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The Privy Council on the Qualifications of Belligerents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2017

R. R. Baxter
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Notes and Comments
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American Journal of International Law , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , April 1969 , pp. 290 - 296
Copyright
Copyright © The American Society of International Law 1969

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References

1 6 U. S. Treaties 3316, T.I.A.S., No. 3364, 76 U.N. Treaty Series 135; 47 A.J.I.L. Supp. 119 (1953).

2 [1968] 2 W.L.E. 715 (P.O.).

3 E.g., Lee Hoo Boon v. Public Prosecutor, [1966] 2 Malayan Law Journal 167.

4 Ooi Hee Koi v. Public Prosecutor, ibid, at 183.

5 No Protecting Power had been designated by either party to the conflict.

6 [1968] 2 W.L.E. 723-724.

7 2 Oppenheim, International Law 268 (7th ed., H. Lauterpacht, 1952).

8 [1968] 2 W.L.R. 726.

9 Citing In re Tamashita, 327 TJ. S. 1 (1946), 40 A.J.I.L. 432 (1946).

10 Wilhelm, René-Jean, “Peut-on modifier le statut des prisonniers de guerre!” 35 Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 681, 684 (1953)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

11 Ibid 68.

12 [1968] 2 W.L.E. 728.

13 Teo Boon Chai v. Public Prosecutor.

14 [1968] 2 W.L.E. 731, 732-734.

15 Ibid, at 734.

16 Their Lordships also advised that the convictions on the charges of consorting with persons in unauthorized possession of firearms should not be allowed to stand. The persons with whom the accused consorted were members of the Indonesian armed forces, and the Internal Security Act could not be read to extend to such “members of regular forces fighting in enemy country.” [1968] 2 W.L.E. 729.

17 Tan Hua Lam v. Public Prosecutor, [1966] 1 Malayan Law Journal 147, 148-149.

18 [1968] 3 A l l E.E. 488 (P.C.).

19 Ibid, at 493.

20 36 Stat. 2277, Treaty Series No. 539; 2 A.J.I.L. Supp. 97 (1908).

21 J. M. Spaight, War Eights on Land (1911); 2 Oppenheim, International Law (7th ed., H. Lauterpacht, 1952); Baxter, E. E., “So-called ‘Unprivileged’ Belligerency: Spies, Guerrillas and Saboteurs,” 28 Brit. Yr. Bk. Int. Law 323 (1951)Google Scholar; Julius Stone, Legal Controls of International Conflict (1954); and J. de Preux, Commentary on Geneva Convention III relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (J. S. Pictet ed., 1960).

22 Part III, The Law of War on Land, par. 96 (1958).

23 Field Manual 27-10, par. 74 (1956).

24 317 U. S. 1 (1942); 37 A.J.I.L. 152 (1943).

25 Legal Controls of International Conflict 549 (1954).

26 [1968] 3 All E.E. 497.

27 Ibid.

28 R. R. Baxter, “ T h e Municipal and International Law Basis of Jurisdiction over War Crimes,” 28 Brit. Tr. Bk. Int. Law 382, 383-385 (1951)

29 New York Times, Oct. 19, 1968, p. 2, col. 4; The Economist, Oct. 26, 1968, p. 37.