^{page 254 note 1} 5,919 Europeans; 229,744 Africans; 1,378 Eurafricans (1956 Census).

^{page 254 note 2} For details see Marwick, B. A., The Swazi, Cambridge, 1940, pp. 288 ff.Google Scholar; Kuper, H., An African Aristocracy, London, O.U.P., 1947, pp. 54–71Google Scholar; Kuper, H., The Swazi, Ethnographic Survey of Africa (S.A. Part I), International African Institute, London, 1952, pp. 39 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 254 note 3} In this paper the term ‘Swazi Area’ is used to include three technically distinct categories of land: Native Areas, Lifa Land, and Native Land Settlement areas. In all these (with one or two small exceptions in the Native Land Settlements) land is held according to Swazi customary rules of tenure.

^{page 255 note 1} For details see Kuper, An African Aristocracy, pp. 20 ff.; H. J. R. Way, Mineral ownership as affecting mineral development in Swaziland. Special report No. 2 of the Swaziland Geological Survey Department, 1949.

^{page 255 note 2} Kuper, op. cit., pp. 30 ff.

^{page 255 note 3} Lifa could be directly translated in this context as ‘Inheritance, Heritage’.

^{page 256 note 1} It is now becoming increasingly common for special allocations to be made to individuals for timber plantations.

^{page 256 note 2} Kuper, op. cit., pp. 197 ff.; Marwick, op. cit., pp. 182 ff.; S. T. M. Sukati, The Incwala (Swaziland Government duplicated publication).

^{page 257 note 1} Kuper, op. cit., pp. 130–2.

^{page 257 note 2} The majority bad passed the Junior Certificate examination.

^{page 258 note 1} i.e. The traditional Swazi system.

^{page 258 note 2} Kubeka, to put or place. When used in this sense it refers to the customary legal process whereby Bantu ownership in à piece of arable or building land is transferred to an individual as the representative of the group of which he is the recognized head, normally the polygynous or elementary family.

^{page 258 note 3} i.e. security for à loan.

^{page 259 note 1} Kumemeza is the Zulu or Zunda form of the Swazi term kumemeta, which is used to designate the official (traditionally ‘shouted ’) summons to subjects to perform tribute labour.

^{page 259 note 2} The last three refer to occasions when Swazi are expected to come to the National capitals to render homage and tribute to the Ngwenyama, the Paramount Chief.

^{page 259 note 3} The Government.

^{page 260 note 1} The Paramount Chief.

^{page 260 note 2} One of the traditional tribute-labour gatherings.

^{page 260 note 3} Fields of the ‘great house ’, i.e. fields of the Nation or the chiefdom.

^{page 260 note 4} To go and join the regiments.

^{page 260 note 5} See p. 256 above.

^{page 260 note 6} The Paramount Chief.

^{page 260 note 7} See p. 257 above.

^{page 260 note 8} A subordinate political official; à deputy of either the Paramount Chief or of à local chief.

^{page 260 note 9} Normally written lusendvo in Swazi. The family group, or group of agnates who should be consulted in all matters which Swazi consider to be family business, as distinct from purely personal affairs.

^{page 261 note 1} i.e. for whom bridewealth cattle had been passed. At the present time this would involve, in à similar case, the man or his agnatic group producing at least 12 beasts for each marriage, making à total of 288 beasts for 24 wives. The bridewealth might be higher in cases where the women were of high rank.

^{page 262 note 1} See pp. 256–7 above.

^{page 263 note 1} See pp. 256–7 above.

^{page 263 note 2} Cf. Kuper, An African Aristocracy, pp. 197 ff.

^{page 266 note 1} i.e. the head of à homestead group.

^{page 269 note 1} Wilson, Monica, Good Company, O.U.P., London, 1951.Google Scholar

^{page 270 note 1} Cf. Mair, L. P., ‘The Contribution of Social Anthropology to the Study of Changes in African Land Rights ’, in Applied Anthropology, Athlone Press, London, 1957, p. 55.Google Scholar

^{page 270 note 2} Lord Hailey—Introduction to Meek, C. K., Land Law and Custom in the Colonies, London, 1956, p. xix.Google Scholar

^{page 270 note 3} Hailey, , An African Survey (1957 edition), London, pp. 685, 807.Google Scholar

^{page 271 note 1} Meek, op. cit., p. 1.

^{page 271 note 2} For à fuller analysis of the Buganda and Ciskei situations see Mair, op. cit., pp. 56 ff.

^{page 272 note 1} Hailey, op. cit., p. 811; Mukwaya, A. B., Land Tenure in Buganda, Nairobi, 1953.Google Scholar

^{page 272 note 2} Mills, M. E. Elton and Wilson, M., Land Tenure, Keiskammahoek Rural Survey, vol. iv, 1952, p. 57.Google Scholar

^{page 272 note 3} Ibid., p. 51.

^{page 272 note 4} One morgen is approximately acres. The figures given here refer to the situation in 1960.

^{page 273 note 1} I was unable to discover the exact position regarding ownership of this farm in terms of Western law. It it recorded in official records as belonging to ‘the so-and-so family’.

^{page 273 note 2} See pp. 256–7 and 262 above.

^{page 273 note 3} L. P. Mair, op. cit., pp. 60–61.

^{page 274 note 1} Conducted by the Institute for Social Research of the University of Natal, for the Swaziland Government.

^{page 274 note 2} i.e. the best agricultural techniques one could reasonably assume the majority could employ with their limited means, and with the possibility of raising à small amount of capital on the security of the holding itself.

^{page 275 note 1} Thus the Ngwenyama stated publicly, in connexion with the proposed formation of à new political party in Swaziland, that ‘the Swazi custom was for all matters to be brought to the Libandla (Council) for discussion, and for the proper position to be arrived at by all men putting their heads together…. If they [the organizers of the new party] had something good in their organization they should have brought it to the Council and discussed it with the other men, and perhaps convinced them of its benefits, when all could have gone forward together as Socialists.’ Times of Swaziland, 16 May 1959.

^{page 276 note 1} Report of the Commission of Enquiry into Discontent in the Mangwende Reserve, Southern Rhodesia Government, Salisbury, 1961, p. 35.Google Scholar