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Pathogenesis of African swine fever virus in Ornithodoros ticks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Steven B. Kleiboeker  and
Glen A. Scoles
Steven B. Kleiboeker*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and the Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
Glen A. Scoles
Affiliation:
USDA, ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
*
*University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 1600E. Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. E-mail: KleiboekerS@Missouri.edu
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Abstract

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the only known DNA arbovirus and the sole member of the family Asfarviridae. It causes a lethal, hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs. ASFV is enzootic in sub-Saharan Africa and is maintained in a sylvatic cycle by infecting both wild members of the Suidae (e.g. warthogs) and the argasid tick Ornithodoros porcinus porcinus. The pathogenesis of ASFV in O. porcinus porcinus ticks is characterized by a low infectious dose, lifelong infection, efficient transmission to both pigs and ticks, and low mortality until after the first oviposition. ASFV pathogenesis in warthogs is characterized by an inapparent infection with transient, low viremic titers. Thus O. porcinus porcinus ticks probably constitute the most important natural vector of ASFV, although both the mammalian and tick hosts are probably required for the maintenance of ASFV in the sylvatic cycle. The mechanism of ASFV transmission from the sylvatic cycle to domestic pigs is probably through infected ticks feeding on pigs. In addition to O. porcinus porcinus, a number of North American, Central American and Caribbean species of Ornithodoroshave been shown to be potential vectors of ASFV.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 2 , Issue 2 , December 2001 , pp. 121 - 128
Copyright
Copyright © CAB International 2001

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