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Latin American Women Workers in Transition: Sexual Division of the Labor Force in Mexico and Colombia in the Textile Industry*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Dawn Keremitsis
Dawn Keremitsis*
Affiliation:
West Valley Joint Community College, Saratoga, California
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Extract

When the cottage textile industries in 18th century England were moved to urban factories, women and children also left their private existence and moved into public work in the mills. The situation was similar in Mexico and Colombia when their factories started to produce cloth, but after an urban labor force developed, men replaced women in the plants. In developed nations, women still dominate the textile work force, especially when products compete on a world market. Few studies have attempted to analyze the difference historically as the labor force divides into sexual roles, either in advanced or underdeveloped nations. Although Ester Boserup's study of third world women indicates that this transition occurs (in one direction) when mechanization advances to replace manual or simple tasks, lately her conclusions have been questioned as technologically advanced industries such as computers have hired women rather than men to assemble instruments. The textile industry has often been viewed as a force in the beginning of industrialization and can illustrate how women are used as a transition element as they first move from private home activities into public roles in the factories and then as plants become more capitalintensive, they are again returned to their private space. At first their willingness to accept low wages in the mills left the men performing agricultural labor. As promotion of industrialization brought an urban labor force into existence, a variety of social and economic pressures removed them from participation in production of goods. Their reserve labor remained available for other functions as the need arose.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Americas , Volume 40 , Issue 4 , April 1984 , pp. 491 - 504
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1984

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Footnotes

*

The author is grateful to Professors John Womack and James Parsons for their advice and aid in securing sources and their evaluation.

References

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8 México, Dirección General de Estadística (hereafter called DGE), Censo industrial de 1965 (Mexico, 1970).

9 Fabricato, “Reseña histórica de Fabricato,” unpublished mimeographed manuscript, 1973, in Archivo Vertical, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.

10 Daniel Peçaut, “Politique á Medellín,” Archivo Vertical, (unpublished and undated).

11 Colombia, Contraloria General de la República. Dirección General del Censo, Primer censo industrial de Colombia (Bogotá, 1947), 449; Rodriguez, Jorge, “El censo industrial en Antioquia,” Anales de Economia y Estadística (January-February, 1946), 69.Google Scholar

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16 Keremitsis, 200–201.

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18 México, Censo industrial de 1930.

19 TAHJ 1928.

20 México, Censo industrial de 1940.

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23 Colombia, Primer censo industrial, Censos económicos.

24 Interview with Dr. Hernando Villa.

25 Morones parents had also worked as weavers in a Guadalajara textile mill before they moved to Mexico City but it is difficult to establish relationships between Morones and Díaz.

26 TAHJ 1910–1930; Hernández, Ana María, La mujer mexicana en la industria textil (México, 1940)Google Scholar; interview with Profesora Maestra María Guadalupe Martínez de Hernandez LoZa in Guadalajara, July 24, 1980.

27 Colombia, Ministerio de Trabajo, Primer censo sindical de Colombia 1947 (Bogotá, 1949); El Colombiana, Medellín daily, June 1, 1945.

28 “Reseña histórica de Fabricato.”

29 Visit to Fabricato factory in Bello, July 23, 1974.

30 Interview with Dr. Hernando Villa.