Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-mwx4w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-30T20:10:32.045Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of an oat-based high-fibre diet on insulin, glucose, cortisol and free fatty acid concentrations in gilts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

J. Rushen ,
S. Robert  and
C. Farmer
J. Rushen
Affiliation:
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada J1M 1Z3
S. Robert
Affiliation:
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada J1M 1Z3
C. Farmer
Affiliation:
Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lennoxville, Quebec, Canada J1M 1Z3
Get access

Abstract

To understand the mechanism underlying the effect of high-fibre diets on feeding motivation and stereotypic behaviour in pigs, non-pregnant gilts were given either concentrate or a high-fibre diet based on oat hulls and blood samples were assayed for cortisol, glucose, insulin and free fatty acids. The duration of eating was much longer for gilts on the high-fibre diet than gilts given concentrates. Concentrations of cortisol increased with food delivery and this was most pronounced with the concentrate diet. Concentrations of free fatty acids decreased before feeding and those of glucose and insulin decreased temporarily immediately after feeding began. The diet had no marked effect on these changes, although the decrease for insulin was less evident for the concentrate diet. As feeding continued, free fatty acid concentrations decreased, while concentrations of insulin and glucose increased. The increase in glucose and insulin was fastest with the concentrate diet, although post-feeding peak values did not differ. Postprandial cortisol and free fatty acid concentrations did not differ between diets. There was no evidence of a pre-prandial cephalic phase insulin or glucose response to feeding in the gilts although concentrations of both hormones decreased immediately after the gilts began to eat. The high-fibre diet tended to delay the peak glucose and insulin response to meals, suggesting that the reduced feeding motivation following consumption of high-fibre diets does not involve the same mechanism as the increased satiety following increased energy intake. As well as reducing the occurrence of ster eoty pies, high-fibre diets decrease cortisol concentrations at feeding.

Keywords

feeding behaviourfibrehormonesmotivationpigs
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 69 , Issue 2 , October 1999 , pp. 395 - 401
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, D.M. 1974. The effect of feeding on the concentration of glucose and insulin in the portal and atrial plasma of pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 82: 29–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, B.A. 1996. Postingestive factors influencing operant sugar intake in pigs. Physiology and Behavior 60: 283–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brouns, F., Edwards, S.A. and English, P.R. 1994a. Effect of dietary fibre and feeding system on activity and oral behaviour of group housed gilts. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 39: 215–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brouns, F., Edwards, S.A. and English, P.R. 1994b. Metabolic effects of fibrous ingredients in pig diets. Animal Production 58: 467 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Brouns, F., Edwards, S.A. and English, P.R. 1997. The effect of dietary inclusion of sugar-beet pulp on the feeding behaviour of dry sows. Animal Science 65: 129–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campfield, L.A., Brandon, P. and Smith, F.J. 1985. Online continuous measurement of blood glucose and meal pattern in free-feeding rats: the role of glucose in meal initiation. Brain Research Bulletin 14: 605–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cronin, G.M., Tartwijk, J.M.F.M. van, Hal, W. van der and Verstegen, M.W.A. 1986. The influence of degree of adaptation to tether-housing by sows in relation to behaviour and energy metabolism. Animal Production 42: 257–268.Google Scholar
Dantzer, R., Arnone, M. and Mormède, P. 1980. Effects of frustration on behaviour and plasma corticosteroid levels in pigs. Physiology and Behavior 24: 1–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Day, J.E.L., Kyriazakis, I. and Lawrence, A.B. 1996. The use of a second-order schedule to assess the effect of food bulk on the feeding motivation of growing pigs. Animal Science 63: 447–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Passillé, A.M.B., Christopherson, R. and Rushen, J. 1993. Non nutritive sucking by the calf and postprandial secretion of insulin, CCK and gastrin. Physiology and Behavior 54: 1069–1073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Passillé, A.M.B. and Rushen, J. 1997. Motivational and physiological analysis of the causes and consequences of non-nutritive sucking by calves. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 53: 15–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubreuil, P., Petitclerc, D., Pelletier, G., Gaudreau, P., Farmer, C., Mowles, T.F. and Brazeau, P. 1990. Effect of dose and frequency of administration of a potent analog of human growth hormone-releasing factor on hormone secretion and growth in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 68: 1254–1268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farmer, C, Dubreuil, P., Couture, Y., Brazeau, P. and Petitclerc, D. 1991. Hormonal changes following an acute stress in control and somatostatin-immunized pigs. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 8: 529–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, D. 1975. The effect of straw on the behaviour of sows in tether stalls. Animal Production 21: 59–68.Google Scholar
Hansen, L, Knudsen, K.E. and Eggum, B.O. 1992. Gastrointestinal implications in the rat of wheat bran, oat bran and pea fibre. British Journal of Nutrition 68: 451–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holt, S.H.A. and Miller, B.J. 1995. Increased insulin response to ingested foods are associated with lessened satiety. Appetite 24: 43–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houpt, K.A., Houpt, B.A., Baldwin, T., Houpt, R. and Hills, F. 1983. Humoral and cardiovascular responses to feeding in pigs. American Journal of Physiology (Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiology) 244: R279–R284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ladewig, J., De Passillé, A.M., Rushen, J., Schouten, W., Terlouw, E.C.M. and Boreil, E. von. 1993. Stress and the correlates of stereotypie behaviour. In Stereotypie animal behaviour: fundamentals and applications to welfare (ed. Lawrence, A.B. and Rushen, J.), pp. 97–118. CAB International, Wallingford.Google Scholar
Lavin, J.H., Wittert, G., Sun, W.-M., Horowitz, M., Morley, J.E. and Read, N.W. 1996. Appetite regulation by carbohydrate: role of blood glucose and gastrointestinal hormones. American Journal of Physiology (Endocrinology and Metabolism) 271: E209–E214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawrence, A.B., Appleby, M.C. and MacLeod, H.A. 1988. Measuring hunger in the pig using operant conditioning: the effect of food restriction. Animal Production 47: 131–137.Google Scholar
Lawrence, A.B. and Terlouw, E.M.C. 1993. A review of behavioral factors involved in the development and continued performance of stereotypie behaviors in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2815–2825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, A.B., Terlouw, E.M.C. and Kyriazakis, I. 1993. The behavioural effects of undernutrition in confined farm animals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 52: 219–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leclere, C, Lairon, D., Champ, M. and Cherbut, C. 1993. Influence of particle size and sources of non-starch polysaccharides on postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and triacylglycerolaemia in pigs and starch digestion in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition 70: 179–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matte, J., Robert, S., Girard, C.L., Farmer, C. and Martineau, G.-P. 1994. Effect of bulky diets based on wheat bran or oat hulls on reproductive performance of sows during their first two parities. Journal of Animal Science 72: 1754–1760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, C.A., Lawrence, A.B., Hunter, E.A. and Oldham, J.D. 1995. Effect of meal frequency and rate of nutrient supply on the post-feeding behaviour of the pig. Animal Science 61: 565–573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prunier, A., Martin, C, Mounier, A.M. and Bonneau, M. 1993. Metabolic and endocrine changes associated with undernutrition in the prepubertal gilt. Journal of Animal Science 71: 1887–1894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimar, R.A. and McBurney, M.I. 1996. Dietary fiber modulates intestinal proglucagon messenger ribonucleic acid and postprandial secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin in rats. Endocrinology 137: 3948–3956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robert, S., Matte, J.J., Farmer, C., Girard, C.L. and Martineau, G.P. 1993. High-fibre diets for sows: effects on stereotypies and adjunctive drinking. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 37: 297–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robert, S., Rushen, J. and Farmer, C. 1997. Both energy content and bulk of food affect stereotypie behaviour, heart rate and feeding motivation of female pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 54: 161–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushen, J. 1984. Stereotypie behaviour, adjunctive drinking and the feeding periods of tethered sows. Animal Behaviour 32: 1059–1067.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushen, J. 1985. Stereotypies, aggression and the feeding schedules of tethered sows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 14: 137–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushen, J., Lawrence, A.B. and Terlouw, E.M. C. 1993. The motivational basis of stereotypies. In Stereotypic animal behaviour: fundamentals and applications to welfare (ed. Lawrence, A.B. and Rushen, J.), pp. 41–64. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Schwartz, M.W., Figlewicz, D.P., Baskin, D.G., Woods, S.C. and Porte, D. 1992. Insulin in the brain: a hormonal regulator of energy balance. Endocrine Reviews 13: 387–414.Google Scholar
Smith, F.J. and Campfield, A. 1993. Meal initiation occurs after experimental induction of transient declines in blood glucose. American Journal of Physiology (Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiology) 265: R1423–R1429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1988. SAS user’s guide: statistics, version 6.08. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Strubbe, J.H. 1992. Parasympathetic involvement in rapid meal-associated conditioned insulin secretion in the rat. American Journal of Physiology (Regulative, Integrative and Comparative Physiology) 262: R615–R618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terlouw, E.C.M., Lawrence, A.B., Koolhaas, J.M. and Cockram, M. 1993a. Relationship between feeding, stereotypies and plasma glucose concentrations in food-restricted and restrained sows. Physiology and Behavior 54: 189–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terlouw, E.C.M., Wiersma, A., Lawrence, A.B. and Macleod, H.A. 1993b. Ingestion of food facilitates the performance of stereotypies in sows. Animal Behaviour 46: 939–950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terlouw, E.M.C., Lawrence, A.B., Ladewig, J., De Passillé, A.M., Rushen, J. and Schouten, W.G.P. 1991. Relationship between plasma cortisol and stereotypic activities in pigs. Behavioural Processes 25: 133–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiepkema, P.R. 1971. Positive feedback at work during feeding. Behaviour 39: 266–273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, S.C., Chavez, M., Park, C.R., Riedy, C., Kaiyala, K., Richardson, R.D., Figelwicz, D.P., Schwartz, M.W., Porte, D. and Seeley, R.J. 1996. The evaluation of insulin as a metabolic signal influencing behavior via the brain. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 20: 139–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woods, S.C. and Strubbe, J.H. 1994. The psychobiology of meals. Psychonomie Bulletin and Review 1: 141–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed