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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
Simón Bolívar has sometimes been called “The George Washington of South America.” Certainly his achievements are so well known as to deserve the apt appelation “El Libertador” by which he is known by many of the neighbors of the United States of America south of the border.
One of the most important propaganda influences in Bolívar's success was the achievement of a good press in nations sympathetic to his cause. He was quite reticent to see the United States in a dominant role in the future regarding the areas he was trying to free from Spanish rule. Because he believed that Britain was “ruler of the world” during this period of world history, he was particularly interested that favorable images of him should appear in the British press.
1 Bierck, Harold A. Jr., ed., Selected Writings of Bolívar: Vol. II: 1823–1830 (New York: The Colonial Press, Inc., 1951), 731–732.Google Scholar
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17 “Parliamentary Reform,” Quarterly Review, XVI (1816–1817), 252–253.
18 Nesbitt, op. cit., 7.
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20 Aspinall, op. cit., 13.
21 Ibid.
22 Westminster Review, II (October, 1824), 463ff.
23 Clive, John Leonard, Scotch Reviewers, The Edinburgh Review, 1802–1815 (London: Faber and Faber, Ltd., 1942), 181,Google Scholar quoting from Aspinall, Arthur (ed.), The Letters of George IV, 3, 495.Google Scholar
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34 Cruse, op. cit., 191.
35 Merchand, Leslie Alexis, The Athenaeum: A Mirror of Victorian Culture (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1941), 44,Google Scholar quoting from Collins, A.S., The Profession of Letters (London, 1928), 212.Google Scholar
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38 Ibid. op. cit., 6.
39 Altick, Richard D., “Nineteenth-Century English Periodicals,” The Newberry Library Bulletin, 2d. ser., No. 9 (May, 1952), 255–264.Google Scholar
40 Ibid., op. cit., 256.
41 “History of Europe, Chapter XVI,” Annual Register for the Year 1816. LVIII (1817), 157.
42 “Monthly Register: Foreign Intelligence,” Blackwood’s Magazine, I (April, 1817), 100; Ibid., II (October, 1817), 106.
43 “Prophetic Almanack, for 1822,” Ibid., X (December, 1821), 706.
44 “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, LXXXVI, 1 (March, 1816), 269; Ibid., (April, 1816), 365; Ibid., 2 (July, 1816), 76; Ibid., LXXXVII, 1 (February, 1817), 170; “Monthly Register: Foreign Intelligence,” Blackwood’s Magazine, I (May, 1817), 204–205; and “General History, Chapter XVI,” Annual Register for the Year 1816, LVIII (1817), 157–158.
45 “Monthly Register: Foreign Intelligence,” Blackwood’s Magazine, II (October, 1817), 107; “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, (LXXXVI, 1 (February, 1816), 172; Ibid., 1 (April, 1816), 365; Ibid. (May, 1816), 461; Ibid., LXXXVII, 2 (August, 1817), 173; Ibid., 1 (July, 1817), 431–432; and “General History, Chapter XVI,” Annual Register for the Year 1816, LVIII (1817), 157.
46 “Chronicle for May, 1818,” Annual Registerfor the Year 1818, LX(1819), 73; “Appendix to the Chronicle,” Annual Register for the Year 1819, LXI (1820), 136–139.
47 “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, LXXVIII, 2 (October, 1818), 365; Ibid., LXXXIX, 2 (November, 1819),451. Also see a review of “Outline of the Revolution in Spanish America…,” Monthly Review, 2d ser., LXXXIX (June, 1819), 160–161.
48 A review of “Biographie Nouvelle des Contemporains…,” Monthly Review, 2d ser., XCIX (December, 1822), 513–519.
49 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, VI (January 1, 1822), 8.
50 “The Liberal System,” Blackwood’s Magazine, XVI (October, 1824), 442–445.
51 “Sketch of the Political Career of Simon Bolivar, President of the Republic of Colombia,” New Monthly Magazine, VII (1823), 4–17.
52 “Foreign News: South America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCIII, 1 (January, 1823), 77; also see Ibid., 2 (November, 1823), 457–458.
53 Ibid. (August, 1823), 173; “Political Events: Foreign States, New Monthly Magazine, IX (August 1, 1823), 342.
54 “Foreign News: South America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCIII, 2 (September, 1823), 266.
55 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, (October 1, 1823), 438.
56 “View of Public Affairs,” London Magazine, VIII (October, 1823), LXV (1824), 244–253.
57 Levene, Ricardo, History of Argentina, trans, and ed. by Robertson, William S. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1937), 321–325.Google Scholar
58 “Foreign News: South America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCIV, 1 (March, 1824), 267.
59 “Views of Public Affairs,” London Magazine, X (July, 1824), 102–103.
60 Ibid. (August, 1824), 210–211.
61 Ibid. (December 1, 1824), 534; “Foreign News: South America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCIV, 2 (November, 1824), 459–460.
62 “View of Public Affairs, London Magazine, X (December, 1824), 653.
63 “History of Europe, Chapter XV,” Annual Register for the Year 1824, LXVI (1825), 222–229.
64 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XV (March 1, 1825), 102.
65 “History of Europe, Chapter XIV,” Annual Register for the Year 1825, LXVII (1826), 208–212; “Foreign News: Peru,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCV, 1 (March, 1825), 268; “View of Public Affairs,” London Magazine, News Series, I (March, 1825), 467–468 and (April, 1825), 638–639; “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XV (April 1, 1825), 150.
66 “Foreign News: South America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCV, 1 (May, 1825), 459.
67 New Monthly Magazine, XV (August 1, 1825), 341; “Foreign News: America and West Indies, Gentleman’s Magazine, XCV, 2 (July, 1825), 73.
68 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XV (October 1, 1825), 436–437.
69 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XV (March 1, 1825), 101.
70 Ibid. (June 1, 1825), 246.
71 Ibid. (December 1, 1825), 532.
72 “View of Public Affairs,” London Magazine, New Series, II (June, 1825), 303.
73 “Political Events: Great Britain,” New Monthly Magazine, XV (August 1, 1825), 340; Ibid. (December, 1825), 529; “Public Documents.” Annual Register for the Year 1825, LXVII (1826). 80–87.
74 Ibid., 341.
75 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XV (May 1, 1825), 198.
76 A review of “Message of the President of the United States to Congress at the meeting thereof. December, 1825,” Daniel Webster’s “Address delivered, at the laying of the Corner Stone of the Bunker-Hill Monument…,” Edward Everett’s Oration delivered at Plymouth…,” Charles Sprague’s Oration delivered on the fourth of July, 1825, at Boston…,” and Everett’s, Edward, “Oration delivered at Concord, Massachusetts.” Westminister Review, 5 (January, 1826), 173–201.Google Scholar
77 “History of Europe, Chapter XIV,” Annual Register for the Year 1826, LXVIII (1827), 378–379, “Foreign News: United States,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCVI, 1 (April, 1826), 359.
78 Rippy, J. Fred, Historical Evolution of Hispanic America (New York; F. S. Crofts and Company, 1940), 371–374.Google Scholar
79 Ibid., 490–491.
80 Ibid., and “History of Europe, Chapter XIV,” Annual Register for the Year 1826. LXVIII (1827), 419–421.
81 “Foreign News: America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCVI, 1 (October, 1826), 361.
82 A review of “Noticia sobre la Jeografia Politica de Columbia…” Ibid., XVIII (March 1,1826), 100.
83 Ibid., (July 1, 1826), 268.
84 “Foreign News: South America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCVI,2(July, 1826), 69; “History of Europe, Chapter XIV,” Annual Register for the Year 1826 (1827, 394–396.
85 Ibid., 411–419.
86 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XVIII (October 1, 1826), 404.
87 “Foreign News: South America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCVI, 2 (December, 1826), 551. The Annual Register also continued to print “public documents” which were concerned with Spanish-American affairs in different nations. See, for example, “Extract from the Message of the Vice-President of Colombia to the Congress,” Annual Register for the Year 1826, LXVIII (1827), 104–107; “The Message of the President to the Congress of the United Mexican States,” Ibid., 108–114; “The Plan of a Constitution for the Government of That State,” Ibid., 114–121, and “Chile—Address of Friere to the National Congress, at its opening, July 6,” Ibid., 121–126.
88 “Foreign News: South America,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XCVIII, 1 (February, 1827), 167.
89 Ibid. (March, 1827), 263.
90 Ibid. (April, 1827), 357; “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XXI (May 1, 1827), 180.
91 “Political Events: Foreign News,” New Monthly Magazine, XXI (December 1, 1827), 500.
92 “History of Europe, Chapter XIII,” Annual Register for the Year 1827, LXIX (1828), 335–343.
93 “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XLVIII, 1 (March, 1828), 263.
94 “History of Europe, Chapter XII,” Annual Register for the Year 1828, LX ( 1829), 255–263; also see “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XXIV (October 1, 1828), 428.
95 “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XLVIII, 1 (June, 1828), 636.
96 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XXIV (July 1, 1828), 284.
97 Ibid. (November 1, 1828), 476.
98 “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, (December, 1828), 555; also in Annual Register for 1828, LXX (1829), 259–261.
99 “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences, Gentleman–s Magazine, XLVIII, 2 (December, 1828), 263.
100 Annual Register for 1828, LXX (1828), 261–263.
101 “History of Europe, Chapter XII,” Annual Register for the Year 1829, LXXI (1830), 243–250; “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XLIX, 1 (January, 1829), 73; “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XXVII (February 1, 1829), 52.
102 “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, XLIX, 1 (June, 1829), 636.
103 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XXX (January 1, 1830), 4.
104 “History of Europe, Chapter XII,” Annual Register for the Year 1830, LXXII (1831), 310–317.
105 “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XXX (July 1,1830), 326; “Public Documents: Message of Bolívar to the Constituent Congress of Colombia, 20th January, 1830,” Annual Register for the Year 1830, LXXII (1831), 401–406.
106 “Miscellaneous Intelligence,” Monthly Review, 3d ser., XIV (May, 1830), 154. The Review denounced it because it did not grant religious toleration.
107 Annual Register for 1830, LXXII (1831), 310–317.
108 Ibid., 317; also “Abstract of Foreign Occurrences,” Gentleman’s Magazine, C, 2 (December, 1830), 636; and “Political Events: Foreign States,” New Monthly Magazine, XXX (December 1, 1830), 523.
109 A review of “Memoirs of Simon Bolívar …,” Gentleman’s Magazine, C, 1 (January, 1830), 48–51.
110 “Critical Notices, New Monthly Magazine, XXX (January 1, 1830), 7–8.
