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The Clovis Occupation of the Dietz Site (35LK1529), Lake County, Oregon, and its Bearing on the Adaptive Diversity of Clovis Foragers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ariane O. Pinson
Ariane O. Pinson*
Affiliation:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque District, 4101 Jefferson Plaza NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87109 (Ariane.Pinson@usace.army.mil)
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Abstract

Archaeological models of Clovis adaptations are divided between those that argue for a single hunting adaptation characterized by high residential mobility without fixed territories and those that argue for a diversity of environment-specific adaptations and settlement systems. The Dietz site (35LK1529), the largest Clovis site in the Pacific Northwest, is composed of many overlapping, spatially coherent artifact clusters from which 75 whole and fragmentary fluted points have been recovered. The artifact assemblage is inconsistent with use of the site as a kill, camp, or quarry site. Geoarchaeological data show that the site area during the Clovis occupation was a sparsely vegetated, seasonal playa that is unlikely to have supported large herds of game animals. However, the site sits astride what was probably a major transportation corridor linking highly productive ecosystems in the adjoining basins, and Clovis foragers appear to have camped at Dietz repeatedly while traveling between these nearby basins. The systematic and redundant use of a geographically small landscape by Clovis foragers is inconsistent with expectations based on a model of residentially mobile foragers occupying new territories.

Resumen

Resumen

Los modelos teóricos de la adaptación Clovis se dividen entre los que abogan por un solo tipo de adaptación basada en la caza, con una movilidad residencial alta y sin territorios fijos, por otro lado están los que contemplan una diversidad de adaptaciones y de sistemas de asentamiento específicos para cada tipo de medio ambiente. El sitio Dietz, el yacimiento Clovis más grande del Pacífico Noroeste de los Estados Unidos, está compuesto de varios estratos culturales con artefactos agrupados de manera coherente entre los que se han recuperado un total de 75 puntas de proyectil tipo Clovis (completas y fragmentadas). El conjunto no parece indicar el empleo del yacimiento como lugar de matanza, de campamento a largo plazo o de taller lítico. Los datos geomorfológicos indican que durante la ocupación Clovis el área tenía una vegetación pobre, con un estanque estacional que no podía abastecer grandes manadas de ungulados. Sin embargo, el sitio está ubicado en medio de un probable corredor que comunica a varios ecosistemas muy productivos en cuencas cercanas. Los cazadores-recolectores Clovis parecen haber acampado en Dietz de manera repetida durante sus trayectos entre dichas cuencas. El empieo sistemático y redundante de un pequeño paisaje por parte de las gentes Clovis no concuerda con las expectativas basadas en un modelo de forrajeros móviles que estaban en búsqueda de nuevos territórios de ocupación.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 76 , Issue 2 , April 2011 , pp. 285 - 313
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2011

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