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TRANSNATIONAL ISLAM AND PUBLIC SPHERE DYNAMICS IN KWAZULU-NATAL: RETHINKING SOUTH AFRICA'S PLACE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN WORLD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2011

Abstract

Islam in KwaZulu-Natal has typically been seen as an Indian preserve and as closely linked with contestations around South African Indian identities. Against this background, dedication to Islam among Africans has appeared as exceptional, represented by groupings with particular histories of immigration from Mozambique, Malawi or Zambia. Since the 1970s, strong efforts have been made to extend the call of Islam to Africans in the province, as demonstrated in the mobilization efforts of the Islamic Propagation Centre International and the Muslim Youth Movement, and in the dawah projects of transnational Islamic NGOs like the World Assembly of Muslim Youth. Following the transition to democracy in 1994, Islam played an important role in establishing contacts between South Africans and the thousands of immigrants from other African countries – many of them with an Islamic background – who have been coming into KwaZulu-Natal. The essay discusses two different examples of Islamic practice in an African informal settlement on the outskirts of Durban, and demonstrates their different understandings of the relationship between Islam and African cultural ‘custom’. It places these differences of local theology and politics in the context of propagations of Islam as manifested in the writings of Ahmed Deedat and recent examples of pamphlet literature by African Muslims. It argues that understandings of Islam in KwaZulu-Natal as an African religion relate the area to the Indian Ocean world not only though links across the sea to South Asia, but also along the coast – bridging the gap between the Swahili continuum to the north and transnational Islam in the Cape.

Résumé

Au KwaZulu-Natal, l'islam est généralement perçu comme le domaine exclusif des Indiens et comme étant étroitement lié à la contestation sur l'identité indienne en Afrique du Sud. Dans ce contexte, le dévouement à l'islam chez les Africains est apparu exceptionnel, représenté par des groupes porteurs d'histoires d'immigration du Mozambique, du Malawi ou de la Zambie. Depuis les années 1970, des efforts importants ont été réalisés pour étendre l'appel à l'islam aux Africains de la province, comme en témoignent les efforts de mobilisation déployés par l'Islamic Propagation Centre International et le Muslim Youth Movement, ainsi que dans le cadre de projets de da'wa d'ONG islamiques transnationales comme la WAMY (Assemblée mondiale des jeunes musulmans). Au lendemain de la transition vers la démocratie en 1994, l'islam a joué un rôle important dans l’établissement de contacts entre les Sud-africains et les milliers d'immigrants d'autres pays d'Afrique (dont une majorité d'origine islamique) qui ont rejoint le KwaZulu-Natal. L'article examine deux exemples différents de pratique islamique dans un peuplement informel africain en périphérie de Durban, et met en évidence leur différence d'interprétation de la relation entre islam et « coutume » culturelle africaine. Il situe ces différences de théologie et de politique locale dans le contexte de la propagation de l'islam telle qu'elle s'est manifestée dans les écrits de Ahmed Deedat et dans des exemples récents de littérature pamphlétaire de musulmans africains. Il soutient que les interprétations de l'islam au KwaZulu-Natal en tant que religion africaine relient le monde de l'océan Indien non seulement à travers les liens transmaritimes avec l'Asie du Sud, mais également le long du littoral, en comblant l’écart entre le continuum swahili au Nord et l'islam transnational du.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2011

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