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Medicine Murder in Basutoland: Colonial Rule and Moral Crisis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Abstract

This article analyses an acute moral crisis in the colonial administration of Basutoland in the late 1940s. It was provoked by a contagious rash of what became known as ‘medicine murders’, apparently perpetrated by senior chiefs. Two particular murders of this kind are examined in detail, as a result of which, in 1949, two very senior chiefs and some of their followers were hanged. This harshly dramatic episode brought into stark question the meaning of generations of the ‘civilising mission’, the fitness of the chiefs as leaders of the people, the moral integrity of the Basotho nation and the legitimacy both of colonial rule in general and of certain specific practices of the police. The political context of the murders is outlined, and the judicial process is dissected with special reference to the question of the validity of accomplice evidence.

Résumé

Cet article analyse une crise morale vive au sein de l’administration coloniale du Basutoland à la fin des années 1940. Elle fut provoquée par une épidémie contagieuse de ce que l’on vint à appeler des “meurtres médicinaux”, apparemment perpétrés par des grands chefs. Deux de ces meurtres sont étudiés dans le détail, à la suite desquels deux des principaux chefs et certains de leurs partisans furent pendus en 1949. Cet épisode dramatique a mis en exergue la signification des générations de la “mission civilisatrice”, l’aptitude des chefs à diriger la population, l’intégrité morale de la nation Basotho et la légitimité de la domination coloniale en général et de certaines pratiques spécifiques de la police. L’article souligne le contexte politique des meurtres et dissèque la procédure judiciaire en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à la question de la validité des dépositions des complices.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2000

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