Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-n9wrp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T13:18:47.856Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Principles of Bantu Marriage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2012

Extract

Initiation, through which a Bantu establishes spiritual communion with his ancestors, is also a necessary preliminary to marriage; thus the place of initiation of the Bakongo is called nzo longo, i.e. the house of legitimate wedlock. It is during the ceremonies attending it that both sexes are supposed to receive their sexual education. It must, however, be admitted that, as a rule, boys and girls know at an early age as much about the animal, if not the social and spiritual, side of matrimony as their elders, for we have ample evidence that they indulge freely in promiscuous sexual intercourse long before marriage and even puberty.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1929

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

page 255 note 1 Wing, Van in Congo, 1920, ii, p. 229 et seq.Google Scholar

page 255 note 2 Weeks, , Among Congo Cannibals, pp. 136 and 138Google Scholar ; Dundas, , in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 245.Google ScholarMacDonald, , Afrkana, i, p. 173.Google Scholar

page 255 note 3 Delhaise, , Les Warega. Collection Ethnographique, v, p. 167.Google Scholar

page 255 note 4 Dundas, , in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 247.Google Scholar

page 255 note 5 Schmitz, , Les Basonge. Collection Ethnographique, iii, p. 253.Google Scholar

page 255 note 6 Brincker, , in Mitteilungen Sem. Orient. Spr. Berlin, iii. 3, p. 81.Google Scholar

page 255 note 7 Decle, , Savage Africa, p. 147.Google Scholar

page 255 note 8 Colle, , Les Baluba. Collection Ethnographique, x and xi, p. 279.Google Scholar

page 256 note 1 Gutmann, , Das Recht der Dschagga, p. 506.Google Scholar

page 256 note 2 Hodgson, , in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst. lvi, 41.Google Scholar

page 256 note 3 Hobley, , Ethnology of Akamba, 79.Google Scholar

page 256 note 4 Stannus, , in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., xl, p. 290.Google Scholar

page 256 note 5 Bittremieux, , Mayombsch Idioticon, p. 293.Google Scholar

page 256 note 6 Routledge, , With a Prehistoric People, p. 126.Google Scholar

page 256 note 7 Wing, Van, Études Bakongo, p. 217 et seq.Google Scholar

page 256 note 8 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 173.Google Scholar

page 256 note 9 Gutmann, , loc. cit., pp. 137 et seq.Google Scholar

page 257 note 1 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, pp. 246–7.Google Scholar

page 257 note 2 Colle, , loc. cit., 280 et seq.Google Scholar

page 257 note 3 Torday, and Joyce, , Notes Ethnographiques, etc. Kasai et Kwango Oriental, p. 69.Google Scholar

page 257 note 4 Schmitz, , loc. cit., p. 259.Google Scholar

page 257 note 5 Delhaise, , loc. cit., p. 173.Google ScholarColle, , loc. cit., p. 287.Google Scholar

page 257 note 6 Proyart, , History of Loango, in Pinkerton, xvi, p. 568.Google Scholar

page 257 note 7 Reade, , Savage Africa, p. 261.Google Scholar

page 258 note 1 Bittremieux, , loc. cit., p. 282, under Kufu.Google Scholar

page 258 note 2 id., p. 335, under Lunungu.

page 258 note 3 Barrow, , Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa, i, p. 206.Google Scholar

page 258 note 4 Bryant, , Zulu-English Dictionary, p. 231 et seq., under Hlobonga.Google Scholar

page 258 note 5 Smith, and Dale, , The Ila-Speaking Peoples, ii, p. 38.Google Scholar

page 258 note 6 Junod, , The Life of a South African Tribe, i, p. 309.Google Scholar

page 258 note 7 Velten, , Die Sitten und Gebräuche der Suaheli, p. 135.Google Scholar

page 258 note 8 Hodgson, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst. lvi, p. 52.Google Scholar

page 258 note 9 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 149 et seq.Google Scholar

page 258 note 10 Dundas, , Kilitnandjaro and its People, p. 213.Google Scholar

page 258 note 11 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 269.Google Scholar

page 258 note 12 Price, , Journ. Anthrop. Inst., i, p. 189.Google Scholar

page 258 note 13 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 245.Google Scholar

page 258 note 14 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 248.Google Scholar

page 258 note 15 Wissmann, , Im Innern Africas, p. 24Google Scholar ; Torday, and Joyce, , Notes Ethnographiques, Les Bushongo, p. 10.Google Scholar

page 259 note 1 Livingstone, , Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi, etc., p. 284.Google Scholar

page 259 note 2 Weeks, , loc. cit., p. 125.Google Scholar

page 259 note 3 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 67.Google Scholar

page 259 note 4 Michaux, in Les Basonge, Collection Ethnographique, iii, p. 261.Google Scholar

page 259 note 5 Battell, The Strange Adventures of, Hakluyt Society, p. 45.

page 259 note 6 Delhaise, , loc. cit., v, p. 175.Google Scholar

page 259 note 7 Delhaise, , loc. cit., p. 337.Google Scholar

page 260 note 1 Wing, Van, Études Bakongo, p. 233.Google Scholar

page 260 note 2 Colle, x and xi, p. 293.

page 260 note 3 Lichtenstein, , Travels in Southern Africa, etc., i, pp. 261–5.Google Scholar

page 260 note 4 Barrow, , loc. cit., i, p. 206.Google Scholar

page 260 note 5 South African Law and Customs Commission Report, QQ. 523, 779.

page 260 note 6 Holub, , Sieben Jahre in Süd-Afrika, i, p. 478.Google Scholar

page 260 note 7 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 231.Google Scholar

page 260 note 8 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 45.Google Scholar

page 261 note 1 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, pp. 45–6.Google Scholar

page 261 note 2 Guilmin, in Le Congo, 1922, i, pp. 46–7.Google Scholar

page 261 note 3 Spencer, , The Principles of Sociology, i, p. 665.Google Scholar

page 261 note 4 Westermarck, , The History of Human Marriage, 3rd ed., p. 434.Google Scholar

page 261 note 5 Bryant, , loc. cit., p. 47.Google Scholar

page 261 note 6 Gibson, , The Story of the Zulus, p. 36.Google Scholar

page 261 note 7 id., p. 41.

page 262 note 1 Junod, , loc. cit., Ist ed., i, p. 348 et seq.Google Scholar

page 262 note 2 Campbell, , In the Heart of Bantuland, p. 89.Google Scholar

page 262 note 3 Gutmann, , loc. cit., pp. 72 and 73.Google Scholar

page 262 note 4 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., ii, p. 63.Google Scholar

page 262 note 5 Gouldsbury, and Sheane, , The Great Plateau of Northern Nigeria, p. 18 et seq.Google Scholar

page 262 note 6 Holub, , loc. cit., ii, p. 187.Google Scholar

page 262 note 7 Merolla, in Churchill, i, p. 718 et seq.Google Scholar

page 262 note 8 Battell, , loc. cit., p. 50.Google Scholar

page 262 note 9 Schmitz, , loc. cit. iii, p. 254.Google Scholar

page 263 note 1 Torday, and Joyce, , Les Bushongo, p. 272Google Scholar ; Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 233 et seq.Google Scholar

page 263 note 2 Routledge, , loc. cit., p. 47Google Scholar; Dundas, , loc. cit., pp. 304–9.Google Scholar

page 263 note 3 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 209.Google Scholar

page 263 note 4 Laws and Customs Comm., QQ. 1504–5, 19541961.Google Scholar

page 264 note 1 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 243.Google Scholar

page 264 note 2 Bryant, loc. cit., p. 621, under isi-Tembu.

page 264 note 3 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 135.Google Scholar

page 264 note 4 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 250.Google Scholar

page 264 note 5 Colle, , loc. cit., p. 323.Google Scholar

page 264 note 6 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 134.Google Scholar

page 264 note 7 Holub, , loc. cit., ii, p. 186.Google Scholar

page 264 note 8 Anley, in Nada, 1926, iv, p. 88.Google Scholar

page 264 note 9 Casalis, , The Basutos, p. 186.Google Scholar

page 264 note 10 Bryant, , loc. cit., p. 106 et seq.Google Scholar

page 264 note 11 Junod, , loc. cit., i, p. 354.Google Scholar

page 265 note 1 Dundas, , loc.cit., p. 242.Google Scholar

page 265 note 2 Lindblom, , The Akamba, pp. 80–1.Google Scholar

page 265 note 3 Casalis, , loc. cit, p. 186.Google Scholar

page 265 note 4 Brincker, in Mitteilungen Sem. Orient. Spr. Berlin, iii. 3, p. 83Google Scholar; Dundas, , loc. cit., pp. 233–49.Google Scholar

page 265 note 5 Routledge, , loc. cit., p. 134.Google Scholar

page 265 note 6 Colle, , loc. cit., p. 294.Google Scholar

page 265 note 7 Jackson, in Nada, 1926, iv, p. 31.Google Scholar

page 265 note 8 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 133.Google Scholar

page 265 note 9 id., p. 205 et seq.; Weeks, , loc. cit., p. 125.Google Scholar

page 265 note 10 Stannus, , The Wqyao in Nyasaland, in Harvard African Studies, iii, 1920, p. 280.Google Scholar

page 266 note 1 Junod, , loc. cit., i. 239Google Scholar; Brown, , Among Banfu Nomads, p. 59.Google Scholar

page 266 note 2 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 207.Google Scholar

page 266 note 3 Gutmann, , loc. cit., pp. 71-5, 78, 499500.Google Scholar

page 266 note 4 id., p. 500.

page 266 note 5 Irle in Archiv für Anthrop., New Series, x. v. 356.

page 266 note 6 Hodgson, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., lvi, p. 51.Google Scholar

page 267 note 1 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, pp. 251 and 253Google Scholar; Junod, , loc. cit., i, p. 277Google Scholar et seq.; Brown, , loc. cit., 58 et seq.Google Scholar

page 267 note 2 Lindblom, , loc. cit., p. 78.Google ScholarDundas, , loc. cit., p. 194.Google ScholarDundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. last., li, p. 252.Google Scholar

page 267 note 3 Hobley, , loc. cit., p. 45.Google Scholar

page 267 note 4 Gillain, in Les Basonge, p. 262.Google ScholarColle, , loc. cit., p. 284.Google Scholar

page 267 note 5 Dennett, , At the Back of the Black Man's Mind, p. 37.Google Scholar

page 267 note 6 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 225.Google Scholar

page 267 note 7 id., p. 72. Bittremieux, , loc. cit., p. 499Google Scholar , under Nkazi.

page 267 note 8 Dapper, , Description de l'Afrique, p. 581.Google Scholar

page 267 note 9 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 273 et seq.Google Scholar

page 268 note 1 Wing, Van, loc. cit., pp. 233 and 234.Google Scholar

page 268 note 2 Lindblom, , loc. cit., p. 109.Google Scholar

page 268 note 3 id., p. 106.

page 268 note 4 Junod, , loc. cit., i, pp. 197–9 and note.Google Scholar

page 268 note 5 Casalis, , loc. cit., p. 187.Google Scholar

page 268 note 6 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 187.Google Scholar

page 268 note 7 id., p. 249.

page 268 note 8 Gutmann, , loc. cit., pp. 68 and 32.Google Scholar

page 268 note 9 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 280.Google Scholar

page 268 note 10 Brown, , loc. cit., p. 47.Google Scholar

page 268 note 11 Casalis, , loc. cit., p. 187.Google Scholar

page 268 note 12 Jackson, in Nada, 1926, iv, p. 30 et seq.Google Scholar

page 268 note 13 Junod, , loc. cit., i, pp. 341–3.Google Scholar

page 269 note 1 Anderson, , Lake Ngami, p. 228.Google Scholar

page 269 note 2 Hodgson, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., lvi, p. 40.Google Scholar

page 269 note 3 Law and Customs Comm., QQ. 1972-6, 797.

page 269 note 4 Casalis, , loc. cit., p. 179.Google Scholar

page 269 note 5 Stow, , The Native Races of South Africa, p. 440.Google Scholar

page 269 note 6 Posselt, in Nada, 1926, iv, p. 51.Google ScholarFaye, , Zulu References, p. 101.Google Scholar

page 269 note 7 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 228.Google Scholar

page 270 note 1 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., i, p. 384.Google Scholar

page 270 note 2 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 243 et seq. and 304.Google Scholar

page 270 note 3 Wing, Van, loc. cit., pp. 227 and 229.Google Scholar

page 270 note 4 Weeks, , Among the Primitive Bakongo, p. 119.Google Scholar

page 270 note 5 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 83.Google Scholar

page 270 note 6 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., i, p. 380.Google Scholar

page 270 note 7 Hobley, , loc. cit., p. 83.Google ScholarRoutledge, , loc. cit., p. 121.Google Scholar

page 270 note 8 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i. 133.Google ScholarJunod, , loc. cit., i, p. 120 et seq.Google Scholar

page 271 note 1 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 205.Google Scholar

page 271 note 2 Weeks, , Among Congo Cannibals, p. 126.Google Scholar

page 271 note 3 Orde-Browne, , The Vanishing Tribes of Kenya, p. 74.Google Scholar

page 271 note 4 Routledge, , loc.cit., p. 125.Google Scholar

page 271 note 5 Torday, , On the Trail of the Bushongo, p. 48.Google Scholar

page 271 note 6 Torday, and Joyce, , Bushongo, p. 272.Google Scholar

page 271 note 7 Lindblom, , loc. cit., p. 78.Google Scholar

page 271 note 8 Junod, , loc. cit., i, p. 102 et seq.Google Scholar

page 271 note 9 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 229.Google Scholar

page 271 note 10 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 82 et seq.Google Scholar

page 271 note 11 Brincker, in Mitt. Sem. Orient. Spr. Berlin, iii. 3, p. 82.Google ScholarMacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 139.Google ScholarGouldsbury, and Sheane, , loc. cit., p. 157.Google Scholar

page 271 note 12 Schütt, , Reisen im Südlichen Becken des Congo, p. 56.Google Scholar

page 271 note 13 Routledge, , loc. cit., p. 126.Google ScholarDundas, , loc. cit., p. 230.Google ScholarJunod, , loc. cit., i, p. 102 et seq.Google Scholar

page 272 note 1 Brincker, , loc. cit., iii. 3, p. 82.Google Scholar

page 272 note 2 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 82 et seq.Google Scholar

page 272 note 3 id., p. 12.

page 272 note 4 Stannus, , loc. cit., p. 235.Google ScholarRoutledge, , loc. cit., p. 127 et seq.Google Scholar

page 272 note 5 Wing, Van, loc. cit., 205–7.Google Scholar

page 272 note 6 Thomas, in Nada, 1926, iv, p. 74.Google Scholar

page 273 note 1 Stannus, , loc. cit., p. 235.Google Scholar

page 273 note 2 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 139.Google Scholar

page 273 note 3 Colle, , loc. cit., p. 285.Google Scholar

page 273 note 4 Torday, in Man, 1929, p. 5.Google Scholar

page 273 note 5 Dennett, , loc. cit., p. 38.Google Scholar

page 273 note 6 Morisson, , Buluba-Lulua Language, p. 179.Google Scholar

page 273 note 7 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., ii, p. 49.Google Scholar

page 274 note 1 Gouldsbury, and Sheane, , loc. cit., pp. 157-8, 165 et seq.Google Scholar

page 274 note 2 Casalis, , loc. cit., p. 182.Google Scholar

page 274 note 3 Orde-Browne, , loc. cit., p. 74.Google Scholar

page 274 note 4 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 256.Google Scholar

page 274 note 5 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 126 et seq.Google Scholar

page 274 note 6 Routledge, , loc. cit., p. 125.Google Scholar

page 274 note 7 Gillain, , loc. cit., p. 270.Google Scholar

page 274 note 8 Laws and Customs Commission, Q. 481.

page 274 note 9 Orde-Browne, , loc. cit., p. 72.Google Scholar

page 275 note 1 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 68.Google Scholar

page 275 note 2 Junod, , loc. cit.,i, p. 212.Google Scholar

page 275 note 3 Campbell, , loc. cit., p. 156 et seq.Google Scholar

page 275 note 4 Bryant, , loc. cit., p. 300.Google Scholar

page 275 note 5 Galton, , Narrative of an Exploration in Tropical South Africa, p. 84.Google ScholarAnderson, , loc. cit., p. 319.Google Scholar

page 275 note 6 Gutmann, , loc. cit., pp. 549–50.Google Scholar

page 275 note 7 id., p. 571.

page 276 note 1 Posselt, , loc. cit., 1926, iv, p. 56.Google Scholar

page 276 note 2 Orde-Browne, , loc. cit., p. 75.Google Scholar

page 276 note 3 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 240.Google Scholar

page 276 note 4 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 131.Google Scholar

page 276 note 5 Decle, , Three Years in Savage Africa, p. 158.Google Scholar

page 276 note 6 Brown, , loc. cit., pp. 60–1.Google Scholar

page 276 note 7 Lindblom, , loc. cit., p. 83.Google Scholar

page 277 note 1 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 187.Google Scholar

page 277 note 2 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 209.Google Scholar

page 277 note 3 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., ii, 49.Google Scholar

page 277 note 4 Torday, and Joyce, , Bushongo, p. 272.Google Scholar

page 277 note 5 Weeks, , Among the Primitive Bakongo, p. 140.Google Scholar

page 277 note 6 Hodgson, , loc. cit., p. 52.Google ScholarStannus, , Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., lxi p. 309.Google ScholarSmith, and Dale, , loc. cit., ii, p. 75.Google Scholar

page 277 note 7 Weeks, , Among Congo Cannibals, p. 137.Google Scholar

page 277 note 8 Torday, and Joyce, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., xxxv, p. 410.Google Scholar

page 278 note 1 Stannus, , loc. cit., p. 236.Google Scholar

page 278 note 2 Posselt, , loc.cit, 1926, iv, p. 52.Google Scholar

page 278 note 3 id., p. 52.

page 278 note 4 Gouldsbury, and Sheane, , loc. cit., p. 157 et seq.Google Scholar

page 278 note 5 Wing, Van, loc. cit., pp. 144 and 145.Google Scholar

page 278 note 6 Law and Customs Commission, QQ. 469-73, 483-4.

page 278 note 7 Hodgson, , loc. cit., p. 51.Google Scholar

page 274 note 8 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 268.Google Scholar

page 278 note 9 Hobley, , loc. cit., p. 62.Google Scholar

page 278 note 10 Gutmann, , loc. cit., 133.Google Scholar

page 279 note 1 Hodgson, , loc. cit., p. 51.Google Scholar

page 279 note 2 Merolla, , loc. cit., p. 687.Google Scholar

page 279 note 3 Mr. Fynn, , quoted in Flemming, , Southern Africa, p. 256.Google Scholar

page 279 note 4 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., ii, p. 50.Google Scholar

page 279 note 5 Pogge, , in Mitt, der Afrikanischen Gesellschaft, iv, p. 260.Google Scholar

page 279 note 6 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 231.Google Scholar

page 279 note 7 id., p. 303.

page 279 note 8 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 64.Google Scholar

page 280 note 1 Dundas, in Jourtt. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 257.Google Scholar

page 280 note 2 Decle, , loc. cit., p. 158 et seq.Google Scholar

page 280 note 3 Schmitz, , loc. cit., p. 265.Google Scholar

page 280 note 4 Delhaise, , loc. cit., p. 177.Google Scholar

page 280 note 5 Shooter, , The Kafirs of Natal and the Zulu Country, p. 84.Google Scholar

page 280 note 6 Holub, , loc. cit., 478.Google Scholar

page 280 note 7 Wing, Van, loc. cit., pp. 193 and 194.Google Scholar

page 280 note 8 Delhaise, , loc. cit., p. 39.Google Scholar

page 280 note 9 Hodgson, , loc. cit., pp. 50 and 51.Google Scholar

page 280 note 10 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 70.Google Scholar

page 280 note 11 id., p. 71.

page 280 note 12 id., p. 133.

page 281 note 1 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 229.Google Scholar

page 281 note 2 Routledge, , loc. cit, p. 124.Google Scholar

page 281 note 3 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 252.Google Scholar

page 281 note 4 Campbell, , loc. cit., p. 156.Google Scholar

page 281 note 5 Torday, and Joyce, , Bushongo, p. 271.Google Scholar

page 281 note 6 id., Kasai, p. 269.

page 281 note 7 Brown, , loc. cit., p. 59.Google Scholar

page 281 note 8 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 133.Google Scholar

page 281 note 9 Weeks, , Among Congo Cannibals, p. 122.Google Scholar

page 281 note 10 Routledge, , loc. cit., p. 125.Google Scholar

page 281 note 11 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 252.Google Scholar

page 281 note 12 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 67.Google Scholar

page 281 note 13 Weeks, , Bakongo, p. 112.Google Scholar

page 281 note 14 Stannus, , loc. cit., p. 233 et seq.Google Scholar

page 281 note 15 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 119.Google Scholar

page 282 note 1 Stannus, , loc. cit., p. 237.Google Scholar

page 282 note 2 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 219.Google Scholar

page 282 note 3 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 223 et seq.Google Scholar

page 282 note 4 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 201 et seq.Google Scholar

page 282 note 5 Campbell, , loc. cit., p. 51.Google Scholar

page 282 note 6 Knivet's, Narrative in Battell, loc. cit., p. 97.Google Scholar

page 282 note 7 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 217.Google Scholar

page 282 note 8 Colle, , loc. cit., pp. 312–14.Google Scholar

page 282 note 9 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 245.Google Scholar

page 282 note 10 Gibson, , loc. cit., p. 32.Google Scholar

page 282 note 11 Decle, , loc. cit., p. 160.Google Scholar

page 282 note 12 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 145.Google Scholar

page 282 note 13 Hodgson, , loc. cit., p. 46.Google Scholar

page 283 note 1 Dennett, , Folk-hore of the Fjort, p. 21.Google Scholar

page 283 note 2 Stannus, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., xl, p. 290.Google Scholar

page 283 note 3 Gouldsbury, and Sheane, , loc. cit., p. 55.Google Scholar

page 283 note 4 MacDonald, , loc. cit., i, p. 80.Google Scholar

page 283 note 5 Stannus, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst. xl, p. 306.Google Scholar

page 283 note 6 id., p. 306.

page 283 note 7 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 272.Google Scholar

page 283 note 8 Stannus, , The Wayao of Nyasaland, p. 287.Google Scholar

page 283 note 9 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 250 et seq.Google Scholar

page 283 note 10 id., p. 222 et seq.

page 283 note 11 Pogge, , loc. cit, iv, p. 261.Google Scholar

page 283 note 12 Gouldsbury, and Sheane, , loc. cit., p. 176.Google Scholar

page 283 note 13 id., p. 57.

page 283 note 14 Junod, , loc. cit., pp. 39 and 38.Google Scholar

page 284 note 1 Orde-Browne, , loc. cit., p. 73.Google Scholar

page 284 note 2 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 242 et seq.Google Scholar

page 284 note 3 id., p. 253.

page 284 note 4 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, pp. 261, 262, and 263.Google Scholar

page 284 note 5 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 205 et seq.Google Scholar

page 284 note 6 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 207.Google Scholar

page 284 note 7 Lichtenstein, , loc. cit., i, pp. 261–5.Google Scholar

page 284 note 8 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 251 et seq.Google Scholar

page 284 note 9 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 206.Google Scholar

page 284 note 10 Routledge, , loc. cit., p. 217.Google Scholar

page 284 note 11 Weeks, , Bakongo, p. 71.Google Scholar

page 285 note 1 Dundas, , loc. cit, p. 251.Google Scholar

page 285 note 2 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 207.Google Scholar

page 285 note 3 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 242 et seq.Google Scholar

page 285 note 4 Genesis, xxxviii, 8. Deuteronomy, xxv, 7-10.

page 285 note 5 O'Sullivan, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., xl, p. 184.Google Scholar

page 286 note 1 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 269.Google Scholar

page 286 note 2 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 250.Google Scholar

page 286 note 3 Torday, and Joyce, , Kasai, p. 23.Google Scholar

page 286 note 4 Stannus, , Wayao, p. 236.Google Scholar

page 286 note 5 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., ii, p. 71.Google Scholar

page 286 note 6 Casalis, , loc. cit., p. 190.Google Scholar

page 286 note 7 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., i, p. 390.Google Scholar

page 286 note 8 Brown, , loc. cit., p. 63.Google Scholar

page 286 note 9 Lindblom, , loc. cit, p. 85 et seq.Google Scholar

page 286 note 10 Brown, , loc. cit., p. 63 et seq.Google Scholar

page 286 note 11 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 222.Google Scholar

page 286 note 12 Dundas, , loc. cit., p. 9.Google Scholar

page 287 note 1 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit., i, p. 392.Google Scholar

page 287 note 2 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 189.Google Scholar

page 287 note 3 Dundas, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., li, p. 258.Google Scholar

page 287 note 4 Weeks, , Among Congo Cannibals, p. 130.Google Scholar

page 287 note 5 Brown, , loc. cit, p. 62.Google Scholar

page 287 note 6 Faye, , loc. cit., p. 102.Google Scholar

page 287 note 7 Brincker, , loc. cit., iii. 3, p. 85.Google Scholar

page 287 note 8 Gutmann, , loc. cit., p. 65.Google Scholar

page 287 note 9 Gutmann, , loc. cit., pp. 51–4.Google Scholar

page 288 note 1 Colle, , loc. cit, p. 317.Google Scholar

page 288 note 2 Smith, and Dale, , loc. cit, ii, p. 62.Google ScholarGouldsbury, and Sheane, , loc. cit., p. 172.Google Scholar

page 288 note 3 Wing, Van, loc. cit., p. 214.Google Scholar

page 288 note 4 Colle, , loc. cit., pp. 416–17.Google Scholar

page 288 note 5 Torday, in Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., lviii, p. 241 et seq.Google Scholar

page 289 note 1 Westermarck, , loc. cit., p. 504.Google Scholar

page 289 note 1 Northern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1924, no. 324, p. 10.Google ScholarSouth-West Africa. Proclamation No. 15, 1928, chap. 4.Google Scholar

page 290 note 1 Stannus, , Journ. R. Anthrop. Inst., xli, p. 310.Google Scholar

page 290 note 2 Statute Laws of Southern Rhodesia, p. 416.