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Transfer of energy substrates across the ruminal epithelium: implications and limitations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

G. Gäbel ,
J. R. Aschenbach  and
F. Müller
G. Gäbel*
Affiliation:
Veterinär-Physiologisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
J. R. Aschenbach
Affiliation:
Veterinär-Physiologisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
F. Müller
Affiliation:
Veterinär-Physiologisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, Germany.
*
*Corresponding author: Veterinär-Physiologisches Institut, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany E-mail: gaebel@rz.uni-leipzig.de.
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Abstract

The ruminal epithelium has an enormous capacity for the absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This not only delivers metabolic energy to the animal but is also an essential regulatory mechanism that stabilizes the intraruminal milieu. The epithelium itself, however, is endangered by the influx of SCFAs because the intracellular pH (pHi) may drop to a lethal level. To prevent severe cytosolic acidosis, the ruminal epithelium is able to extrude (or buffer) protons by various mechanisms: (i) a Na+/H+ exchanger, (ii) a bicarbonate importing system and (iii) an H+/monocarboxylate cotransporter (MCT). Besides pHi regulation, the MCT also provides the animal with ketone bodies derived from the intraepithelial breakdown of SCFAs. Ketone bodies, in turn, can serve as an energy source for extrahepatic tissues. In addition to SCFA uptake, glucose absorption has recently been identified as a potential way of eliminating acidogenic substrates from the rumen. At least with respect to SCFAs, absorption rates can be elevated when adapting animals to energy-rich diets. Although they are very effective under physiological conditions, the absorptive and regulatory mechanisms of the ruminal epithelium also have their limits. An increased number of protons during the state of ruminal acidosis can be eliminated neither from the lumen nor the cytosol, thus worsening dysfermentation and finally leading to functional and morphological alterations of the epithelial lining.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , June 2002 , pp. 15 - 30
Copyright
Copyright © CAB International 2002

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