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The Early Period of Anglo-hungarian Contact

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

John Kosa
John Kosa*
Affiliation:
Sir George Williams College, Montreal
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Extract

During the middle ages, England and Hungary represented the two extreme ends of the Christian world, and the scholarly ties connecting the two countries were rather incidental for many centuries. At that time, the University of Paris was the furthest destination of Hungarian students and only a few of them crossed the Channel.

Humanists, however, enhanced the number and range of wandering scholars. They overcame many a geographical barrier and established connections between countries which heretofore had been isolated in the primitive conditions of medieval times.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Slavic and East European Review , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , October 1954 , pp. 414 - 431
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1954

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References

1 Anglo-Hungarian relations were, unfortunately enough, neglected during the research work on the history of Hungarian humanism. The important studies in this field are published in the 5 volumes of the Angol Filológiai Tanulmányok (English Philological Studies, published by the English Department of the University of Budapest), particularly the papers of Eva Róna and Pál Berg. Concerning the diplomats cf. Ernő Simonyi, Magyar történelmi okmánytár londoni könyv—és levéltárakból (Hungarian Historical Documents from English Libraries and Archives) (Pest, 1859); David Angyal, “Erdély politikai érintkezese Angliával“ (Political Connections between Transylvania and England), Századok (1900); and Sándor Márki, “Cromwell és Erdély” (Cromwell and Transylvania), Erdélyi Museum (1901). Concerning Budai Parmenius see Piványi, Jenő, Hungarian-American Historical Connections (Budapest, 1927).Google Scholar

2 Zoványi, Jenő, Puritánus mozgalmak a magyar református egyházban (Puritanism in the Hungarian Reformed Church) (Budapest, 1911);Google Scholar József Bodonhelyi, Az angol puritanizmus lelki élete és magyar hatásai (The Spiritual Life and Hungarian Influences of English Puritanism) (Debrecen, 1942).

3 Concerning literary connections see Pál Berg's very valuable book, Angol hatások tizenhetedik századi irodalmunkban (English Influences upon Hungarian Literature during the Seventeenth Century) (Budapest, 1946). Cf. our criticism with supplemental data, Egyetemes Philologiai Közlöny (1948), pp. 123–26.

4 Kvacsala, János, “Egy félszázad a magyarországi philosophia történetéből“ (Fifty Years from the History of Philosophy in Hungary), Budapesti Szemle (1891).Google Scholar

5 Kvacsala, János, “Egy àlpróféta a XVII.-ik században”Google Scholar (A False Prophet in the Seventeenth Century), Századok (1889), and “Az angol-magyar erinkezesek történetéhez” (Contributions to the History of Anglo-Hungarian Connections), Századok (1892); Rácz, Lajos, Comenius Sárospatakon (Comenius at the School of Sárospatak) (Budapest, 1931)Google Scholar; John Kósa, II. Rákoczi György (György Rákóczi II., Prince of Transylvania) (Budapest, n.d.).

6 Hessels, J. H., Ecclesiae Londino-Bataviae Archivum (Cambridge, 1887–97), 3 vols.Google Scholar

7 The rich literature on Faludi rather neglected his English connections, but cf. Rezső Gálos, “Faludi Ferenc Shakespeare meséje” (A Shakespearean Tale in Faludi's Work), Budapest! Szemle (1932).

8 Sándor Eckhardt, A francia forradalom eszmei Magyarorszdgon (The Ideas of the French Revolution in Hungary) (Budapest, n.d.).

9 Concerning Locke's pedagogy cf. Julia Fischer, A nevelés gondolata Bessenyei Gy. munkdiban (The Pedagogical Ideas of György Bessenyei) (Szeged, 1934).

10 Horváth, Jenő, Genève et la Hongrie—Élaboration d'un système constitutionel (Budapest, 1938)Google Scholar; István Szászy, “Werbőczy ás a magyar magánjog” (Verbőczi and the Hungarian Civil Law) in the volume Werbőczy Istvan (Kolozsvár, 1942); Jancsó, Elemér, Aranka György (Kolozsvár, 1939)Google Scholar; John Kósa, “Adalékok gr. Török Lajos irodalmi munkásságahoz” (The Literary Activity of Count Lajos Török), Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények (1948).

11 Berzeviczy, Aladár, Aus den Lehr-und W under jahren eines ungarischen Edelmamies (Leipzig, 1897)Google Scholar; Gaal, Jenö, Berzeviczy Gergely élete és miivei (The Life and Works of Gergely Berzeviczy) (Budapest, 1902), 2 vols.Google Scholar

12 The author has prepared a more detailed study on the Anglo-Hungarian relations in the eighteenth century. Its summary was presented, as a lecture, at the Philological Society of Budapest (1947); and a chapter of it was published in the review Századunk (1948). Owing to political circumstances, the complete text of the study has not been published.

13 Rapaics, Raymund, “The English Park Style in Hungary,” Hungarian Quarterly (1936).Google Scholar

14 Tóth, Béla, Magyar anekdótakincs (A Treasure House of Hungarian Anecdotes) (Budapest, n.d.), III, 321–22Google Scholar. This version of the international anecdote motive turns up in the contemporary works of Adolf Frankenburg, Mór Jókai and Frigyes Podmaniczky.

15 Cf. Versény, György, “Csokonai ‘Dorottyá-’ ja és Pope ‘Fürtrablás-’ a.”Google Scholar (The “Dorottya” of Csokonai and “The Rape of the Lock” of Pope), Irodalomtörteneti Közlemények (1898).

16 Bertothy, Ilona, Dugonics és Barclay (Dugonics and Barclay) (1909).Google Scholar

17 Remenyi, Jóseph, “József Katona,” Bulletin, National Theatre Conference (1949).Google Scholar

18 Cf. the 8 volumes of the Magyar Shakespeare-Tár (Hungarian Studies on Shakespeare); further József Bayer, Shakespeare drámdi hazánkban (Shakespeare's Plays in Hungary) (Budapest, 1909), 2 vols.; Cászár, Elemér, Shakespeare es a magyar kolteszet (Shakespeare and the Hungarian Literature) (Budapest, 1917)Google Scholar; and Péter Pósa, Shakespeare-kultusz hazánkban, 1900–1920 (Shakespeare's Hungarian Posterity, 1900–1920) (Debrecen, 1942).

19 The study of Anglo-Hungarian philological relations was initiated by Sándor Fest and the result of his studies is summarized in his book Angol irodalmi hatások hazánkban Széchenyi István fellépéséig (English Literary Influences upon Hungary up to the Time of Istvan Széchenyi) (Budapest, 1917). Further cf. Henri Tronchon, “Esquisse d'introduction à une bibliographic critique de l'influence anglaise en Hongrie,” Revue des Études Hongroises (1928); János Zentai, A magyarországi nemetség angol müveltsége (English Literature and the Germans of Hungary) (Budapest, 1942); Sándor Mailer, Ossian Magyarországon (Ossian in Hungary) (1940); Gizella Dedinszky, Petőfi és Burns (Petőfi and Burns) (Budapest, 1932); József Wilier, Byron és a modern magyar eposz (Byron and the Modern Hungarian Epic) (n.d.), n.p.; László Jakabffi, Az angol irodalom és a Vörösmarty-Bajza-Toldy triász (English Literature and the Circle of Vörösmarty, Bajza and Toldy) (1942); Irma László, Arany Janos angol irodalmi kapcsolatai (The English Literary Connections of János Arany) (1932).

20 Makay, Attila, Gróf Dessewffy József angol irodalmi müveltsége (Count József Dessewffy and the English Literature) (Debrecen, 1941).Google Scholar

21 See the thorough analysis of Béla Iványi Grünwald (in his introduction to the edition of Széchenyi's Hitel [Credit], Budapest, 1930); further Sándor Fest, “Economic Connections between Great Britain and Hungary during the Age of Reform,” Danubian Review (1935); Anthony Éber, “Count Stephen Széchenyi and England,” Hungarian Quarterly (1936); Vernon Duckworth Barker, “Szechenyi and his ‘English Bridge,'” Hungarian Quarterly (1938); Alexander Baumgarten, “Széchenyi and English Literature,” Hungarian Quarterly (1941–42).