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II. The Low Countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Gordon Griffiths*
Affiliation:
Lawrence College, Appleton, Wisconsin

Extract

The contest between monarchy and representative institutions had a unique outcome in the Netherlands in the sixteenth century as a result of several factors. The most obvious of these is the fact that their rulers had inherited a royal title in Castile and Aragon. The financial and administrative institutions of the modern state which the monarchs attempted to introduce into their possessions in the Low Countries were therefore bound to be regarded as foreign importations. They conflicted with the representative institutions which had grown up in the Netherlands as elsewhere in Europe during the Middle Ages. The chief of these, the Estates-General, continued to flourish in the Low Countries long after they had entered upon hopeless decline in France and Spain. Moreover, the wealth of the Low Countries, industrially, commercially, and financially the most advanced region of sixteenth-century Europe, made them an attractive target for the Hapsburg bureaucracy, harried as it was by the gargantuan task of financing the wars of Charles V and Philip II.

Type
Representative Institutions in the Spanish Empire in the Sixteenth Century
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1956

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References

1 Juste, Théodore, Histoire des états-généraux des Pays-Bas, 1465–1790 (2 vols.; Brussels, 1864), I, 37.Google Scholar

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8 “The financial system of medieval England, though not so full of abuses as that of France, was almost equally inefficient and stationary. The greatest boon which the Commonwealth conferred upon England was the abolition of the antiquated methods of taxation, and the institution of a system which … had the supreme merit of making the national revenue proportional to the nation’s wealth.” It helps explain England’s victory in the second Hundred Years’ War to recall “the vast superiority of her financial administration, which enabled her to defray with comparative ease an expenditure which reduced her rival to exhaustion and despair” (Richard Lodge, Richelieu [London, 1896], p. 178).

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11 Juste, op. cit., pp. 57–58.

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19 No such power was held by the English parliament, however important its role in the sixteenth century, because the taxes it voted were collected by royal agents (Dietz, op. cit., p. 162).

20 Gachard, , Lettre à MM. les Questeurs de la Chambre des Représentants sur les documents concernant les anciennes assemblees nationales de la Belgique (Brussels, 1841)Google Scholar. The statistics are taken from his list of Estates-General.

21 Arnould, loc. cit., p. 25.

22 Juste, op cit., I, 95.

23 Ibid., I, 107, n. 1, quoting their July 29 remonstrance to the regent.

24 Ibid., I, 439.

25 In some but not all provinces, the first two Estates were customarily exempt (Arnould, he. cit., p. 39).

26 Ibid., p. 41.

27 Alva to the king, Brussels, 7 March, 1569, in Correspondance de Philippe II, II, 69.Google Scholar

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