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Idu: A Creator Festival at Okpoma (Brass) in the Niger Delta

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2012

Extract

In a brilliant analysis of Kalahari religion, Robin Horton has suggested that ‘Kalahari readiness to identify their unitary tamuno with the Christian God, and to give it active worship in such a guise’, may be explained by the fact that ‘Christian evangelism coincided with a growing irruption of the wider world outside into the narrow enclave of village life, and hence with a growing need to come to terms with this wider world’. Mr. Horton may not have meant to draw this conclusion, but this assessment could be read to suggest that among the Kalahari there had been no ‘active worship’ of the Creator God until Christian missionaries arrived with the European trader and consul, that it was this irruption of the outer world that gave the Kalahari villager a reason for seeking actively to worship tamuno, the missionary arriving at the opportune moment to teach him how. The following account of a Creator festival and ritual among the Nembe or Brass people, living adjacent to the Kalahari in the Niger Delta, should serve to confirm that active worship of a supreme being antedated the establishment of Christian missions. As with the Kalahari, there was a later identification of the Nembe God with the Christian, but this did not mark the beginning of active worship. The impact of the new forces has, however, resulted in the giving up of traditional modes of worship for the new Christian procedures which are thought to be more effective, and the idu festival described here has not been performed for over a decade.

Résumé

IDU, FÊTE DU CRÉATEUR À OKPOMA (BRASS) DANS LE DELTA DU NIGER

L'objet de cet exposé d'une fête et d'un rite du Créateur chez le peuple Nembe ou Brass qui habite un terrain avoisinant le Kalabari dans le Delta du Niger, est de démontre que l'adoration d'un être suprême précédait l'établissement des missions chrétiennes. Ultérieurement, le dieu Nembe fut assimilé au dieu chrétien, mais cette assimilation ne signalait pas le début du culte actif. L'impact des forces nouvelles a eu comme resultat, cependant, l'abandon des modes traditionnelles du culte au profit des procédés Chrétiens que l'on croit être plus efficaces, et la fête idu dêcrite dans cet article nʼa pas été célébrée depuis plus de dix ans. Cette fète dure trois jours et consiste de séances de danse, de boire et de manger. On fait des offrandes et on récite des prières pour la prospérité et la protection de la ville. C'est une occasion de renforcer les liens qui attachent la ville où les célébrations ont lieu aux villes avoisinantes, puisquʼon leur rend visite comme préliminaires de la fête. Cʼest un des rares rites auxquels les étrangers sont encouragés de participer. Cʼest également l'occasion d'une réunion où le peuple sʼassemble pour démontrer la communauté de leurs intérêts. Finalement, le comble de la fête est la mise en place d'une perche de manglier dans la ville qui sert de mémoratif perpétuel de la suprématie du Créateur et de son intérêt incessant dans le bien-être de tous.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1964

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References

page 1 note 1 Horton, Robin, ‘The Kalahari World-View: An Outline and Interpretation’, Africa, xxxii, no. 3, July 1962, p. 214Google Scholar.

page 2 note 1 There are many myths featuring Kalaorowei in the guise of an eagle.

page 2 note 2 The account of the festival was given by the present suo alabo, Mr. Beredugo Omo, assisted by the okuma alabo, Mr. Kiapili Inengite. It was taken down by Mr. J. S. Berena, Town Clerk, Okpoma. All citations in the paper refer to Mr. Berena's record.

page 3 note 1 The word alabo means ‘chief, rich or big man,’ but is also applied to priests. A distinction is made by the addition of the word oru, god. Thus, a priest is oru alabo, and a chief simply alabo.