No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Pensions for Public Employees
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 September 2013
Extract
During 1918–20 twenty-four states enacted some form of pension legislation for public officials and employees. Congress established a retirement system for civil service employees. Various Canadian provinces, several British colonial governments, and a few European states legislated in favor of civil pensions.
In the United States this recent activity is the culmination of a half century of agitation, experimentation and controversy in the matter of civil pensions, whether national, state, county or municipal. Private pensions in various American industries have doubtless favorably influenced the development of government pensions.
This development has resulted in the use of many conflicting definitions of the term “pension.” Due to some aversion to that word, many confusing substitute terms have been used such as: retirement system, vocational insurance, deferred pay, indefinite leave of absence, retiring salary, graduated bonus, gratuity, annuity, superannuation allowance, service relief, old age assurance, provident fund, actuarial equivalent, and public officers' guarantee fund. As used in this article the term civil pension is intended to imply a regular allowance granted to a person for that person's maintenance or the maintenance of one or more persons dependent on the pensioner, that allowance being usually paid in consideration of the pensioner's meritorious services to the grantee; but it may be granted as a deferred wage or salary, as an annuity or as a form of regularly paid charity without reference to any consideration of gratuity, of wages, or of deferred dividends.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © American Political Science Association 1921
References
1 Report of the Pension Funds of the City of New York, pt. 3, p. 11.
2 Ibid., pt. 2, p. 3.
3 Ibid., p. 1.
4 Report of the New York Commission on Pensions (1920).
5 Ibid.
6 See American Political Science Review, Vol. 12, p. 267.
7 New Jersey, Joint Resolution No. 3 (1918).
8 Wisconsin Acts (1919), ch. 514.Google Scholar
9 Report of the Milwaukee Pension Laws Commission (1920).
10 Report of the Massachusetts Legislative Joint Special Committee on Pensions (1921), p. 9.
11 Report of the Massachusetts Legislative Joint Special Committee on Pedsions (1921), p. 9.
12 Ibid., p. 51.
13 Studensky, , Teachers' Pension Systems in the United States, p. 136.Google Scholar
14 Meriam, , Principles governing the Retirement of Public Employees, pp. 325–326.Google Scholar
15 Report of the Massachusetts Legislative Joint Special Committee on Pensions (1921), p. 43.
16 Ibid., p. 46.
17 Minnesota Session Laws (1919), ch. 430, p. 504.Google Scholar
18 New York Session Laws (1919), pp. 1161, 1505.Google Scholar
19 New York Session Laws (1920), pp. 427, 1056.Google Scholar
20 New Jersey Session Laws (1919), ch. 109, p. 260.Google Scholar
21 Illinois Session Laws (1919), p. 700.Google Scholar
22 Massachusetts Session Laws (1920), ch. 79, p. 131.Google Scholar
23 Oregon Acts (1919), ch. 277, p. 453.Google Scholar
24 New Jersey Session Laws (1920), ch. 160, p. 325.Google Scholar
25 Massachusetts Session Laws (1920), ch. 60, p. 39.Google Scholar
26 Kentucky Acts (1920), ch. 28, p. 110.Google Scholar
27 Oklahoma Session Laws (1919), ch. 1, p. 1.Google Scholar
28 Missouri Session Laws (1910), p. 582.Google Scholar
29 Kansas Acts (1919), ch. 116, p. 161.Google Scholar
30 Illinois Session Laws (1919), p. 743.Google Scholar
31 Minnesota Session Laws (1919), ch. 68, p. 68.Google Scholar
32 Utah Session Laws (1919), ch. 45, p. 108.Google Scholar
33 Montana Session Laws (1919), ch. 66, p. 127.Google Scholar
34 Washington Session Laws (1919), ch. 196, p. 668.Google Scholar
35 Connecticut Acts (1919), ch. 277, pp. 29–48.Google Scholar
36 Minnesota Session Laws (1919), ch. 152.Google Scholar
37 California Acts (1919), p. 101.Google Scholar
38 Wisconsin Acts (1919), ch. 262, p. 284.Google Scholar
39 Massachusetts Acts (1919), ch. 115, p. 78.Google Scholar
40 Maryland Session Laws (1920), ch. 69, p. 130.Google Scholar
41 Iowa Session Laws (1919), ch. 344, p. 447.Google Scholar
42 California Acts (1919), ch. 373, p. 782.Google Scholar
43 Oregon, Acts (1919), ch. 268, p. 444.Google Scholar
44 New York Session Laws (1918), p. 1003.Google Scholar
45 Pennsylvania Session Laws (1919), No. 100, p. 138.Google Scholar
46 New Jersey Session Laws (1918), ch. 164, p. 489.Google Scholar
47 Massachusetts General Acts (1918), ch. 104, p. 79.Google Scholar
48 Nova Scotia Statutes (1918), ch. 22, p. 592.Google Scholar
49 New York Session Laws (1919), ch. 207, p. 798.Google Scholar
50 Ibid. (1920), ch. 794, p. 19134.
51 Ibid. (1918), ch. 508, sec. 117, p. 1627.
52 Ibid. (1920), ch. 741, p. 1806 ff.
53 Connecticut Session Laws (1919), ch. 210, p. 2867.Google Scholar
54 Maine, Public Acts (1919), ch. 38, p. 35.Google Scholar
55 New Jersey Session Laws (1919), ch. 153, p. 340.Google Scholar
56 Massachusetts Acts (1920), ch. 304, p. 321.Google Scholar
57 New York Session Laws (1920), ch. 725, p. 1784.Google Scholar
58 Newfoundland Statutes (1919), ch. 39, p. 117.Google Scholar
59 Statutes of Quebec (1920), ch. 22, p. 69.
60 Ordinance of Province of the Cape of Good Hope (1918), p. 56.
61 Illinois Session Laws (1919), p. 413–14.Google Scholar
62 New Jersey Law Reports, Vol. 81, p. 135.Google Scholar
63 Maryland Acts (1920), ch. 447, p. 154.Google Scholar
64 Rico, PortoStatutes (1919), No. 7, p. 110.Google Scholar
65 Statutes of the U. S., 66th Cong., 2nd Session, ch. 195, p. 614.
Comments
No Comments have been published for this article.