Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m42fx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T17:58:32.639Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of including Colombian rice polishings in the diet on rumen fermentation in vitro

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

D. Cardenas Garcia ,
C. J. Newbold ,
H. Galbraith  and
J. H. Topps
D. Cardenas Garcia
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB9 1UD
C. J. Newbold
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
H. Galbraith
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB9 1UD
J. H. Topps
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture, 581 King Street, Aberdeen AB9 1UD
Get access

Abstract

The effect of including full-fat Colombian rice polishings, at 250 or 500 g/kg dry matter (DM) or defatted Colombian rice polishings (at 500 g/kg DM) on the fermentation of a basal diet of dried grass and medium-quality hay, in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec), was investigated. With diets which contained 0, 0·25, 0·50 full-fat or 0·50 defatted, proportions of rice polishing, values for pH were depressed (7·22, 7·19, 7·11, 7·06 (s.e.d. 0·05)) and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased (52·8, 52·5, 75·5, 754 (s.e.d. 2·1) mmol/l) at the high levels of inclusion of rice polishings. Concentrations of ammonia (130, 140, 228, 209 (s.e, d. 64) mg/l) and total bacterial numbers (2·32, 2·70, 3·55, 442 (s.e.d. 0·82) × 108 per ml) were elevated by rice polishings inclusion. Numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (2·52, 1·74, 1·84, 2·10 (s.e.d. 0·60) × 106 per ml) and protozoa (19·8, 16·2, 15·8, 22·2 (s.e.d. 1·51) × 103 per ml were depressed (the latter significantly P < 0·01) by the inclusion offull-fat, but not by defatted, rice polishings.

Keywords

fermentationrice polishingsrumen simulation technique
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , April 1992 , pp. 275 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1984. Official methods of analysis. 4th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.Google Scholar
Belyea, R. L., Steevens, B. J., Restrepo, R. J. and Clubb, A. P. 1989. Variation in composition of by-product feeds. Journal of Dairy Science 72: 2339–2345.Google Scholar
Broudiscou, L., Van Nevel, C. J. and Demeyer, D. I. 1990. Effect of soya oil hydrolysate on rumen digestion in defaunated and refaunated sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 30: 51–67.Google Scholar
Bryant, M. P. 1972. Commentary on the Hungate technique for culture of anaerobic bacteria. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25: 1324–1328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cardenas Garcia, D., Galbraith, H. and Topps, J. H. 1991. Assessment of the nutritional value of Colombian rice polishings (CRP) for ruminants by in vitro and in vivo techniques. Animal Production 52: 607–608 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Chamberlain, D. G., Thomas, P. C., Wilson, W., Newbold, C. J. and Macdonald, J. C. 1985. The effect of carbohydrate supplements on ruminal concentrations of ammonia in animals given diets of grass silage. Journal of Agriculture Science, Cambridge 104: 331–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czerkawski, J. W., Blaxter, K. L. and Wainman, F. W. 1966. The metabolism of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids by sheep with reference to their effects on methane production. British Journal of Nutrition 10: 349–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czerkawski, J. W. and Breckenridge, G. 1977. Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). British Journal of Nutrition 38: 371–384.Google Scholar
Demeyer, D. I., Van Nevel, C., Hendricks, H. K. and Martin, J. 1967. In Energy metabolism of farm animals (ed. Blaxter, K. L., Kielanowski, J. and Thorbek, G.), pp. 139–147. Oriel Press, Newcastle upon Tyne.Google Scholar
Devendra, C. and Lewis, D. 1974. Fat in ruminant diets: review Indian Journal of Animal Science 44: 917–938.Google Scholar
Eadie, J. M. and Gill, J. C. 1971. The effect of the absence of rumen ciliate protozoa on growing lambs fed on a roughage concentrate diet. British Journal of Nutrition 26: 155–167.Google Scholar
Elliott, R., Ferreiro, H. M. and Priego, A. 1978. An estimate of the quantity of feed protein escaping degradation in the rumen of steers fed chopped sugar cane, molasses/urea supplemented with varying quantities of rice polishings. Tropical Animal Production 3: 36–39.Google Scholar
Ferreiro, H. M., Preston, T. R. and Herrera, F. 1979. Sisal by-products as cattle feed: effect of supplementing ensiled pulp with rice polishings and Ramon (Brosimum alicastrum) on growth rate, digestibility and glucose entry rate by cattle. Tropical Animal Production 4: 73–77.Google Scholar
Frumholtz, P. P., Newbold, C. J. and Wallace, R. J. 1989. Influence of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the fermentation of a basal ration in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 113: 169–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galbraith, H. and Miller, T. B. 1973a. Effect of metal cations and pH on the antibacterial activity and uptake of long chain fatty acids, journal of Applied Bacteriology 36: 647–658.Google Scholar
Galbraith, H. and Miller, T. B. 1973b. Physicochemical effects of long chain fatty acids on bacterial cells and their protoplasts. Journal ofApplied Bacteriology 36: 659–675.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galbraith, H., Miller, T. B., Paton, A. M. and Thompson, J. K. 1971. Antibacterial activity of long chain fatty acids, and the reversal with calcium, magnesium, ergocalciferol and cholesterol. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 34: 808–813.Google Scholar
Goodall, S. and Byers, F. M. 1978. Automated micro method for enzymatic L(+) and D(-) lactic acid determinations in biological fluid containing cellular extracts. Analytical Biochemistry 89: 80–86.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, F. N., Rodriguez, I. N. and Delvasto, M. E. 1989. La agroindustria arrocera en Colombia. Jumac y Bogota, Colombia.Google Scholar
Henderson, C. 1973. The effects of fatty acids on pure cultures of rumen bacteria. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 81: 107–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobson, P. N. 1969. Rumen bacteria. Methods in Microbiology 3B: 133–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrett, H. W., Cooksy, K. D., Ellis, B. and Anderson, J. A. 1986. The separation of O-pathaldehyde derivatives of amino acids by reversed phase chromatography on octysilica columns. Analytical Biochemistry 153: 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez, J. M., Preston, T. R., Sutherland, T. M. and Wilson, A. 1976. Rice polishings as a supplement in sugar cane diets: effect of level of rice polishings in wet and dry season conditions. Tropical Animal Production 1: 164–171.Google Scholar
Mann, S. O. 1968. An improved method for determining cellulolytic activity in anaerobic bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 31: 241–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newbold, C. J. and Chamberlain, D. G. 1988. Lipids as rumen-defaunating agents Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 47: 154A (abstr.).Google Scholar
Newbold, C. J., Chamberlain, D. G. and Williams, A. G. 1986. The effects of defaunation on the metabolism of lactic acid in the rumen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37: 1083–1090.Google Scholar
Preston, T. R., Carcano, C., Alvarez, F. J. and Gutierrez, D. G. 1976. Rice polishings as a supplement in a sugar cane diet; effect of level of rice polishings and of processing the sugar cane by derinding or chopping. Tropical Animal Production 1: 150–162.Google Scholar
Priego, A., Wilson, A. and Sutherland, T. M. 1977. The effect on parameters of rumen fermentation, rumen volume and fluid flow rate of Zebu bulls given chopped sugar cane supplemented with rice polishings or cassava root meal. Tropical Animal Production 2: 292–299.Google Scholar
Rathee, C. S. and Lohan, O. P. 1988. Effect of oil extraction techniques on the nutritive value of deoiled rice bran. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58: 823–829.Google Scholar
Ryan, B. F., Joiner, B. L. and Ryan, T. A. 1985. Minitab statistical software, 2nd ed. Boston.Google Scholar
Santana, A. and Hovell, F. D. DeB. 1979. Degradation of various sources of starch in the rumen of Zebu bulls fed sugar cane. Tropical Animal Production 4: 107–108.Google Scholar
Singh, N. P. 1980. Note of the performance of sheep and nutritive value of the ration based on deoiled rice polish. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 50: 582–583.Google Scholar
Snell, M. G., Bray, G. I., Morrison, F. L. and Jackson, M. E. 1945. Fattening steers on corn, rice products and rice straw. Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station bulletin 389.Google Scholar
Stewart, C. S. and Duncan, S. H. 1985. The effect of avoparcin on cellulolytic bacteria of the ovine rumen. Journal of General Microbiology 131: 427–435.Google Scholar
Syrjala, L. 1972. Effect of different sucrose, starch and cellulose supplements on the utilization of grass silages by ruminants. Agriculture Fenniae 11: 199–276.Google Scholar
Valdez, R. E., Alvarez, F. J., Ferreiro, H. M., Guerra, F., Lopez, J., Priego, A., Blackburn, T. H., Leng, R. A. and Preston, T. R. 1977. Rumen function in cattle given sugar cane. Tropical Animal Production 2: 260–272.Google Scholar
Van Nevel, C. J. and Demeyer, D. I. 1988. Manipulation of rumen fermentation. In The rumen microbial ecosystem (ed. Hobson, P. N.), pp. 387–433. Elsevier Applied Science, London.Google Scholar
White, T. W. 1965. Rice bran in beef cattle fattening rations. Louisiana State University Agricultural Experimental Station bulletin no. 600.Google Scholar
Whitehead, R., Cooke, G. H. and Chapman, B. T. 1967. Problems associated with the continuous monitoring of ammoniacal nitrogen in river water. Automation in Analytical Chemistry 2: 377–380.Google Scholar