The intense response to Götz Aly's recently published book, Hitlers Volksstaat: Raub, Rassenkrieg und nationaler Sozialismus, attests to the continued interest in studies related to Germany's “Jewish Question” and the forces that motivated German citizens to support National Socialism. The scholarship produced decades ago by Paul Massing, Peter Pulzer, Fritz Stern, and George Mosse and reenergized by Christopher Browning and Daniel Goldhagen in the 1990s has produced a rich and detailed analysis of the role that Jews occupied within the German national community. Not surprisingly, the origins and manifestations of anti-Semitism occupy center stage within this body of work, and less antagonistic relations between Jews and Gentiles in Germany receive scant attention. Studies that depict Gentile supporters of Jews and Judaism are virtually nonexistent. Alan Levenson's monograph, Between Philosemitism and Antisemitism, compels us to reconsider the continuum of attitudes toward Jews that existed in Germany from the establishment of the Kaiserreich to the advent of Nazism. The book's eight essays, all of which have been previously published, probe the limits of philosemitism within an anti-Semitic environment and flesh out the opposite end of the societal spectrum from those occupied by German anti-Semitism (xi).