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In Pursuit of Mobile Prey: Martu Hunting Strategies and Archaeofaunal Interpretation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Douglas W. Bird ,
Rebecca Bliege Bird  and
Brian F. Codding
Douglas W. Bird
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Bldg. 50, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2034 (dwbird@stanford.edu)
Rebecca Bliege Bird
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Bldg. 50, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2034 (rbird@stanford.edu)
Brian F. Codding
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Bldg. 50, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2034 (bcodding@stanford.edu)
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Abstract

By integrating foraging models developed in behavioral ecology with measures of variability in faunal remains, zooarchaeological studies have made important contributions toward understanding prehistoric resource use and the dynamic interactions between humans and their prey. However, where archaeological studies are unable to quantify the costs and benefits associated with prey acquisition, they often rely on proxy measures such as prey body size, assuming it to be positively correlated with return rate. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze the results of 1,347 adult foraging bouts and 649 focal follows of contemporary Martu foragers in Australia's Western Desert. The data show that prey mobility is highly correlated with prey body size and is inversely related to pursuit success—meaning that prey body size is often an inappropriate proxy measure of prey rank. This has broad implications for future studies that rely on taxonomic measures of prey abundance to examine prehistoric human ecology, including but not limited to economic intensification, socioeconomic complexity, resource sustainability, and overexploitation.

Résumé

Résumé

Mediante la integración de modelos de forrajeo de la ecología del comportamiento con las medidas de variabilidad en restos de fauna, estudios zooarqueológicos se han realizado importantes contribuciones para entender la prehistoria del uso de los recursos y las interacciones dinámicas entre los seres humanos y sus presas. Sin embargo, cuando los estudios arqueológicos no están en condiciones de cuantificar los costes y beneficios asociados con la adquisición de presas, a menudo dependen de parámetros de sustitución como presas tamaño corporal, suponiendo que se observa una correlación positiva con la tasa de retorno. Para examinar esta hipótesis, se analizan los resultados de 1,347 episodios de forrajeo y 649 focales de la siguiente de Martu, contemporáneo cazadores-recolectores en Australia del Desierto Occidental. Los datos muestran que la movilidad de presa se encuentra altamente correlacionado con el tamaño corporal presa y está en relación inversa a alcanzar el éxito-lo que significa que el tamaño corporal presas es a menudo una medida inadecuada representación de presa rango. Esto tiene amplias implicaciones para los estudios futuros que se basan en medidas taxonómica de la abundancia de presas para estudiar la ecología humana prehistórica, incluyendo pero no limitado a la intensificación económica, socio-económica complejidad, la sostenibilidad de los recursos, y la explotación excesiva.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 74 , Issue 1 , January 2009 , pp. 3 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2009

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