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Safeguarding American Neutrality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

James Simsarian
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Extract

Legislative safeguards for the preservation of the neutrality of the United States enacted by Congress in the fall of 1939 immediately took on added significance as the sea warfare of the belligerent powers in Europe increased in intensity. The many losses of neutral as well as belligerent vessels due to unanchored mines, submarine attacks, and other activity confirmed the prevalent opinion in the United States that the withdrawal of American persons, vessels, aircraft, and cargoes from the area of combat in the waters of northern and western Europe was a wise move. The seizure by British warships of cargoes from German ports or of German origin or ownership, although carried on neutral vessels, added to the dangers to which neutral shipping was exposed.

Type
International Affairs
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 1940 , pp. 105 - 109
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1940

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References

1 Public Resolution No. 54, 76 Cong., 2 Sess. (1939).

The neutrality laws enacted during recent years may be found in 49 Stat. at Large 1081 (1935), 49 ibid. 1152 (1936), and 50 ibid. 121 (1937), U.S.C.A., Vol. 22, secs. 245a–245i (Supp. 1938). For an analysis of these three laws, see Simsarian, James, “American Neutrality,” National Lawyers' Guild Quarterly, Vol. 2, pp. 193–204 (Oct., 1939).Google Scholar

2 Federal Register, Vol. 4, pp. 4493 and 4495.

3 For regulations governing the solicitation and collection of contributions for use in belligerent countries, issued by the Secretary of State on Nov. 7, 1939, see ibid., pp. 4510–4511.

4 For regulations governing the international traffic in munitions, issued by the Secretary of State on Nov. 7, 1939, see ibid., pp. 4512–4522 and 4523.

5 Cong. Rec., Vol. 85, pp. 127–129 (1939).

6 Several exceptions to these sweeping prohibitions were contained in Section 2, but were of no relative significance.

7 Cong. Rec., Vol. 85, pp. 1281–1293 (1939).

8 Ibid., pp. 1293–1300.

9 Ibid., pp. 1299–1300.

10 Ibid., pp. 1302–1303.

11 Federal Register, Vol. 4, p. 4495.

12 For regulations governing travel by American citizens on belligerent vessels, signed by the Acting Secretary of State on Nov. 17, see ibid., p. 4640.

13 Hyde, C. C., International Law Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied by the United States (Boston, 1922), Vol. 2, p. 485.Google Scholar

14 The study of “Rights and Duties of Neutral States in Naval and Aërial War,” completed last year by the Harvard Research in International Law, with ProfessorJessup, Philip C. as reporter, and published in the American Journal of International Law, Vol. 33, pp. 167–817 (Supp., July, 1939)Google Scholar, would be of indispensable assistance to a committee appointed by Congress to examine questions with regard to neutrality.

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