The Sotho of the North-Eastern Transvaal Lowveld occupy an area with fairly well-marked geographical boundaries. To the east, the Game Reserve, low-lying, unhealthy, very sparsely populated even in the old days, remains an effective barrier to contact with and further migrations from the Shangana-Tonga of Portuguese East Africa. South are the Olifants River and the towering Drakensberg range curving north-west then northwards to merge into the well-marked escarpment on the west dividing Lowveld from Highveld. On the north the Klein Letaba river roughly demarcates our area from the Venda and the Shangana-Tonga of the Knobnose Location. The Sotho-speaking Venda of Tswale and Moila, who fall well within this area, resemble in culture their Sotho-ized neighbours more than their own Venda kin to the north; but the Shangana- Tonga, who occupy most of the lower-lying eastern and north-eastern portion of the area and comprise at least one-third of its total population, are unassimilated strangers of different stock coming from the north-east and east. They have been entering since about 1840, usually in small bands, at first seeking the protection of and subjecting themselves to the Sotho owners of the land. On the arrival of the white man, some of their headmen were granted independent locations which have served as nuclei for the building up of more united tribal groups. (See accompanying map.)

L'aurès, le massif montagneux le plus élevé de l'Algérie, est situé à l'est de la grande trouée de Biskra, au nord du chott Melghir, à l'ouest de la grande dorsale tunisienne et au sud des plateaux de Constantine. C'est une région naturelle très nette, où un groupe berbère important est resté peu arabisé et encore moins européanisé.

The three chapters of this essay occupy less than fifty pages in a book which contains a thousand. This proportion may be taken as evidence of the way in which African education is commonly regarded, but it is no index of the value of the material. Much of the labour which Mr. Scott has expended on the collection of data must be regarded as ‘original research into specific problems of Education’ such as the Preface to the Year Book has in view. The importance of the article is that Mr. Scott has brought out the connexion between the general development of British Africa and what has been happening in education during the same period of history, and that he has given to the consideration of African education a new outlook and interpretation.

This is an account of property-holding among the Ciga, who live in the mountain highlands of western Uganda and northern Ruanda. When British dominion over them was established the Ciga were independent. They were even then resisting attempts at conquest from Ruanda, and were themselves pressing against their northern neighbours. Unlike most peoples of the region, the Ciga were not ruled by Hamitic overlords.

A Young man and a young woman of the same village or of divisions of the same village look and look at each other with shy glances. The young man is in love with the girl and the girl is in love with the young man. One day the young man will speak to the other young men in the onjango and say, Fellows, Ngandi's little daughter hurts me. Now then if I had said, After a few days I shall send you to propose a trial marriage to her, would it have been all right? Then the others will say, Yeah, old man, maybe you are talking nonsense; we thought that there was something between you, as you avoid each other; there is no hindrance, it is all right in that quarter, old fellow.