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Peopling Landscapes between Villages in the Middle Gila River Valley of Central Arizona

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

E. Christian Wells ,
Glen E. Rice  and
John C. Ravesloot
E. Christian Wells
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
Glen E. Rice
Affiliation:
Office of Cultural Resource Management, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
John C. Ravesloot
Affiliation:
Cultural Resource Management Program, Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, AZ 85247
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Abstract

The prehistoric Hohokam conducted a great variety of activities in the spaces between their villages, including social gatherings and ceremonial observances as well as economic and subsistence practices. Recent full-coverage pedestrian survey along the middle Gila River in central Arizona indicates that nonresidential sites are more numerous and cover considerably greater area than residential settlements. Unfortunately, in the Hohokam region researchers are not always able to distinguish residential sites from activity areas based on features observable on the surface. In this study, quantitative measures of artifact density and diversity of surface collections from artifact scatters are used to distinguish residential sites from nonresidential sites. This is accomplished by assessing the extent to which their assemblages resemble artifact collections from known habitations, campsites, or specialized or diverse activity loci. Differences in artifact density and diversity enable many ambiguous artifact scatters to be classified into these general functional site types. Knowing the distribution of site types relative to elements of the natural and cultural landscapes can provide insight into past social and ecological or economic behaviors not offered by site-specific approaches. The study concludes that considering both the physical and cultural dimensions of landscapes significantly increases the research value of nonresidential sites for understanding the use and meaning of spaces between villages.

Resumen

Resumen

Los Hohokam prehistóricos llevaron a cabo una gran variedad de actividades en los espacios entre sus aldeas, incluyendo reuniones sociales y observancias ceremoniales así como prácticas económicas y de subsistencia. Reconocimientos recientes a lo largo del Río Gila medio en Arizona central indican que los sitios no residenciales son más numerosos que los residenciales, y cubren áreas considerablemente más grandes que estos asentamientos, desafortunadamente en la región Hohokam los investigadores no siempre pueden distinguir sitios residenciales de otras áreas de actividad con base en rasgos observables desde la superficie. En este estudio se utilizan medidas cuantitativas de la diversidad y densidad de los artefactos dispersos recolectados en la superficie, para distinguir sitios residenciales de aquellos no residenciales, y estimar a que conjuntos de artefactos de lugares con función conocida tales como: habitacionales, sitos campestres, o localidades de actividades diversas o especializadas se asemejan. Las diferencias en la densidad y diversidad de artefactos permiten clasificar colecciones ambiguas en estos tipos funcionales de sitios. Al entender la distribución de los tipos de sitio respecto a los elementos de los paisajes naturales y culturales, se puede proporcionar información sobre el comportamiento social, ecológico, y económico antiguo, que aproximaciones a sitios específicos no ofrecen. El estudio concluye que las consideraciones de las dimensiones físicas y culturales de los paisajes aumentan significativamente el valor de la investigación de sitios no residenciales para comprender el uso y el significado de los espacios entre las aldeas.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 69 , Issue 4 , October 2004 , pp. 627 - 652
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2004

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