Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-7nlkj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-26T16:32:57.104Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Incentives, Governance, and Capacity Development in Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2016

Get access

Extract

When donors take the driver ‘s seat, Africans move to the back seat. When donors try to do the same thing in Vietnam, Vietnamese get out of the car.

—Anonymous

Africa’s brain drain to the North is part of a much larger story of the capacity-building challenges facing the continent. During the past 20 years African economies struggled through what are often referred to as the “lost decades.” The region’s economies have been characterized by dependence on economic aid and technical assistance. It is surmised that there are more expatriate “experts” in Africa now than at any time since independence. Technical assistance rose from US$1 billion in 1971 to US$4 billion in 1995. Africans themselves have, as the epigram suggests, taken the back seat, and the skilled ones among them have increasingly migrated abroad.

Type
Part II: Conceptualizing Capacity Building and the Brain Drain
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 2002 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1. Goran, Hyden, Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an Uncaptured Peasantry (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980)Google Scholar.

2. Bayart, Jean-Francois, The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly (London: Longman, 1993)Google Scholar.

3. Bates, Robert, Markets and States in Tropical Africa (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981)Google Scholar.

4. See Goldsmith, Arthur, “Institutions and Economic Growth in Africa,” in Restarting and Sustaining Growth and Development in Africa, ed. McPherson, Malcolm F., USAID, African Economic Policy Discussion Paper No. 28, 2001 Google Scholar; and Salvatore, Schiavo-Campo, “Reforming the Civil Service,” Finance and Development 43, no. 3 (1996): 1013 Google Scholar.

5. Liner, I. and Modi, J., “A Decade of Civil Service Reform,” working paper 97/179, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C., 1997 Google Scholar.

6. Bates, Robert and Krueger, Ane, eds., Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1993)Google Scholar.

7. Herbst, J., “The Structural Adjustment of Politics in Africa,” World Development 18 (1990): 7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

8. Hutchful, Eboe, “From ‘Revolution’ to Monetarism: The Economics and Politics of the Adjustment Programme in Ghana,” in Structural Adjustment in Africa, ed. Bonnie, Campbell and John, Loxley (London: Macmillan, 1988)Google Scholar.

9. Killick, Tony, Aid and the Political Economy of Policy Change (London: Routledge, 1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

10. Johnson, Chalmers, “Political Institutions and Economic Performance: The Government-Business Relationship in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan,” in The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism, ed. Deyo, F. (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1987), 136164 Google Scholar.

11. Saskia, Sassen, Embedding the Global in National: Implications for the Role of the State (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998)Google Scholar.

12. The marginalization of Africans from the reform process is illustrated by the fact that of the 113 public expenditure review exercises completed up to 1993, only three included local members on the review team, none of them in Africa where most exercises were done and where the ownership problem was most acute. See Berg, Elliot, “Why Aren’t Aid Organisations Better Learners?” in Learning in Development Co-operation, ed. Jerker, Carlsson and Lennart, Wohlgemuth (Stockholm: EGDI, 2000), 2540 Google Scholar.

13. World Bank, Partnerships for Capacity Building in Africa (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1996)Google Scholar.

14. Moses, Abramovitz, “Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind,” Journal of Economic History XLVI, no. 1 (1996): 406 Google Scholar.

15. Thandika, Mkandawire, “Non-Organic Intellectuals and ‘Learning’ in Policy-Making Africa,” in Learning in Development Co-operation, ed. Jerker, Carlsson and Lennart, Wohlgemuth (Stockholm: EGDI, 2000): 205212 Google Scholar.