Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-fv566 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T06:54:01.075Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Finite-element modelling of NiTi shape-memory wires for morphing aerofoils

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2020

W.L.H. Wan A. Hamid Open the ORCID record for W.L.H. Wan A. Hamid [Opens in a new window] ,
L. Iannucci  and
P. Robinson
W.L.H. Wan A. Hamid*
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
L. Iannucci*
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
P. Robinson*
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
*
w.wan-a-hamid15@imperial.ac.uk
lo.iannucci@imperial.ac.uk
p.robinson@imperial.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper presents the development and implementation of a user-defined material (UMAT) model for NiTi Shape-Memory Alloy (SMA) wires for use in LS-DYNA commercial explicit finite-element analysis software. The UMAT focusses on the Shape-Memory Effect (SME), which could be used for actuation of aerostructural components. The actuation of a fundamental structure consisting of an SMA wire connected in series with a linear spring was studied first. The SMA thermomechanical behaviour obtained from the finite-element simulation was compared with that obtained from the analytical solution in MATLAB. A further comparison is presented for an SMA-actuated cantilever beam, showing excellent agreement in terms of the SMA stress and strain as well as the tip deflection of the cantilever beam. A mesh sensitivity study on the SMA wire indicated that one beam element was adequate to accurately predict the SMA thermomechanical behaviour. An analysis of several key parameters showed that, to achieve a high recovery strain, the stiffness of the actuated structure should be minimised while the cross-sectional area of the SMA wire should be maximised. The actuation of an SMA wire under a constant stress/load was also analysed. The SMA material model was finally applied to the design of morphing aluminium and composite aerofoils consisting of corrugated sections, resulting in the prediction of reasonably large trailing-edge deflections (7.8–65.9 mm).

Keywords

Shape-memory alloy (SMA)shape-memory effect (SME)UMATLS-DYNAmorphing structures
Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 124 , Issue 1281 , November 2020 , pp. 1740 - 1760
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Aeronautical Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Buehler, W.J. and Wiley, R.C. The properties of TiNi and associated phases, U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory NOLTR 61-75, 1961.Google Scholar
Frotscher, M., Nortershauser, P., Somsen, C.H., Neuking, K., Bockmann, R. and Eggeler, G.Microstructure and structural fatigue of ultra-fine grained NiTi-stents, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2009, 503, pp 96–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petrini, L. and Migliavacca, F.Biomedical applications of shape memory alloys, Journal of Metallurgy, 2011, 501483, pp 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobushi, H., Date, K. and Miyamoto, K.Characteristics and development of shape-memory alloy heat engine, Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering, 2010, 4, (7), pp 1094–1102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, R.The Banks engine, Naturwissenschaften, 1975, 62, pp 305–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, H.I., Han, M.W., Song, S.H. and Ahn, S.H.Soft morphing hand driven by SMA tendon wire, Composites Part B, 2016, 105, pp 138–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thill, C., Etches, J.A., Bond, I.P., Potter, K.D. and Weaver, P.M.Morphing skins, The Aeronautical Journal, 2008, 112, (1129), pp 117–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbarino, S., Bilgen, O., Ajaj, R.M., Friswell, M.I. and Inman, D.J.A review of morphing aircraft, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2011, 22, pp 823–877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iannucci, L., Evans, M., Irvine, R., Patoor, E. and Osmont, D. Morphing wing design, MCM-ITP Conference, Lille - Grand Palais, 2009.Google Scholar
Jardine, A.P., Bartley-Cho, J. and Flanagan, J.Improved design and performance of the SMA torque tube for the DARPA smart wing program, SPIE Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures and Technology, 1999, 3674–29, pp 260–269.Google Scholar
Dong, Y., Boming, Z. and Jun, L.A changeable aerofoil actuated by shape memory alloy springs, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008, 485, pp 243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iannucci, L. and Fontanazza Design of morphing wing structures, 3rd SEAS DTC (System Engineering and Autonomous Systems Defence Technology Centre) Technical Conference, 2008.Google Scholar
Kang, W.R., Kim, E.H., Jeong, M.S., Lee, I. and Ahn, S.M.Morphing wing mechanism using an SMA wire actuator, International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2012, 13, pp 58–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rim, M., Kim, E.H., Kang, W.R. and Lee, I.Development of a shape memory alloy wire actuator to operate a morphing wing, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2014, 52, pp 519–531.Google Scholar
Almeida, T.C., Santos, O.S. and Otubo, J.Construction of a morphing wing rib actuated by a NiTi wire, Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, 2015, 7, pp 454–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iannucci, L. Aerofoil member, US-Patent No. 8,186,631, 2012.Google Scholar
Ruangjirakit, K. Polyurethane corrugated composites for morphing wing applications, PhD Thesis, Imperial College London, UK, 2013.Google Scholar
Thill, C., Etches, J.A., Bond, I.P., Potter, K.D. and Weaver, P.M.Composite corrugated structures for morphing wing skin applications, Smart Materials and Structures, 2010, 19, pp 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terwagne, D., Brojan, M. and Reis, P.M.Smart morphable surfaces for aerodynamic drag control, Advanced Materials, 2014, 26, (38), pp 6608–6611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kudva, J.N.Overview of the DARPA smart wing project, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2004, 15, pp 261–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, X., Qiao, R. and Brinson, L.C.Phase diagram kinetics for shape memory alloys: a robust finite element implementation, Smart Materials and Structures, 2007, 16, pp 2102–2115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birman, V.Stability of functionally graded shape memory alloy sandwich panels, Smart Materials and Structures, 1997, 6, pp 278–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, W.B., Kariotis, A.H. and Stimler, F.J. Nitinol characterization study, NASA CR 1433, 1970.Google Scholar
Alipour, A., Kadkhodaei, M. and Ghaei, A.Finite element simulation of shape memory alloy wires using a user material subroutine: parametric study on heating rate, conductivity, and heat convection, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2015, 26, (5), pp 554–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomou, A.G., Machairas, T.T. and Saravanov, D.A.A coupled thermomechanical beam finite element for the simulation of shape memory alloy actuators, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2014, 25, (7), pp 890–907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabesh, M., Lester, B., Hartl, D. and Lagoudas, D. Influence of the latent heat of transformation and thermomechanical coupling on the performance of shape memory alloy actuators, Proceedings of the ASME, Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, SMASIS2012–8188, 2012, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okabe, Y., Sugiyama, H. and Inayoshi, T. (2011) Lightweight actuator structure with SMA honeycomb core and CFRP skins, Journal of Mechanical Design, 2011, 133, pp 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, T.L., Cabell, R.H., Cano, R.J. and Silcox, R.J.Development of a preliminary model-scale adaptive jet engine chevron, AIAA Journal, 2008, 46, (10), pp 2545–2557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbarino, S., Pecora, R., Lecce, L., Concilio, A., Ameduri, S. and Calvi, E.A novel SMA-based concept for airfoil structural morphing, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2009, 18, pp 696–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellitto, A. and Riccio, A.Overview and future advanced engineering applications for morphing surfaces by Shape Memory Alloy materials, Materials, 2019, 12, (5), art. no. 708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanaka, K., Hayashi, T. and Itoh, Y.Analysis of thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloys, Mechanics of Materials, 1992, 13, pp 207–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livermore Software Technology Corporation (Lstc), Ls-Dyna Keyword User’s Manual, Volume II Material Models, Version R8.0, 2015.Google Scholar
Epps, J.J. and Chopra, I.In-flight tracking of helicopter rotor blades using shape memory alloy actuators, Smart Materials and Structures, 2001, 10, pp 104–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar