turnhout: Brepols, 113.Google Scholar
Leyser, Karl (1994). ‘The Ottonians and Wessex’. In Leyser, Karl, Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries, ed. Reuter, Timothy. London: Hambledon, 73104 (first published in German in 1983 in Frühmittelalterliche Studien).Google Scholar
Lund, Niels (2020) ‘Why Did Cnut Conquer England?’ In Ashe, Laura and Ward, Emily Joan, eds., Conquests in Eleventh-Century England: 1016, 1066. Woodbridge: Boydell, 2340.Google Scholar
MacLean, Simon (2017). Ottonian Queenship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Majocchi, Piero (2008). Pavia città regia. Rome: Viella.Google Scholar
Markus, R. A. (1997). Gregory the Great and His World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Matthews, Stephen (2007). The Road to Rome: Travel and Travellers between England and Italy in the Anglo-Saxon Centuries. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
McKitterick, Rosamond (1989). ‘Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany: Reflections on the Manuscript Evidence’. Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 9: 291329.Google Scholar
McKitterick, Rosamond (1995). ‘England and the Continent’. In McKitterick, Rosamond, ed., The New Cambridge Medieval History, II, c.700–c.900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 6684.Google Scholar
McKitterick, Rosamond (2004). History and Memory in the Carolingian World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McKitterick, Rosamond (2008). Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKitterick, Rosamond (2020). Rome and the Invention of the Papacy: The Liber Pontificalis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrills, A. H. (2005). History and Geography in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middleton, Neil (2005). ‘Early Medieval Port Customs, Tolls and Control on Foreign Trade’. Early Medieval Europe 13: 313–58.Google Scholar
Miller, Maureen C. (2014). Clothing the Clergy: Virtue and Power in Medieval Europe, c. 800–1200. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mostert, Marco (2010). ‘Relations between Fleury and England’. In Rollason, David, Leyser, Conrad and Williams, Hannah, eds., England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947). Turnhout: Brepols, 185208.Google Scholar
Naismith, Rory (2014). ‘Peter’s Pence and Before: Numismatic Links between Anglo-Saxon England and Rome’. In Tinti, Francesca, ed., England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art and Politics. Turnhout: Brepols, 217–53.Google Scholar
Naismith, Rory (2019). Citadel of the Saxons: The Rise of Early London. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Naismith, Rory (2019). ‘The Laws of London? IV Æthelred in Context’. The London Journal 44: 116.Google Scholar
Naismith, Rory (2020). ‘Currency and Conquest in Eleventh-Century England’. In Ashe, Laura and Ward, Emily Joan, eds., Conquests in Eleventh-Century England: 1016, 1066. Woodbridge: Boydell: 8598.Google Scholar
(2021). Early Medieval Britain c.500–1000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Naismith, Rory, and Tinti, Francesca (2016). The Forum Hoard of Anglo-Saxon Coins. Bollettino di Numismatica 55–6. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. Available online at www.numismaticadellostato.it/web/pns/bollettino.Google Scholar
Naismith, Rory, and Tinti, Francesca (2019). ‘The Origins of Peter’s Pence’. The English Historical Review 134: 521–52.Google Scholar
Nelson, Janet L. (1986). ‘“A King Across the Sea”: Alfred in Continental Perspective’. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 36: 4568.Google Scholar
Nelson, Janet L. (1992). Charles the Bald. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Nelson, Janet L. (1994). ‘England and the Continent in the Anglo-Saxon Period’. In Saul, Nigel, ed., England in Europe, 1066–1453. London: Collins and Brown: 2135.Google Scholar
Nelson, Janet L. (1999). Rulers and Ruling Families in Early Medieval Europe: Alfred, Charles the Bald, and Others. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Nelson, Janet L. (2002). ‘England and the Continent in the Ninth Century, I: Ends and Beginnings’. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 12: 121.Google Scholar
Nelson, Janet L. (2015). ‘Charlemagne and Europe’. Journal of the British Academy 2: 125–52.Google Scholar
Nelson, Janet L. (2019). King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Netzer, Nancy (1994). Cultural Interplay in the Eighth Century: The Trier Gospels and the Making of a Scriptorium at Echternach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nightingale, John (1996). ‘Oswald, Fleury and Continental Reform’. In Brooks, Nicholas and Cubitt, Catherine, eds., St Oswald of Worcester: Life and Influence. London: Leicester University Press: 2345.Google Scholar
Niles, John D. (2015). The Idea of Anglo-Saxon England 1066–1901: Remembering, Forgetting, Deciphering, and Renewing the Past. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
Noble, Thomas F. X. (2014). ‘The Rise and Fall of the Archbishopric of Lichfield in English, Papal, and European Perspective’. In Tinti, Francesca, ed., England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art and Politics. Turnhout: Brepols, 291305.Google Scholar
Ó Carragáin, Éamonn and Thacker, Alan (2013). ‘Wilfrid in Rome’. In Higham, N. J., ed., Wilfrid: Abbot, Bishop, Saint. Papers from the 1300th Anniversary Conference. Donnington: Shaun Tyas, 212–30.Google Scholar
Ortenberg, Veronica (1990). ‘Archbishop Sigeric’s Journey to Rome in 990’. Anglo-Saxon England 19: 197246.Google Scholar
Ortenberg, Veronica (1992). The English Church and the Continent in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries: Cultural, Spiritual, and Artistic Exchanges. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ortenberg, Veronica (2010). ‘“The King from Overseas”: Why Did Æthelstan Matter in Tenth-Century Continental Affairs?’ In Rollason, David, Leyser, Conrad and Williams, Hannah, eds., England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947). Turnhout: Brepols, 211–36.Google Scholar
Oschema, K. (2012). ‘Medieval Europe – Object and Ideology’. In Pinheiro, Teresa, Cieszynska, Beata and Franco, José Eduardo, eds., Ideas of / for Europe. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 5973.Google Scholar
Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (2004). Dress in Anglo-Saxon England. 2nd ed. Woodbridge: Boydell.Google Scholar
Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (2005). ‘Pomp, Piety, and Keeping the Woman in her Place: The Dress of Cnut and Ælfgifu-Emma’. Medieval Clothing and Textiles 1: 4152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, James T. (2009). Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish World 690–900. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Pennington, Kenneth (1984). Popes and Bishops: The Papal Monarchy in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Pelteret, David A. E. (1995). Slavery in Early Medieval England: From the Reign of Alfred until the Twelfth Century. Woodbridge: Boydell.Google Scholar
Pelteret, David A. E. (2011). ‘Travel between England and Italy in the Early Middle Ages’. In Sauer, Hans and Story, Joanna with Waxenberger, Gaby, eds., Anglo-Saxon England and the Continent. Tempe, AZ: ACMRS, 245–74.Google Scholar
(2014). ‘Not All Roads Lead to Rome’. In Tinti, Francesca, ed., England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art and Politics. Turnhout: Brepols, 1741.Google Scholar
Pohl, Walter (1997). ‘Ethnic Names and Identities in the British Isles: A Comparative Perspective’. In Hines, John, ed., The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective. Woodbridge: Boydell, 725.Google Scholar
Raaijmakers, Janneke (2012). The Making of the Monastic Community of Fulda, c.774–c.900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rabin, Andrew (2010). ‘Felix Liebermann and Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen’. In Jurasinski, Stefan, Oliver, Lisi and Rabin, Andrew, eds., English Law Before Magna Charta: Felix Liebermann and Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen. Leiden: Brill, 18.Google Scholar
Rambaran-Olm, Mary (2019). ‘Misnaming the Medieval: Rejecting “Anglo-Saxon” Studies’. History Workshop. www.historyworkshop.org.uk/misnaming-the-medieval-rejecting-anglo-saxon-studies/.Google Scholar
Reuter, Timothy (1998). ‘The Making of England and Germany, 850–1050: Points of Comparison and Difference’. In Smyth, Alfred P., ed., Medieval Europeans: Studies in Ethnic Identity and National Perspectives in Medieval Europe. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 5370.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Susan (1985). ‘What Do We Mean by “Anglo-Saxon” and “Anglo-Saxons”?Journal of British Studies 24: 395414.Google Scholar
Richards, Julian D. and Haldenby, Dave (2018). ‘The Scale and Impact of Viking Settlement in Northumbria’. Medieval Archaeology 62: 322–50.Google Scholar
Ryan, Martin J. (2011). ‘Place-Names, Languages and the Anglo-Saxon Landscape: An Introduction’. In Higham, Nicholas J. and Ryan, Martin J., eds., Place-Names, Languages and the Anglo-Saxon Landscape. Woodbridge: Boydell, 121.Google Scholar
Santangeli Valenzani, Riccardo (2014). ‘Hosting Foreigners in Early Medieval Rome: From xenodochia to scholae peregrinorum’. In Tinti, Francesca, ed., England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art and Politics. Turnhout: Brepols, 6988.Google Scholar
Sawyer, Peter (1968). Anglo-Saxon Charters: An Annotated List and Bibliography. London: Royal Historical Society. Available in updated electronic format at https://esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk/about/index.html.Google Scholar
Scharer, Anton (1996). ‘The Writing of History at King Alfred’s Court’. Early Medieval Europe 5: 177206.Google Scholar
Schieffer, Rudolf (2000). ‘Charlemagne and Rome’. In Julia Smith, M. H. (ed.), Early Medieval Rome and the Christian West: Essays in Honour of Donald A. Bullough. Leiden: Brill, 279–95.Google Scholar
Schieffer, Rudolf (2020). ‘Boniface: His Life and Work’. In Aaij, Michael and Godlove, Shannon, eds., A Companion to Boniface. Leiden: Brill, 926.Google Scholar
Schieffer, Theodor (1954). Winfrid-Bonifatius und die Christliche Grundlegung Europas. Freiburg: Herder.Google Scholar
Schneidmüller, Bernd (1997). ‘Die mittelalterlichen Konstruktionen Europas. Konvergenz und Differenzierung’. In Duchhardt, Heinz and Kunz, Andreas, eds., ‘Europäische Geschichte’ als historiographisches Problem. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 524.Google Scholar
Schoenig, Steven A. (2016). Bonds of Wool: The Pallium and Papal Power in the Middle Ages. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press.Google Scholar
Smart, Veronica (1986). ‘Scandinavians, Celts and Germans in Anglo-Saxon England: The Evidence of Moneyers’ Names’. In Blackburn, Mark A. S., ed., Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 171–84.Google Scholar
Stafford, Pauline (1981). ‘Charles the Bald, Judith and England’. In Gibson, Margaret and Nelson, Janet L. with Ganz, David, eds., Charles the Bald: Court and Kingdom. Papers Based on a Colloquium Held in London in April 1979. Oxford: BAR, 137–51.Google Scholar
Stafford, Pauline (1983). Queens, Concubines and Dowagers: The King’s Wife in the Early Middle Ages. London: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Stafford, Pauline (1997). Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women’s Power in Eleventh-Century England. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Stancliffe, Clare (1999). ‘The British Church and the Mission of Augustine’. In Gameson, Richard, ed., St Augustine and the Conversion of England. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 107–51.Google Scholar
Stancliffe, Clare (2003). Bede, Wilfrid, and the Irish. Jarrow Lecture. Jarrow: St Paul’s Church.Google Scholar
Story, Joanna (2003). Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, c. 750–870. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Story, Joanna (2005). ‘Charlemagne and the Anglo-Saxons’. In Story, Joanna, ed., Charlemagne: Empire and Society. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 195210.Google Scholar
Story, Joanna (2012). ‘Bede, Willibrord and the Letters of Pope Honorius I on the Genesis of the Archbishopric of York’. The English Historical Review 127: 783818.Google Scholar
Thacker, Alan (1983). ‘Bede’s Ideal of Reform’. In Wormald, Patrick with Bullough, Donald and Collins, Roger, eds., Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society: Studies Presented to J. M. Wallace-Hadrill. Oxford: Blackwell, 130–53.Google Scholar
(2008). ‘Gallic or Greek? Archbishops in England from Theodore to Ecgberht’. In Fouracre, Paul and Ganz, David, eds., Frankland: The Franks and the World of the Early Middle Ages. Essays in Honour of Dame Jinty Nelson. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 4469.Google Scholar
Thomas, Rebecca (2020). ‘Three Welsh Kings and Rome: Royal Pilgrimage, Overlordship, and Anglo-Welsh Relations in the Early Middle Ages’. Early Medieval Europe 28: 560–91.Google Scholar
Tinti, Francesca (2010). Sustaining Belief: The Church of Worcester from c.870 to c.1100. Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Tinti, Francesca (2014). ‘The Archiepiscopal Pallium in Late Anglo-Saxon England’. In Tinti, Francesca, ed., England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art and Politics. Turnhout: Brepols, 307–42.Google Scholar
Tinti, Francesca (2015). ‘Benedictine Reform and Pastoral Care in Late Anglo-Saxon England’. Early Medieval Europe 23: 229–51.Google Scholar
Tinti, Francesca (2019). ‘The Pallium Privilege of Pope Nicholas II for Archbishop Ealdred of York’. The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 70: 708–30.Google Scholar
Tinti, Francesca (2020). ‘The English Presence in Rome in the Later Anglo-Saxon Period: Change or Continuity?’ In DeGregorio, Scott and Kershaw, Paul, eds., Cities, Saints, and Communities in Early Medieval Europe: Essays in Honour of Alan Thacker. Turnhout: Brepols, 345–71.Google Scholar
Tinti, Francesca (2021). ‘Anglo-Saxon Travellers and Their Books’. In Breay, Claire and Story, Joanna, eds., Manuscripts in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Cultures and Connections. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 168–77.Google Scholar
Townend, Matthew (2001). ‘Contextualizing the Knútsdrápur: Skaldic Praise-Poetry at the Court of Cnut’. Anglo-Saxon England 30: 145–79.Google Scholar
Townend, Matthew (2002). Language and History in Viking Age England: Linguistic Relations between Speakers of Old Norse and Old English. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Townend, Matthew (2011). ‘Cnut’s Poets: An Old Norse Literary Community in Eleventh-Century England’. In Tyler, Elizabeth M., ed., Conceptualizing Multilingualism in England, c. 800–c. 1250. Turnhout: Brepols, 197215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treharne, Elaine (2012). Living through Conquest: The Politics of Early English, 1020–1200. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Treharne, Elaine (2014). ‘The Performance of Piety: Cnut, Rome, and England’. In Tinti, Francesca, ed., England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art and Politics. Turnhout: Brepols, 343–64.Google Scholar
Tyler, Elizabeth M. (2011). ‘Crossing Conquests: Polyglot Royal Women and Literary Culture in Eleventh-Century England’. In Tyler, Elizabeth M., ed., Conceptualizing Multilingualism in England, c. 800–c. 1250. Turnhout: Brepols, 171–96.Google Scholar
Tyler, Elizabeth M. (2017). England in Europe: English Royal Women and Literary Patronage, c. 1000–c. 1150. Toronto: Toronto University Press.Google Scholar
Vanderputten, Steven (2006). ‘Canterbury and Flanders in the Late Tenth Century’. Anglo-Saxon England 35: 219–44.Google Scholar
Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (1950). ‘The Franks and the English in the Ninth Century: Some Common Historical Interests’. History 35: 202–18.Google Scholar
Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (1960). ‘Rome and the Early English Church: Some Questions of Transmission’. Settimane del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo 7: 519–48.Google Scholar
Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (1962). Bede’s Europe. Jarrow Lecture. Jarrow: St Paul’s Church.Google Scholar
Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (1971). Early Germanic Kingship in England and on the Continent: The Ford Lectures delivered in the University of Oxford in Hilary Term 1970. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Weaver, Erica (2018). ‘Finding Consolation at the End of the Millennium’. In Joseph McMullen, A. and Weaver, Erica, eds., The Legacy of Boethius in Medieval England: The Consolation and its Afterlife. Tempe, AZ: ACMRS, 89102.Google Scholar
West, Charles (2015). ‘England: Apart from or a Part of Europe? An Early Medieval Perspective’. History Matters: History Brought Alive by the University of Sheffield, 14 May. www.historymatters.group.shef.ac.uk/england-part-europe-early-medieval-perspective/.Google Scholar
West, Charles (2019). ‘Plenty of Puff’. London Review of Books 41(24), 19 December. www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v41/n24/charles-west/plenty-of-puff.Google Scholar
Wieland, Gernot (1991). ‘Anglo-Saxon Culture in Bavaria 739–850’. Mediaevalia 17: 177200.Google Scholar
Williams, Ann (1986). ‘“Cockles amongst the Wheat”: Danes and English in the Western Midlands in the First Half of the Eleventh Century’. Midland History 11: 122.Google Scholar
Wilton, David (2020). ‘What Do We Mean by Anglo-Saxon? Pre-Conquest to the Present’. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 119: 425–56.Google Scholar
Wood, Ian (1983). The Merovingian North Sea. Alingsås: Viktoria Bokförlag.Google Scholar
Wood, Ian (1999). ‘Augustine and Gaul’. In Gameson, Richard, ed., St Augustine and the Conversion of England. Stroud: Sutton Publishing: 6882.Google Scholar
Wood, Ian (2001). The Missionary Life: Saints and the Evangelisation of Europe 400 – 1050. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar
Wood, Ian (2004). ‘John Michael Wallace-Hadrill, 1916–1985’. Proceedings of the British Academy 124: 333–55.Google Scholar
Wood, Ian (2011). ‘The Continental Connections of Anglo-Saxon Courts from Æthelberht to Offa’, Settimane del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo 58: 443–80.Google Scholar
Wood, Ian (2013). ‘The Continental Journeys of Wilfrid and Biscop’. In Higham, N. J., ed., Wilfrid: Abbot, Bishop, Saint. Papers from the 1300th Anniversary Conference. Donnington: Shaun Tyas, 200–11.Google Scholar
Wood, Michael (1983). ‘The Making of King Æthelstan’s Empire: An English Charlemagne?’ In Wormald, Patrick with Bullough, Donald and Collins, Roger, eds., Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society: Studies Presented to J. M. Wallace-Hadrill. Oxford: Blackwell, 250–72.Google Scholar
Wood, Michael (2014). ‘A Carolingian Scholar in the Court of King Æthelstan’. In Rollason, David, Leyser, Conrad and Williams, Hannah, eds., England and the Continent in the Tenth Century: Studies in Honour of Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947). Turnhout: Brepols, 135–62.Google Scholar
(2019). ‘As a Racism Row Rumbles on, Is it Time to Retire the Term “Anglo-Saxon”?’ BBC History Magazine, December. www.historyextra.com/period/anglo-saxon/professor-michael-wood-anglo-saxon-name-debate-is-term-racist/.Google Scholar
Wormald, Patrick (1988). ‘Æthelwold and His Continental Counterparts: Contact, Comparison, Contrast’. In Yorke, Barbara, ed., Bishop Æthelwold: His Career and Influence. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1342. Reprinted in Patrick Wormald (2006). The Times of Bede: Studies in Early English Christian Society and its Historian, ed. Stephen Baxter. Malden, MA: Blackwell: no. 5.Google Scholar
(1992). ‘The Venerable Bede and the “Church of the English”’. In Rowell, Geoffrey, ed., The English Tradition and the Genius of Anglicanism: Studies in Commemoration of the Second Centenary of John Keble. Wantage: Ikon Productions, 1332. Reprinted in Wormald, Patrick (2006) The Times of Bede: Studies in Early English Christian Society and Its Historian, ed. Stephen Baxter. Malden, MA: Blackwell: no. 6.Google Scholar
Wright, Roger (2002). A Sociophilological Study of Late Latin. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Wright, Roger (2011). ‘Abbo of Fleury in Ramsey (985–987)’. In Tyler, Elizabeth M., ed., Conceptualizing Multilingualism in England, c. 800–c. 1250. Turnhout: Brepols, 105120.Google Scholar
Yorke, Barbara (2006). The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c.600–800. Harlow: Pearson Longman.Google Scholar
Yorke, Barbara (2020) ‘Bede’s Preferential Treatment of the Irish’. In DeGregorio, Scott and Kershaw, Paul, eds., Cities, Saints, and Communities in Early Medieval Europe: Essays in Honour of Alan Thacker. Turnhout: Brepols, 223–40.Google Scholar
Yorke, Barbara (2020). ‘Boniface’s West Saxon Background’. In Aaij, Michael and Godlove, Shannon, eds., A Companion to Boniface. Leiden: Brill, 2745.Google Scholar
Zacher, Samantha (2011). ‘Multilingualism at the Court of King Æthelstan: Latin Praise Poetry and The Battle of Brunanburh’. In Tyler, Elizabeth M., ed., Conceptualizing Multilingualism in England, c. 800–c. 1250. Turnhout: Brepols, 77103.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Europe and the Anglo-Saxons
  • Francesca Tinti, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science
  • Online ISBN: 9781108942898
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Europe and the Anglo-Saxons
  • Francesca Tinti, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science
  • Online ISBN: 9781108942898
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Europe and the Anglo-Saxons
  • Francesca Tinti, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science
  • Online ISBN: 9781108942898
Available formats
×