Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-k7p5g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T18:54:42.668Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Religion of the Rupee: Materialist Encounters in North-West Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Abstract

This article examines the moral ambiguities of materialism that emerged with the coffee trade in north-west Tanganyika. The White Fathers, who played a prominent (often unintended) role in the growth of coffee markets, and the Haya villagers who became coffee farmers and traders alike understood the threat that commercial activity posed to non-commercial forms of value. The Fathers' attitude to the trade was often at odds with what they perceived as their evangelical mission; equally interesting are the ways this quandary shaped the attitudes and practices of the Haya people in the twentieth century. The article describes the White Fathers' anxieties about ‘civilisation’, then turns to the concerns of Haya farmers and traders as they developed in subsequent decades. The aim is to address the projects through which the moral ambiguities of the forms of materialism the coffee trade ushered in were—and were not—resolved, so as to illuminate the complex entanglement of colonisers and colonised.

Résumé

Cet article examine les ambiguïtés morales du matérialisme qui est apparu avec le commerce du café dans la région nord-ouest du Tanganyika. Les Pères Blancs, qui ont joué un rôle important (souvent involontaire) dans la croissance des marchés du café, et les habitants des villages hayas, devenus producteurs et négociants de café, ont compris que l'activité commerciale était une menace pour les formes de valeurs non-commerciales. L'attitude des Pères à l'égard de ce commerce était souvent en contradiction avec ce qu'ils percevaient comme leur mission évangélique; tout aussi intéressante était la manière dont ce dilemme a façonné les attitudes et les usages des Hayas au vingtième siècle. L'article décrit les fortes inquiétudes des Pères Blancs concernant la “civilisation”, avant de se tourner vers l'évolution des inquiétudes des producteurs et négociants hayas au cours des décennies suivantes. Le but est d'étudier les projets à travers lesquels les ambiguïtés morales des formes de matérialisme engendrées par le commerce du café ont été résolues—et non résolues—, afin d'éclairer l'imbroglio dans lequel se trouvaient les colonisateurs et les colonisés.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Austen, Ralph. 1968. Northwest Tanzania under German and British Rule: colonial policy and tribal politics, 1889–1939. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Austen, Ralph. n.d. ‘“Ich bin schwarzer Mann aber mein Herz ist deutsch”: Germano-phones and “Germannness” in colonial Cameroon and Tanzania’. Department of History, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Bakengesa, S. K. S. 1974. ‘An Historical Survey of the Coffee Industry in Bukoba District, 1932–54’. M.A. thesis, University of Dar es Salaam.Google Scholar
Beck, Roger B. 1989. ‘Bibles and beads: missionaries as traders in southern Africa in the early nineteenth century’, Journal of African History 30, 211–25.Google Scholar
Beidelman, Thomas O. 1982. Colonial Evangelism: a sociohistorical study of an East African mission at the grassroots. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Brumfit, Anne. 1980. ‘The rise and development of a language policy in German East Africa’, SUGIA: Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika 2, 219331.Google Scholar
Cesard, Edmund. 1937. ‘Le Muhaya (l';Afrique orientale)’, Anthropos 32 (1–2), 1560.Google Scholar
Comaroff, J., and Comaroff, J. 1991 Of Revelation and Revolution I, Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Comaroff, J., and Comaroff, J. 1997. Of Revelation and Revolution II, The Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Curtis, Kenneth. 1989. ‘Capitalism Fettered: state, merchant and peasant in northwestern Tanzania, 1917–60’. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of History, University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Eggert, Johanna. 1970. Missionsschule und sozialer Wandel in Ostafrika. Der Beitrag der deutschen evangelischen Missionsgesellschaften zur Entwicklung des Schulwesens in Tanganyika 1891–1939. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann.Google Scholar
Fabian, Johannes. 1991. Language and Colonial Power: the appropriation of Swahili in the former Belgian Congo, 1880–1938. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Friedman, J. 1994. ‘The political economy of elegance: an African cult of beauty’, in , Friedman (ed.), Consumption and Identity. Chur: Harwood.Google Scholar
Geiger, Susan. n.d. ‘Engendering and Gendering African Nationalism: rethinking the case of Tanganyika (Tanzania)’. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the African Studies Association, Chicago.Google Scholar
Glassman, Jonathon. 1995. Feasts and Riots: revelry, rebellion, and popular consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856–88. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Hartwig, Gerald. 1976. The Art of Survival in East Africa: the Kerebe and long-distance trade, 1800–1895. New York: Africana.Google Scholar
Hendrickson, Hildi (ed.). 1996. Clothing and Difference: embodied identities in colonial and post-colonial Africa. Durham NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Hyden, Goran. 1969. Political Development in Rural Tanzania: Tanu Yajenga Nchi. Nairobi: East African Publishing House.Google Scholar
Iliffe, John. 1979. A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jervis, T. S. 1939. ‘A history ofrobusta coffee in Bukoba’, Tanganyika Notes and Records 8, 4758.Google Scholar
Koponen, Juhani. 1988. People and Production in late Precolonial Tanzania. London: Coronet Books.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmoud. 1976. Politics and Class Formation in Uganda. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Martin, Phyllis. 1996. Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Middleton, John. 1992. The World of the Swahili: an African mercantile civilization. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Daniel. 1995. Modernity: an ethnographic approach. London: Berg Press.Google Scholar
Niesel, Hans-Joachim. 1971. Kolonialverwaltung und Missionen in Deutsch Ostafrika 1890–1914. Berlin: Freie Universitat.Google Scholar
Pels, Peter. 1999. A Politics of Presence: contacts between missionaries and Waluguru in late colonial Tanganyika. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic.Google Scholar
Rapports annuels, Société des missionaires d'Afrique (Pères Blancs). 19051910. première-sixième années. Maison Carrée (Algiers): Imprimerie des Missionaires d'Afrique.Google Scholar
Rehse, Hermann. 1910. Kiziba, its Land and People, trans. Mrs Denne, , n.p.Google Scholar
Reining, Priscilla. 1967. ‘The Haya: the agrarian system of a sedentary people’. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall. 1993. ‘Goodbye, Tristes tropiques: ethnography in the context of modern world history’, Journal of Modern History 65, 125.Google Scholar
Schama, Simon. 1988. The Embarrassment of Riches: an interpretation of Dutch culture in the Golden Age. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Speke, John. 1863. Journal ofthe Discoveryofthe Source ofthe Nile. Edinburgh: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Sundkler, Bengt. 1980. Bara Bukoba: church and community in Tanzania. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Weiss, Brad. 1996(a). The Making and Unmaking of the Haya lived World: consumption, commoditization and everyday practice. Durham NC and London: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Weiss, Brad. 1996(b). ‘Dressing at death: Haya adornment and atemporality’, in Hendrickson, H. (ed.), Clothing and Difference: embodied identities in colonial and post-colonial Africa, pp. 133–54. Durham NC and London: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Weiss, Brad. 1996(c). ‘Coffee breaks and coffee connections: the lived experience of a commodity in Tanzanian and European worlds’, in. Howes, D. (ed.), Crosscultural Consumption, pp. 93–105. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Weiss, Brad. Forthcoming. Sacred Trees, Bitter Harvests: globalizing coffee in northwest TanzaniaGoogle Scholar