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The Forgotten Ambassadors: Russian Fiction in Victorian England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Extract

Surely we may reckon as remarkable the English cultism for Tolstoy and Dostoevsky, which reached a high level before traditionalism reasserted itself; but fully as remarkable were the ambassadors, now largely forgotten, who mediated between Russian and English cultures, and who, in part, were responsible for the popularity of several Russian novelists in Victorian England. As a footnote to history, this review of their accomplishments can be brief, but I believe it deserves to be appended somewhere in the still-continuing story of the assessment of values in comparative literature. In the belief that we may see best their mode of operation in terms of a specific individual, I have chosen a figure about whom relatively little has been written by English or American scholars during the last two decades: Maxim Gorky.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1953

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References

1 Smith, J. Allan, “Tolstoy's Fiction in England and America,” unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of English, University of Illinois, 1939; Antonina Yassukovitch, ed., Tolstoy in English, 1878–1929 (New York, 1929); Muchnic, Helen, Dostoyevsky's English Reputation, 1881–1936, “Smith College Studies in Modern Languages,” XX (Northampton, Mass., April and July, 1939), passim.Google Scholar

2 Mackenzie, Compton, Literature in My Time(London, 1933), p. 150.Google Scholar

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9 Foma Gordyeeff (1901) was followed by Three Men: A Novel (1902) and Three of Them (1902). By 1905 a popular edition of Foma Gordyeeff came out as The Man Who Was Afraid. The Individualists (1906, reprinted in 1907), Comrades (1907, reprinted in 1915), The Spy (1908, reprinted in 1915), Hours Spent in Prison (1908), and at least ten collections of short stories, as well as the first installment of his autobiography, and several of his plays, helped to make Gorky a well-known name in England.

10 Turner, Charles Edward, Studies in Russian Literature (London, 1882), pp. v-vi.

11 Morrill, William Richard, “Literature,” Academy, XXXIV (December 8, 1888), 364.Google Scholar

12 Within a decade Alexander Porter Goudy became the Russian lecturer at Cambridge, and a knowledge of the Russian language and of Russian literature became part of the examination for the Medieval and Modern Language Tripos at that institution.

13 Wiener, Leo, Professor of Slavonic Languages and Literature at Harvard, at the time was preparing a translation of Tolstoy's complete works.

14 Bates, H. E., Edward Garnett (London, 1950), p. 31.Google Scholar