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The Impact of the Wars of Independence on the Institutional Life of the New Kingdom of Granada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

José M. Capdequí
José M. Capdequí*
Affiliation:
Benimodo, Spain
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Extract

In the following study we are presenting, as a supplement to our latest book, Las Instituciones del Nuevo Reino de Granada al tiempo de la independencia, a documentary study on the repercussions which the wars of independence had upon the institutional life of the provinces of New Granada that were still in the hands of the Spanish.

Many of the documents which are cited here show us the innermost idéas of the Spanish leaders in those difficult days when so many institutions were crumbling not only overseas but in Spain itself. By comparing documents concerning the metropolis and the colony, we can gain a fairly good idea of the institutional comings and goings, the efforts to obtain regularity in the functioning of the various governmental bureaus, and the useless attempts to control the uncontrollable.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Americas , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , October 1960 , pp. 111 - 198
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1960

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References

* Translated and edited by Mathias C. Kiemen, O. F. M. Sufficient bibliographical information concerning the independence movment in Colombia and Venezuela can be found in the small books of the Program on the History of America, under the general editorship of Silvio Zavala, published by the Commission on History of the Pan American Institute of Geography and History; see especially Carmen Velázquez, María del, México. Centro América y Antillas (Mexico, 1953)Google Scholar and Salas, Eugenio Pereira, América del Sur (México, 1956).Google Scholar See also Las Actas de Independencia de América, edited by Malagón, Javier, with preliminary study by Griffin, Charles C. (Washington, 1954).Google Scholar

1 Archivo Nacional de Colombia, section entitled “Cabildos,” Tom. III, fol. 734; this archive will hereafter be cited as ANC, with roman numerals signifying “tome” and arabic “folio.”

2 ANC, Virreyes, I, 364.

3 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 551.

4 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 705.

5 ANC, ibid., XL, 256.

6 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXV, 162v. (Translator’s Note: Here and elsewhere, where-ever technical terms are used, the original Spanish is given.)

7 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 40.

8 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 793.

9 ANC, ibid., XL, 804.

10 ANC, ibid., XL, 820.

11 ANC, ibid., XL, 838v.

12 ANC, ibid., XLII, 519.

13 ANC, ibid., XLII, 649.

14 ANC, ibid., XLII, 809.

15 ANC, ibid., XLII, 812.

16 ANC, ibid., XXXVII, 571.

17 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 675.

18 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 265.

19 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 125.

20 ANC, ibid., XL, 540.

21 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 639, 654.

22 Royal cedula of February 6, 1815; ANC, ibid., XLI, 4.

23 ANC, ibid., XLI, 133.

24 ANC, ibid., XLI, 28.

25 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVIII, 2.

26 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 792.

27 ANC, ibid., XLI, 594.

28 ANC, ibid., XLII, 345.

29 ANC, ibid., XLII, 366.

30 ANC, ibid., XLI, 624.

31 ANC, ibid., XLII, 641.

32 ANC, ibid., XXXVII, 419.

33 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 589.

34 ANC, ibid., XLI, 756.

35 ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XCI, 477.

36 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 434.

37 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 489.

38 ANC, ibid., XLII, 276.

39 ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XCI, 540.

40 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 778.

41 ANC, ibid., XLII, 778.

42 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 535.

43 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 463.

44 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 463.

45 ANC, ibid., XL, 852. [Editor’s Note: The author is showing that New Granada was fluctuating between being a viceroyalty and a captaincy general.]

46 ANC, ibid., XLI, 102.

47 ANC, ibid., XLI, 752.

48 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 550.

49 Royal order of November 23, 1811. ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 695.

50 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVII, 821.

51 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 854.

52 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 416.

53 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 454.

54 ANC, ibid., XL, 258.

55 ANC, ibid., XL, 477.

56 Royal order of August 23, 1814. ANC, ibid., XL, 829.

57 November 19, 1814. ANC, ibid., XL, 876.

58 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 430.

59 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIII, 415.

60 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXIX, 472.

61 ANC, ibid., XL, 850.

62 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVII, 901.

63 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXX, 19.

64 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 529v.

65 ANC, ibid., XLI, 591.

66 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXI, 70.

67 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 924.

68 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 972.

69 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 76.

70 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 608, 747, 97, 110; XXXI, 385.

71 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 300.

72 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 46.

73 ANC, ibid., XLII, 340.

74 ANC, ibid., XLII, 529.

75 Royal Order of September 21, 1817. ANC, ibid., XLII, 425.

76 ANC, ibid., XLI, 649v.

77 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVIII, 888. [Editor’s Note: The above paragraph, originally containing many more details, has been summarized by the translator.]

78 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 629v.

79 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 264.

80 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXI, 213.

81 ANC, ibid., XXI, 346. [Translator’s Note: I have taken the liberty of shortening and summarizing five paragraphs of the original into the above paragraph.]

82 ANC, ibid., XXI, 354. August 19, 1812.

83 ANC, ibid., XXI, 325.

84 ANC, ibid., XXI, 364.

85 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXI, 429.

86 ANC, ibid., XXIII, 831.

87 ANC, ibid., XXI, 401.

88 ANC, ibid., XXI, 392.

89 ANC, ibid., XXIV, 87.

90 ANC, ibid., XXI, 335.

91 ANC, ibid., XXI, 418. [Translator’s Note: The text was summarized here and shortened considerably.]

92 ANC, ibid., XXI, 455.

93 ANC, ibid., XXI, 467.

94 ANC, ibid., XXI, 373.

95 ANC, ibid., XXI, 469.

96 ANC, ibid., XXI, 372. [Translator’s Note: A shortened version of the original paragraph is given here.]

97 ANC, ibid., XXI, 609.

98 Royal Order of February 3, 1813. ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 168.

99 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXI, 338.

100 ANC, ibid., XXV, 456.

101 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXIX, 422.

102 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIV, 4.

103 ANC, ibid., XXIV, 192.

104 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 853.

105 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXV, 650.

106 ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, V, 798.

107 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 578.

108 ANC, ibid., XLI, 557v.

109 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXVI, 810. Italics are the author’s.

110 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 585.

111 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 586.

112 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 597.

113 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 601.

114 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 737 f.

115 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 742.

116 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 739.

117 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 234.

118 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 320.

119 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 494.

120 ANC, ibid., XL, 173.

121 ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XCI, 480; Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 824.

122 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 598.

123 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 587.

124 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 603.

125 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 632. The same disposition was adopted in another order of the same date regarding D. Benito Jurado, ensign of the grenadiers of the auxiliary regiment of New Granada. ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 633.

126 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 636.

127 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 638. Royal order dated September 20, 1811.

128 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 709.

129 ANC, ibid., XL, 259, 690.

130 ANC, ibid., XL, 782.

131 ANC, ibid, XL, 849.

132 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 233.

133 ANC, ibid., XL, 702.

134 ANC, ibid., XL, 703, 701.

135 ANC, ibid. XL, 900.

136 ANC, ibid., XLII, 103.

137 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 560.

138 ANC, Virreyes, VII, 28.

139 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 811

140 ANC, ibid., XLI, 558.

141 ANC, ibid., XLII, 334.

142 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 460.

143 ANC, ibid., XLI, 737.

144 ANC, ibid., XLI, 717.

145 ANC, ibid., XLII, 302. For more information on the “incident of the flowerpot” and its significance, see Posada, Eduardo, El 20 de fulio (Bogotá, 1914)Google Scholar [Biblioteca de Historia Nacional, Vol. XIII].

146 ANC, ibid., XLII, 465.

147 See for example, Nuevos aspectos del siglo XVIII español en America (Bogotá, 1947) and Las instituciones del Nuevo Reino de Granada al tiempo de la independencia (Bogotá, 1952).

148 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXII, 168: “Tomar Estanquillos” would mean to become an employee or operator of a government monopoly and thereby to become ineligible for municipal posts.

149 ANC, ibid., XXXI, 366.

150 ANC, ibid., XXVIII, 427.

151 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 670.

152 ANC, ibid., XL, 858.

153 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 15.

154 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 145.

155 ANC, ibid., XXXIII, 55.

156 ANC, ibid., XXXIII, 184.

157 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 517.

158 ANC, ibid., XLII, 487.

159 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 639.

160 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 650.

161 ANC, ibid., XXX, 232.

162 ANC, ibid., XXX, 261.

163 ANC, ibid., XXX, 273.

164 ANC, ibid., XXXI, 963.

165 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 1054.

166 ANC, ibid., XXX, 1.

167 ANC, ibid., XXXI, 530.

168 ANC, ibid., XXXIV, 623.

169 ANC, ibid., XXXV, 838.

170 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 554.

171 Royal order of March 16, 1812. ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 205.

172 ANC, ibid., XL, 687.

173 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 94.

174 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 153 f.

175 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 186.

176 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 567.

177 ANC, ibid., XLI, 550.

178 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 368.

179 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 215.

180 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 209.

181 ANC, ibid., XXIII, 425.

182 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 822.

183 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 181.

184 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 799.

185 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 290.

186 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 289, 40.

187 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXIX, 196.

188 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 218.

189 ANC, ibid., LII, 113.

190 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 559.

191 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXIX, 465.

192 ANC, ibid., XLI, 801.

193 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 434.

194 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIII, 277.

195 ANC, ibid., XXIII, 430.

196 ANC, ibid., XXIV, 107. This petition had to be made again on April 28, 1815, since the 1813 request had not arrived at its destination.

197 ANC, ibid., XXIV. 207.

198 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 676.

199 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVIII, 35.

200 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 59.

201 ANC, ibid., XXX, 360.

202 ANC, ibid., XXXI, 441.

203 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 172.

204 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 566.

205 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 142.

206 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 228.

207 ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XVIII, 528.

208 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIH, 651.

209 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 735.

210 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 200.

211 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 398, 487.

212 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIII, 258.

213 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 431.

214 ANC, ibid., XL, 716.

215 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVIII, 509.

216 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 226. [The author does not mention the outcome of this request.]

217 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXV, 129.

218 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 666v.

219 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 317.

220 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVII, 404.

221 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 541.

222 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 143.

223 ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 585.

224 ANC, ibid., XL, 671.

225 ANC, ibid., XL, 843.

226 ANC, ibid., XL, 844.

227 ANC, ibid., XLI, 135.

228 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIII, 427, 470.

229 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 234.

230 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXX, 16.

231 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 20.

232 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 50.

233 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 106.

234 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 106.

235 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 372.

236 ANC, ibid., XLII, 636.

237 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 147.

238 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 149.

239 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 152.

240 ANC, ibid., XXIX, 216.

241 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 626v.

242 ANC, ibid., XLII, 485, 648.

243 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXII, 204.

244 ANC, ibid., XXXII, 259.

245 ANC, ibid., XXXI, 899.

246 ANC, ibid., XXXI, 1023.

247 ANC, ibid., XXXI, 1042.

248 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 721.

249 ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXV, 803.

250 ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 594.

251 ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 692.

252 ANC, ibid., XLII, 415.

253 ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XCI, 497.