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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
By the end of the nineteenth century the American public, if it had cared to enlarge upon its knowledge of the Empire of Brazil, could easily have done so without even the necessity of learning a foreign language. From 1822 to 1888, beginning with the independence of Brazil from Portugal and ending with the abolition of slavery— a period corresponding almost exactly with the life span of the Brazilian Empire—about twenty books on Brazil were published by Americans. These were obviously not the only books on the subject in the English language because Britishers wrote about Brazil too (indeed they wrote more about it than we did) and these books on Brazil were also available on this side of the Atlantic. The combined output of the two nations was, therefore, considerable, and the curiosity of the Anglo-Saxon mind which it for the most part reflected presented Brazil to the American reader under a great variety of aspects. There were the solid three volumes on the colonial period of Brazilian history by Robert Southey, the poet laureate of England who was much better as a historian, and the two-volume sequel by John Armitage, who was neither a historian nor a poet but a lover of liberty.
1 “H. M. Brackenridge,” North American Pamphlet on South American Affairs (London, 1818), p. 47.
2 Thomas Ewbank, Life in Brazil; or, A Journal of a Visit to the Land of the Cocoa and the Palm. With an appendix, containing illustrations of Ancient South American arts in recently discovered implements and products of domestic industry, and works in stone, pottery, gold, silver, bronze, etc. (New York, 18Í6), p. 17.
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7 Ibid., p. 176.
8 Ibid., p. 132.
9 Ibid., p. 132.
10 Ibid., p. 135.
11 Ibid., pp. 213 ff.
12 Kidder, Daniel P., Sketches of residence and travels in Brazil, embracing historical and geographical notices of the empire and its several provinces (Philadelphia, 1845), 2, 14.Google Scholar
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14 Ewbank, op. cit., p. vii.
15 Ibid., pp. viii–ix.
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19 Ibid., p. 184.
20 Modem Library edition, p. 536.
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35 Ibid., p. 184.
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43 Ibid., p. 88.
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47 Kidder, op. cit., I, 180.
48 Ewbank, op. cit., p. 195.
49 Ibid., p. 370.
50 Ewbank, op. cit., p. 184.
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55 Andrews, op. cit., p. 312.
56 Fletcher and Kidder, op. cit., p. 132.
57 Ewbank, op. cit., pp. 439–440.
58 Ibid., p. 75.
59 Codman, op. cit., p. 103.
60 Agassiz, op. cit., pp. 119–120.
61 Ibid., p. 121.
62 Andrews, op. cit., p. 155.
63 Codman, op. cit., p. 201.
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68 See Fletcher and Kidder, op. cit., p. 132; and Ewbank, op. cit., pp. 281, 440–441.
69 Kidder, op. cit., I, 99–100.
70 Ruschenberger, op. cit., p. 31.
71 Ewbank, op. cit., p. 437.
72 Ibid., pp. 437–438.
73 Ibid., p. 116.
74 Ibid.
75 Ewbank, op. cit., p. 77.
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77 Codman, op. cit., p. 155.
78 Ibid., p. 153.
79 Ibid.
80 Fletcher and Kidder, op. cit., pp. 133, 138.
81 Ibid., p. 133.
82 Ewbank, op. cit., p. 267.
83 Ruschenberger, op. cit., p. 64.
84 Ewbank, op. cit., p. 135.
85 Ibid., p. 78.
86 Fletcher and Kidder, op. cit., p. 133.
87 Agassiz, op. cit., p. 64.
88 Ruschenberger, op. cit., p. 64.
89 Andrews, op. cit., p. 135.
90 Fletcher and Kidder, op. cit., pp. 133–134.
91 Kidder, op. cit., I, 161.
92 Colton, op. cit., p. 113.
93 Agassiz, op. cit., p. 128.
94 Ibid., p. 65.
95 Ibid.
96 See ibid., p. 49.
97 Codman, op. Cit., p. 184.
98 Nabuco, Joaquim, O abolicionismo (Londres, 1883), p. 61.Google Scholar
99 Andrews, op. cit., p. 329.
100 Ibid., p. 311.
101 Ibid.
102 Ibid., p. 312.
103 Fletcher and Kidder, op. cit., p. 134.
104 Ibid., p. 139 n.
105 Mossé, B., Dom Pedro II empereur du Brésil (Paris, 1889), p. 184.Google Scholar
106 Andrews, op. cit., p. 83.
107 Fletcher and Kidder, op. cit., p. 133.
108 See Agassiz, op. cit., p. 129.
109 Ibid., p. 115.
110 Warren, op. cit., p. 65.
111 Agassiz, op. cit., p. 129.
112 Andrews, op. cit., p. 329.
